scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ATTITUDE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS AND CIVILIANS TO LIES WITH THE SUCCESS OF ITS RECOGNITION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Moral Position ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Epistemological Understanding

The article is devoted to the description of attitude to lies and success of its detection in groups of civil recipients and police. Results of two empirical studies are presented in the article. At the first study (n = 120) was found that civil recipients are better in deception detection if they have epistemological understanding of concept of lie. Those recipients who understand the lie from a moral position, condemn it – are worse in lie detection. Those recipients who considers the main motive of lies is «to create a good effect» are also successful in deception detection. Perhaps this motive is projection, and people who have this motive are more attentive to the communicant, spend more effort to recognize verbal and non-verbal cues. The comparison group of recipients who rely on scientifically confirmed and unconfirmed cues of deception was shown, that scientifically confirmed group is better in lie detection. In a group of civil recipients it was shown that attitudes to different types of lies are correlated. It was also found that the better a person evaluates himself as a successful liar, the more often he uses lie in life and the more positive attitude to lies. However, the attitude to different types of lies is not correlated with the success of detection lie, truth and messages (lie+rtuth) - only with self-esteem as a successful or unsuccessful recipient. In the second study (n = 62) it was found that lie detection in police is not correlated with age, work experience, attitude to white lies. The police, in general, are more aware of the cues of lie, more often civilians rely on scientifically confirmed, in particular, verbal cues. However focus on scientifically confirmed cues of lie is associated with prejudgment in police. The main motive of lies «to create a good effect» named by the police improves lie detection, like in civil group. But understanding lie as ontological or moral position is not associated with lie detection in police. In general, both groups detect lies at the level of random guessing (50%), which is consistent with other studies. Differences in success in detection of messages (lie+rtuth) are due to bias. Biases, probably, are more associated with attitude to lie.

scholarly journals Interviewing to Detect Deception

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldert Vrij
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Terrorist Networks ◽  
Cues To Deception

DePaulo et al.’s (2003) meta-analysis of verbal and nonverbal cues to deception showed that cues to deception are faint and unreliable. If liars do not spontaneously display diagnostic cues to deceit, a logical step is to make sure that investigators elicit or enhance such cues in interviews through specific interview technique. Such interview techniques were scarce in the nonverbal and verbal cues to deception domain, but recently researchers have developed alternative protocols that have their roots in cognition and are based on the assumption that questions can be asked that are more difficult for liars to answer than for truth tellers. They will be discussed in the first part of this article. Traditionally, lie detection in a forensic context concentrated on police-suspect interview settings. However, in the wake of high-profile international terrorist attacks, the importance of identifying terrorist networks and gathering intelligence about the activities of such groups has become paramount. Deception detection in intelligence interviews differs in several ways from deception detection in traditional police-suspect interviews and requires innovative deception research. In the second part of this article we discuss the emerging literature in this domain.

Examining Different Types of Work Experience on Expatriate Longitudinal Performance

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Wang ◽  
Milton Hakel ◽  
L. Jean Whinghter ◽  
Fangyi Liao ◽  
Jing Liang
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Different Types

Respon Padi Gogo Terhadap Residu Pupuk Organik

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baso Daeng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design

<em>The rate of conversion of paddy fields and irrigation water crisis suggest to consider the development of upland rice.� Empowerment of organic-based dryland done to increase rice, as well as environmental sustainability efforts.� The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of organic fertilizer residue to upland rice in the second growing season.� Experiments using a split-split plot design.� The main plot consisted of a dosage of 50% and 100% organic fertilizer in the first growing season.� Sub plot consisted of chicken manure (20 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>), <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Centrosema</span>� <span style="text-decoration: underline;">pubescens</span> (4.3 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>) + chicken manure (10 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>), and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Thitonia</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">diversifolia</span> (4.3 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>) + chicken manure (10 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>).� Sub-sub plot consist of Danau Gaung and Batu Tegi varieties.� The different types of fertilizer had no effect on plant productivity.� The addition of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Thitonia</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">diversifolia</span> gave a good effect on some growth variable and its resistance due pathogen attack.� Batu Tegi varieties are varieties that give the best response from an organic fertilizer.� Interaction between dosage, type of fertilizer, and varieties do not provide areal impact.</em>

Spotting a liar by looking for microexpressions: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
The Relationship

Microexpressions do exist, and they are regarded as valid cues to deception by many researchers, furthermore, there is a lot of empirical evidence which substantiates this claim. However, some researchers don’t think the microexpression can be a way to catch a liar. The author elucidates the theories predicting that looking for microexpressions can be a way to catch a liar, and notes that some data can support for the utilization of microexpressions as a good way to detect deception. In addition, the author thinks that the mixed results in the area of investigating microexpressions and deception detection may be moderated by the stake. More empirical studies which employ high-stake lies to explore the relationship between microexpressions and deception detection are needed.

