scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dan Tembaga (Cu) Pada Akar Dan Buah Mangrove Avicennia marina Di Perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Nirwani Soenardjo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Almost All

Perairan Tanjung Emas merupakan salah satu kawasan pesisir yang dekat dengan aktivitas pelabuhan, industri, dan pemukiman penduduk. Tingginya aktivitas di kawasan Tanjung Emas diduga mengalirkan berbagai limbah yang dapat menimbulkan pencemaran, antara lainpencemaran oleh logam berat Pb dan Cu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat Pb dan Cu dalam air, sedimen, akar, dan buah mangrove Avicennia marinaserta untuk mengetahui tingkat akumulasi terhadap logam-logam tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Kemudian logam berat dianalisis menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kandungan logam berat Pb dan Cu di perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang menunjukkan pencemaran berat karena sudah melebihi batas ambang yang ditentukan yaitu masing-masing 0,01-0,06 mg/L (Pb) dan 0,004-0,14 mg/L (Cu). Kandungan Cu pada sedimen sebesar 1,236-3,212 mg/kg; Cu pada akar2,104-2,529 mg/kg; dan Cu pada buah A. marina 1,640-4,336 mg/kg.Hampir semua hasil ini lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kandungan Pb pada sedimen 0,251-0,507 mg/kg; Pb pada akar 0,732-1,625 mg/kg; dan Pb pada buah A. marina 0,114-0,345 mg/kg.BCF akar tertinggi ditemukan pada logam Pb yaitu 1,443-6,474 dan TF buah tertinggi ditemukan pada logam Cu yakni 0,674-1,714.Kata Kunci : Logam Berat Pb dan Cu, kolom air,sedimen, akar dan buah A.marina, BCF dan TF A. marina.Tanjung Emas waters were one of the coastal areas near that port activities, industries, and residential areas. The high activities in the area of Tanjung Emas allegedly flowed various wastes that can cause pollution, that is heavy metal Pb and Cu. The aim of this research was to determine the content of heavy metals Pb and Cu in the waters, sediment, roots, and fruits of the mangrove Avicennia marina as well as to determine the level of accumulation for these metals. The method that was used in this research was descriptive method and the determination of the location of research area used purposive sampling method. Then, heavy metals were analysedusing AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). The results showed that the content of heavy metals Pb and Cu in the waters of Tanjung Emas Semarang showed heavy contamination because it exceeds thespecifiedthreshold is 0,01-0,06 mg/L (Pb) and 0,004-0,14 mg/L (Cu). The content of Cu in the sediments was 1,236-3,212 mg/kg; Cucontentat the root was 2,104-2,529 mg/kg; and Cu content in fruits of mangrove A. marina is 1,640-4,336 mg/kg. Almost all of these results was higher when compared with the content of Pb in sediments is 0,251-0,507 mg/kg; Pb at the root is 0,732-1,625 mg/kg; and Pb in A. marina fruits is 0,114-0,345 mg/kg. The BCF highest root was found in Pb is 1,443-6,474 and TF highest fruits found on the committal was 0,674-1,714.Keywords : Heavy Metal Pb and Cu, in waters, Sediment, Roots and Fruit of A. marina, BCF and TFA. marina

scholarly journals Evaluation of two sample preparation methods for the determination of cadmium, nickel and lead in natural foods by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Romero-Estévez ◽  
Gabriela S Yánez-Jácome ◽  
Karina Simbaña-Farinango ◽  
Pamela Y Vélez-Terreros ◽  
Hugo Navarrete
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Natural Foods

Environmental pollution allows heavy metals to interact with ecosystems, bioaccumulating and passing through the food chain. Animals and human scan consume contaminated species and reach toxic and harmful concentrations in their organisms. While there are international regulatory frameworks for heavy metal contents, these are not always known or suitable for local conditions. This situation calls for the development of locally-applicable analytical methods for the determination of heavy metal concentrations in common vegetal and animal food products. Two established methods (AOAC999.11, based on sample drying and calcination, and IPNAC-06-00, based on microwave-assisted acid digestion) were comparatively tested at the CESAQ-PUCE laboratory in Quito, Ecuador, to determine their suitability. Sample matrices used were non industrial, non-organic tomato, lettuce, and beef commonly found in local markets. Heavy metals tested were cadmium, nickel, and lead. Test guidelines and comparative parameters were based on AOAC(2002) and included quantification limits, repeatability variation coefficients, intermediate precision percentages, accuracy and calculated expanded uncertainties. Unlike method AOAC999.11, method IPNAC 06-00 performance for all parameters was with in the range of recommended expected values as per AOAC, and was therefore deemed more suitable to be applied under the local CESAQ-PUCE laboratory conditions. The validation of method IPNAC-06-00 demonstrated its local applicability. In addition, IPNAC 06-00 can beused by similar laboratories to assess contaminants concentrations and improve the base line information concerning human exposure to toxic metals.

scholarly journals Logam Pb pada Avicennia marina Forssk, 1844 (Angiosperms : Acanthaceae) di Lingkungan Air, Sedimen, di Pesisir Timur Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Ega Hagita Testi ◽  
Nirwani Soenardjo ◽  
Rini Pramesti
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Laboratory Technology

Akar Avicennia marina merupakan bagian yang pertama terpapar logam berat timbal. Akar ini menyerap dan menyebarkan keseluruh bagian tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji kandungan logam berat Pb dalam akar dan daun A. marina disekitar Kawasan Perairan Industri Terboyo, Semarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan penentuan lokasi dengan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel meliputi air, sedimen, akar, dan daun mangrove di sepanjang aliran Sungai Sringin, Sungai Babon, dan Sungai Tenggang. Analisis kandungan logam berat di air dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Lingkungan Hidup (BLH). Analisis kandungan logam berat di sedimen, akar, daun muda dan daun tua dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Besar Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri (BBTPPI) dengan menggunakan Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry (AAS). Kandungan logam berat dalam air <0,00-0,01 mg/L, sedimen <0,03 - 6,23 mg/kg, akar 0,20-0,31 mg/kg, daun muda 0,10-0,13 mg/kg, dan daun tua 0,10-0,15 mg/kg. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kandungan logam berat di air diatas baku mutu (KepMen LH No. 51, 2004) sebesar 0,008 mg/L sedangkan sedimen dibawah baku mutu (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1999) sebesar 30,24 ppm. ABSTRACT : The roots of Avicennia marina was a plant that can be accumulated by heavy metals. This  plant roots were first exposed to heavy metals, especially heavy metals Pb, was the root. The roots would absorb and spread in all parts of the plant This study was aimed to examine the heavy metal content of Pb in the roots and leaves of A. marina around Area of Terboyo Industrial Water, Semarang. The method used in this research was descriptive method and the location decision with  purposive sampling method. The sampling included were water, sediments, roots, mangrove leaves along Sringin River, Babon River, and Tenggang River. The analysis of heavy metal content in the water was performed in the Laboratory of Environment (BLH). The analysis of heavy metal content in the sediment, the roots, young leaves and old leaves were conducted in Laboratory Technology Center Industrial Pollution Prevention (BBTPPI) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Heavy Metal contained in water < 0,00 to  0,01 mg/L, sediment < 0,030 to 6,23 mg/kg, the roots of A. marina were 0,20 to 0,31 mg/kg, the young leaves were 0,10 to 0,13 mg/kg, and the old leaves 0,10 to 0,15 mg/kg. the result of this research can be concluded that the heavy metal content  in water were high quality standard (KepMen LH No. 51, 2004) of 0,008 mg/L and in sediments below was

scholarly journals Estimation of Environmental Risk when Eating Raw and Boiled Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Almost All