Reliability Estimates for IRT-Based Forced-Choice Assessment Scores

2021 ◽  
pp. 109442812199908
Author(s):  
Yin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Personnel Decisions ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Different Types

Forced-choice (FC) assessments of noncognitive psychological constructs (e.g., personality, behavioral tendencies) are popular in high-stakes organizational testing scenarios (e.g., informing hiring decisions) due to their enhanced resistance against response distortions (e.g., faking good, impression management). The measurement precisions of FC assessment scores used to inform personnel decisions are of paramount importance in practice. Different types of reliability estimates are reported for FC assessment scores in current publications, while consensus on best practices appears to be lacking. In order to provide understanding and structure around the reporting of FC reliability, this study systematically examined different types of reliability estimation methods for Thurstonian IRT-based FC assessment scores: their theoretical differences were discussed, and their numerical differences were illustrated through a series of simulations and empirical studies. In doing so, this study provides a practical guide for appraising different reliability estimation methods for IRT-based FC assessment scores.

scholarly journals Acoustic-Prosodic and Lexical Cues to Deception and Trust: Deciphering How People Detect Lies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Xi (Leslie) Chen ◽  
Sarah Ita Levitan ◽  
Michelle Levine ◽  
Marko Mandic ◽  
Julia Hirschberg
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
Lexical Cues ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Better Than

Humans rarely perform better than chance at lie detection. To better understand human perception of deception, we created a game framework, LieCatcher, to collect ratings of perceived deception using a large corpus of deceptive and truthful interviews. We analyzed the acoustic-prosodic and linguistic characteristics of language trusted and mistrusted by raters and compared these to characteristics of actual truthful and deceptive language to understand how perception aligns with reality. With this data we built classifiers to automatically distinguish trusted from mistrusted speech, achieving an F1 of 66.1%. We next evaluated whether the strategies raters said they used to discriminate between truthful and deceptive responses were in fact useful. Our results show that, although several prosodic and lexical features were consistently perceived as trustworthy, they were not reliable cues. Also, the strategies that judges reported using in deception detection were not helpful for the task. Our work sheds light on the nature of trusted language and provides insight into the challenging problem of human deception detection.

A Method to Extract Essential Information from Meteorological Facsimile Charts

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 1954001
Author(s):  
Kefeng Mao ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Kelan Zhu ◽  
Dong Hu ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Template Matching ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
Connected Region ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Other Information

Using image processing technology to extract important information, such as isoline and weather system of the meteorological facsimile chart, is conducive to integration with other information, and has important practical value in navigation operations, marine weather forecasting, target recognition, and image retrieval. In meteorological facsimile charts, there are many types of medium-value lines, dense lines in some areas, superimposition and presence of multiple information, such as isolines and isoline characters, intersection of specific weather system symbols, etc. For different types of contours, numeric characters, weather system symbols and other object characteristics, the corresponding object extraction and recognition methods are proposed: Remove the latitude and longitude lines and coastline in the meteorological facsimile map by basemap matching; According to the position and shape features of the figure box, extract the meteorological fax figure box, separate and remove the different character tagging information; On the basis of identifying triangles and semicircles in weather symbols of the frontal system, the frontal symbols are extracted based on the circumscribed triangles and template matching. First the contour character on the fax image is expanded into a block connected region. Determine the position of the character information by judging the number of pixels in the connected region, and then use rotation and template matching to identify the numeric character. Using the meteorological facsimile maps of the US Meteorological Center and the Japan Meteorological Center for the main information extraction, experiments show that the method of this paper has a good effect on the complete and accurate symbol extraction of frontal weather systems, and reduces the computational complexity of contour detection, isoline extraction and numerical recognition. The methods can detect some information from weather charts properly and the error rate is very low.

scholarly journals Research Progress of Geraniol in Tumor Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhi ◽  
Jianying Cui ◽  
Hongli Yang ◽  
Yonggang Zhang ◽  
Meng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancer Côlon

Geraniol is an acyclic monoterpenoid compound, which exists widely in aromatic plants. Geraniol has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, it has been found that geraniol has a strong effect on improving immune function and anti-tumor. Many experimental evidences support that geraniol has a good effect on the treatment or prevention of different types of tumors, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, etc. it also has a synergistic anti-cancer effect with many anti-cancer drugs, revealing the mechanism of its more complex anti-tumor pharmacological action System. In this review, we summarized a variety of anti-cancer signaling pathways and targets. Geraniol is considered to be a safe, effective and promising multi-target anti-cancer drug, which is expected to become an important force in the anti-cancer of traditional Chinese medicine.

scholarly journals Reputation, concessions, and territorial civil war

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils-Christian Bormann ◽  
Burcu Savun
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Reputation Building

Barbara Walter’s application of reputation theory to self-determination movements has advanced our understanding of why many separatist movements result in armed conflict. Walter has shown that governments of multi-ethnic societies often respond to territorial disputes with violence to deter similar future demands by other ethnic groups. When governments grant territorial accommodation to one ethnic group, they encourage other ethnic groups to seek similar concessions. However, a number of recent empirical studies casts doubt on the validity of Walter’s argument. We address recent challenges to the efficacy of reputation building in the context of territorial conflicts by delineating the precise scope conditions of reputation theory. First, we argue that only concessions granted after fighting should trigger additional conflict onsets. Second, the demonstration effects should particularly apply to groups with grievances against the state. We then test the observable implications of our conditional argument for political power-sharing concessions. Using a global sample of ethnic groups in 120 states between 1946 and 2013, we find support for our arguments. Our theoretical framework enables us to identify the conditions under which different types of governmental concessions are likely to trigger future conflicts, and thus has important implications for conflict resolution.

The Detection of Crime

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-112
Author(s):  
Brian H. Bornstein ◽  
Jeffrey S. Neuschatz
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
Physiologically Based ◽  
Better Than

The deception detection method Münsterberg advocates is grounded on principles of association. Although this approach derives partially from a Freudian view of the unconscious, it is not terribly dissimilar to more modern, physiologically based lie detection methods. In recent years, deception detection has become a major focus within psychology and law. Research shows that humans’ ability to detect deception is limited but, summarizing across the body of studies, slightly better than chance. However, most police investigators believe they can detect when suspects are lying. This chapter covers the reliability of modern deception detection techniques with the exception of the polygraph, which is covered in the next chapter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document