The risk to human health due the consumption of vegetables is based on the characterization of harmful effects that can develop in the human body in case of the long-term eating of these products. At the same time, when people consume vegetables, it is possible to reduce their content of pollutants by heat treatment, for example, cooking. Therefore, it is relevant to compare the risk that occurs when eating raw and boiled vegetables. Purpose. Determination of environmental risk from the eating of vegetables (carrots and potatoes) with high concentrations of chemical elements and the ability to reduce them in case of boiling. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, statistical methods were used. Results. On the basis of field-based research, the content of heavy metals - lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron and nitrates in cooked and raw carrots and potatoes - was determined on the farmland located in Shevchenkovo settlement of the Kharkiv region and laboratory studies. It turned out that virtually all metals concentrations do not have excessived MAC. To determine the level of influence of cooking on the fruit the relative content of heavy metals before and after cooking were researched. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, the coefficients of concentration of heavy metals in plant products were calculated and the environmental risk from the consumption of vegetables in food was calculated. When comparing all risk agents among themselves by hazard ratios, the predominance of nitrates and cadmium in all samples was detected. It should also be noted that there is a high risk of lead, copper and iron found in carrots. Comparison of test objects with the overall environmental risk for health from their use showed that the highest risk is crude carrots, and the lowest - potatoes are cooked. Heat treatment of carrots reduces the overall risk by only 25%, and potato - by 40%. Conclusions. It is established that after heat treatment almost all substances are partially derived from vegetables. Analysis of the changes occurring in potatoes and carrots after cooking indicates a reduction in the risk of the disease. The risk of the onset of diseases in virtually all organs is highest when carrots are consumed raw.

scholarly journals Determination of Heavy Metal Residues in Slaughtered Camels at Sokoto and Gusau Modern Abattoirs, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akawu Bala ◽  
Abdulkadir Usman Junaidu ◽  
Mohammed Danlami Salihu ◽  
Bello Mohammed Agaie ◽  
Mahmud Abdulahi Saulawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Kidney Liver

Background. Heavy metals can pose health risks to both animals and humans. Objectives. To determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in samples taken from the kidney, liver, muscle, hide, and blood of camels slaughtered at both Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs. Methods. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr in tissues and organs of camels slaughtered at both Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A total of 120 samples were collected. Results. All the samples collected tested positive for Pb, Cd and Cr. The overall mean concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr in tissues and organs of slaughtered camels at Sokoto modern abattoir ranged from 0.11 mg/kg to 0.35 mg/kg, 0.05 to 0.8 mg/kg and 0.41 to 0.59 mg/kg, respectively, while at Gusau modern abattoir, the overall mean concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr ranged from 0.20 mg/kg to 1.17 mg/kg, 0.01 to 0.14 mg/kg and 0.13 to 0.51 mg/kg, respectively. Discussion. The concentration of Pb in the tissues and organs of camels slaughtered at Gusau modern abattoir was high compared to in camels slaughtered at Sokoto modern abattoir, while the concentrations of Cd and Cr in the tissues and organs of camels slaughtered at Sokoto modern abattoir were high compared to those in tissues and organs of camels slaughtered at Gusau modern abattoir. There were significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Cr in samples taken from the kidney, liver, muscle, hide, and blood of slaughtered camels at both Sokoto and Gusau. Conclusions. Camels slaughtered at both Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs were exposed to Pb, Cd, and Cr. The tissues and organs of camels slaughtered at both Sokoto and Gusau contain Pb, Cd, and Cr. Prolonged exposure through consumption of these tissues and organs should be avoided. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

The S. Domingos Mine: A study of heavy metal contamination in the water column and sediments of the Chanca River Basin by discharge from an ancient cupriferous pyrite mine (Portugal)

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Pereira ◽  
I Moura ◽  
JR Costa ◽  
JD Mahony ◽  
RV Thomann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Acid Volatile Sulfide ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
Almost All

The water column and the sediment in the S. Domingos Mine area and the associated drainage stream are heavily contaminated by heavy metals. The Chanca Reservoir, into which this stream flows, shows a localized area where the sediment is contaminated by heavy metals, but in general the water column does not show any contamination. Both water column and sediment quality were analysed, including determination of total heavy metal concentration as well as acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metal (SEM). The ratio between SEM and AVS is less then 1 for almost all sampling sites, showing that the Chanca Reservoir appears to be protected in most areas with respect to both sediment and water column toxity.

scholarly journals Cost-effective Method of Analysis for the Determination of Cadmium, Copper, Nickel and Zinc in Cocoa Beans and Chocolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Ramtahal ◽  
Ivan Chang Yen ◽  
Isaac Bekele ◽  
Frances Bekele ◽  
Lawrence Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

<p>The determination of heavy metals in cocoa beans and chocolates is of great importance, due to increasingly stringent regulations being implemented by international legislative bodies and chocolate manufacturers, to protect the health of their consumers. While various techniques exist for heavy metal analyses in cocoa, this study developed a cost-effective, accurate and precise method capable of processing up to 120 samples per batch for the determination of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc. For sample extractions, a normal laboratory hot plate and locally fabricated high-capacity digestion blocks were used, instead of dedicated block digestion or microwave digestion systems. In addition, only concentrated nitric acid was used, instead of mixed reagents used in standardized methods, for metal extractions from samples, with a sample: extractant ratio of 0.5 g : 10 mL, digestion at 130 ºC, followed by filtration and analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The method was validated with Certified Reference Materials, with heavy metal recoveries generally &gt;95%. Additionally, an in-house quality control sample of ground cocoa nib analyzed together with the Certified Reference Materials was used to monitor the consistency of analyses of heavy metals in cocoa bean samples.</p>

scholarly journals Heavy metal composition of maize and tomato grown on contaminated soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-426
Author(s):  
A.O. Adekiya ◽  
A.P. Oloruntoba ◽  
S.O. Ojeniyi ◽  
B.S. Ewulo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Abstract The study investigated the level of heavy metal contamination in plants {maize (Zea mays) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)} from thirty soil samples of three locations (Epe, Igun and Ijana) in the Ilesha gold mining area, Osun State, Nigeria. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Spatial variations were observed for all metals across the locations which was adduced to pH and the clay contents of the soils of each location. The results showed that heavy metals are more concentrated in the areas that are closer to the mining site and the concentrations in soil and plants (maize and tomato) decreased with increasing perpendicular distance from the mining site, indicating that the gold mine was the main sources of pollution. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in plants (tomato and maize) samples were considered to be contaminated as As, Cd and Pb respectively ranged from 0.6 - 2.04 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 5.2 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 3.04 mg kg-1 for tomato and respectively 0.60 - 2.00 mg kg-1, 1.50 - 4.60 mg kg-1 and 0.90 - 2.50 mg kg-1 for maize. These levels exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by FAO/WHO for vegetables. In conclusion, monitoring of crops for toxic heavy metals is essential for food safety in Nigeria.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF CHEMICALS IN THE SOIL OF MINING AREAS OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Mikhailova ◽  
M. A. Solodukhina ◽  
O. G. Alekseeva ◽  
N. M. Burlaka ◽  
S. E. Lapa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Mining Areas

Introduction. Intensive exploration and processing of mineral raw materials in the Trans-Baikal territory has caused the accumulation of considerable amount of industrial mining waste with high content of chemical elements of different classes of hazard. Currently 33 tailings storage facilities (TSF) accumulating approximately 3 milliard tons of different industrial waste are located in the territory of the region. The aim of the research is the hygienic assessment of soil contamination in the residential areas adjacent to TSFs. Material and methods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used for the determination of heavy metals. The study presents the results of analyses of 444 samples of gross content of lead, zinc, copper, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in the soil of Khapcheranga, Sherlovaya Gora, Kadaya, Vershino-Darasunsky, and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky mining villages throughout the duration of 2012 - 2015. Results. During the period of the study the total value of soil contamination with Zc calculated by the median concentrations in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 4.7 6.9, in Vershino-Shakhtaminaky - to 6.7 8.8, which corresponds to the «allowable» level of the contamination. Zc calculation by maximum concentrations has shown the soil to be referred to the category from “moderately dangerous” to “extremely dangerous”; this value in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 48.7 - 235.3, in Vershino-Shakhtaminsky Village - to 23.76 - 164.8. Discussion. In the residential areas the allowable degree of soil contamination was determined to be predominantly observed; Khapcheranga and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky villages are the exceptions. The results of the assessment give the evidence of tge increased lead, cadmium and arsenic content throughout the entire area of the villages, while the highest levels of accumulated toxic substances are registered in the areas located near the TSF Conclusion. Thus, several zones of natural and anthropogenous contamination with increased concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic have been formed in the Trans-Baikal Territory. This dictates the need to study the influence of geochemical anomalies on the health of population.

scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat Besi (Fe) Pada Air, Sedimen, Dan Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) Di Perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Hadi Endrawati
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Living Organisms

Logam berat Fe merupakan logam berat essensial yang keberadaannya dalam jumlah tertentu sangat dibutuhkan oleh organisme hidup, namun dalam jumlah yang berlebih dapat menimbulkan efek racun.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan dan tingkat pencemaran logam berat Fe pada air, sedimen, dan kerang hijau (Perna viridis) di perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7 November dan 7 Desember 2013 dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Logam berat Fe dalam sampel air, sedimen dan kerang hijau dianalisis di Laboratorium Balai Besar Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri (BTPPI) Semarang dengan menggunakan metode AAS (AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometry). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan Tanjung Emas masih dalam taraf terkontaminasi logam Fe. Sedangkan pada sedimen dan pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis) sudah terindikasi tercemar logam Fe.Meskipun demikian variasi faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, pH, kecepatan arus dan jenis sedimen juga memberikan kontribusi yang cukup penting terhadap kandungan logam Fe.Kata Kunci: logam Fe, Air, Sedimen, Perna viridis, metode AAS Heavy metalsiron(Fe) is anessentialheavy metalswhose presencein a certain amountis neededby living organisms, but inexcessiveamountscan causetoxic effects.The aims of the research is to analyze the heavy metals coccentration and the pollution level of Fe in water, sediment, and green mussels (Perna viridis) at Tanjung Emas Semarang. This research was conducted from 7 November and 7 December 2013 using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and research methodswithdescriptive. The results showed that the waters of the Tanjung Emas is still in the stage of heavy metals contaminated iron (Fe). Sediment and green mussels (Perna viridis)already indicated heavy metal contaminatediron. However, variations inenvironmental factorssuch astemperature, salinity, pH, flow velocity an dsediment types also providean important contributionto heavy metal contentof iron(Fe).Key Words: Fe, water, sediment, Perna viridis, metode AAS

scholarly journals Impact Imposed by Urbanization on Soil Heavy Metal Content of Lake Wetland and Evaluation of Ecological Risks in East Dongting Lake in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lin ◽  
Kai Luo ◽  
Zilin Su ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract The urbanization is regarded as the major factor related to human activities that may interfere with the natural ecosystem. In this study, we have selected the wetland of East Dongting Lake as the research area. We have collected 180 soil samples (within the range of 0–20 cm, and 20cm-40cm), and we have measured the contents of their physicochemical properties (including salinity, pH value, soil particle composition, soil organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus) as well as heavy metal elements (including As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr). We have adopted the methods of multivariate statistical analysis and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, so as to to reveal the sources and distribution characteristics of heavy metal content in soil in the research area. By adopting the potential ecological risk index (PERI) method proposed by Hakanson, we intend to assess the PERI values of heavy metals. Our research findings have shown that: (1) 8 sorts of heavy metals have shown positive correlation with each other. As, Hg and Zn have shown a significantly positive correlation with SOC (P < 0.01); As, Ni, Cr and Zn have shown a significantly positive correlation with AP (P < 0.01); As and Pb have shown a significantly positive correlation with Clay (P < 0.01); whereas Hg and Zn have shown a significantly negative correlation with Silt (P < 0.01); As and Pb have shown a significantly negative correlation with Sand (P < 0.01). (2) During urbanization, the elements of Cd, Ni, As, Hg and Pb might be enriched due to agricultural and industrial activities, whereas the use of fertilizers and pesticides constitute one of the major factors contributing to the increase of Cd and Pb contents in soil. (3) Influenced by the varying land patterns and with exception to Cu, the Fe-normalized concentrations have shown significant variations among different types of land use (P < 0.05). Specifically, there is a significantly higher level of Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg contents in the agricultural land than other types of land use, whereas there is a slightly higher level of heavy metal content in the mudflats than that in the grassland. In addition, the content of heavy metals in woodland remains relatively stable, and with exception to As, the content of heavy metals in woodland is the lowest among the five types of land. (4) The average value of the comprehensive PERI in heavy metals amounts to 555.03, representing a strong degree of ecological risks. Specifically, the proportion of sampling points of Cd that have a high level of ecological risks amounts to 36.51%, which is the primary element contributing to heavy metal pollution in the region, especially in the agricultural land.

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