scholarly journals Interleukin-31 new biomarker of infectious skin diseases

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Herpesvirus Infection ◽  
Infectious Skin Diseases

Introduction. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the long-term prognosis of AIDS patients, but opportunistic infections can still be life-threatening for this population. Among them, a large group constitutes of herpesvirus infections, which are frequent manifest forms of dermatological manifestations of HIV. The researching of IL-31, as a prospective diagnostic predictor of dermatological diseases, has been actively conducted in recent years. This is due to the interest in its biological action, which extends primarily to the skin. Тhe identification of molecular targets underlying inflammatory and infectious dermatoses is promisingly for the development of new, targeted treatments. Objective: to study the role of IL-31 in the immunopathogenesis of herpesvirus infections associated with HIV infection. Research objectives: 1) to compare the levels of IL-31 in the blood serum in patients with herpesvirus skin diseases associated with HIV infection and in healthy subjects; 2) to determine the presence of a relationship between the levels of IL-31 in the blood serum and the clinical stage of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included patients with herpesvirus infection caused by HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV-3, EBV and HHV-8 associated with HIV infection and healthy individuals. Serum IL-31 levels were measured by ELISA using commercial kits (Human IL-31 ELISA Kit, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA). Were collected the baseline clinical characteristics, assessment of the activity of the infectious process and the degree of immunosuppression. Results. Our study involved 39 patients with herpesvirus infection associated HIV and 31 patients of the control group. In patients with herpesvirus infection against the background of HIV infection, the average level of IL-31 in the blood serum was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects. Serum IL-31 levels in patients with herpesvirus infection did not differ significantly depending on the severity of the process and the degree of immunosuppression. Conclusion. The levels of IL-31 in the blood serum of patients with herpesvirus infection were differed by statistically significant validity in comparison with similar indicators of healthy individuals, which confirms its role in the pathogenesis of infectious skin diseases.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis among Myositis Patients in Southwest of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasem Saki ◽  
Karim Mowla ◽  
Reza Arjmand ◽  
Forough Kazemi ◽  
Somayeh Fallahizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Introduction: Parasitic myositis is caused by some parasites such as T. gondii and T. canis. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence T. gondii and T. canis in patients with myositis and healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 108 samples were randomly selected as the control (54 healthy individuals) and test (54 myositis patients) groups. IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii and IgG antibodies against T. canis were measured by the ELISA. The detection of chronic and acute toxoplasmosis was performed by the ELISA IgG avidity. The presence of T. gondii in blood was evaluated by the nested-PCR. Results: Of 108, 33 (30.6%) cases were detected positive for IgG against T. gondii that 19 (35.2%) and 14 (25.9%) were observed in myositis patients and healthy individuals, respectively (P=0.296). Of 19 positive cases, 12 (63.2%) and 7 (36.8%) cases were detected as chronic and acute toxoplasmosis, respectively, while, all positive cases in the control group had chronic toxoplasmosis (P=0.013). One (1.9%) sample was detected positive for anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgM and two (3.7%) samples were found positive for IgG against T. canis by the ELISA that these positive cases were observed only in myositis patients (P=1.000 P=0.495, respectively). B1 T. gondii gene was amplified in 12 (63.2%) and 1 (7.1%) in myositis patients and healthy subjects (P=0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed that there was a relatively high prevalence of acute toxoplasmosis in myositis patients in comparison with the control subjects in southwest of Iran.

scholarly journals Vitamin K2 Supplementation Does Not Affect Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation Factors Activity in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1843-1843
Author(s):  
Jing Tan ◽  
Ruijun Ren ◽  
Dan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Objectives Vitamin K is generally regarded as a procoagulant drug with physicians, concerns have been raised about its effects on hemostasis in the healthy population. We aimed to investigate whether vitamin K2 affects activities of individual vitamin K dependent coagulation factors in healthy individuals without anticoagulation treatment. Methods Forty healthy volunteers between 25 and 40 years old were recruited. They received 90 μg of vitamin K2 every day for 30 days. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (FIB) levels and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activity levels (F II : C, FⅦ : C, FⅨ : C,FⅩ : C), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), which is uncarboxylated prothrombin were measured at day 0, and day 30 after vitamin K2 administration. Plasma diluted 1:10 from vitamin K2 group and healthy control group were assayed for the activity of factors II, VII, IX, and X. Results PT, APTT, TT, and FIB did not show significant difference at day 30 when compared with baseline. The activities of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X was not significantly different with baseline (97.28 ± 12.42% vs. 99.96 ± 10.24%, P = 0.24 for F II: C; 76.12 ± 15.82% vs. 76.40 ± 12.33%, P = 0.92 for FⅦ: C; 97.65 ± 13.98% vs. 99.65 ± 13.30%, P = 0.47 for FⅨ: C; 89.18 ± 10.76% vs. 92.01 ± 10.46%, P = 0.1 for FⅩ: C) . PIVKA-II levels were not changed with 30 days vitamin K2 supplementation (21.62 ± 3.21 vs. 23.87 ± 2.65 mAU/ml, P = 0.16). After 30 days vitamin K2 administration, factor II, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, and Ⅹ activity of plasma diluted up to 10 times were proportionally decreased, and did not show significant difference with the healthy control without vitamin K2 exposure (10.32 ± 1.24% vs. 10.97 ± 1.55%, P = 0.38 for F II: C; 9.52 ± 2.94% vs. 9.14 ± 1.79%, P = 0.68 for FⅦ: C; 11.78 ± 2.12% vs.11.65 ± 1.54%, P = 0.87 for FⅨ: C; 8.22 ± 1.28% vs. 8.92 ± 1.13%, P = 0.21 for FⅩ: C). Conclusions Vitamin K2 supplementation at recommended dosage does not affect vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors activity in healthy subjects. Uncarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II) in healthy individuals is not decreased with vitamin K supplementation. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Hair Mercury Levels in Periodontal Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Khafri ◽  
Hamidreza Hasanjani Roushan ◽  
Hadi Parsian ◽  
Ramin Alijannia ◽  
Abbas Mosapour
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Mercury Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Hair Mercury ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction The clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases (such as gingivitis and chronic periodontitis) results from a complex interplay between the etiologic agents such as bacteria that present in the dental plaque, genetic factors, systemic diseases, smoking and exposure of some heavy metals, such as mercury. In this study, we aimed to evaluate hair mercury levels in healthy subjects in comparison with periodontal patients. Materials and methods One hundred twenty subjects were enrolled in this study. The included persons were divided into 3 groups: healthy subjects (n = 40), gingivitis (n = 40) and chronic periodontitis patients (n = 40). Hair samples were collected from occipital area of head. Total mercury levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results The difference between mercury levels in three groups were statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Mercury level in periodontitis patients was greater than the gingivitis group (p-value < 0.001). In addition the differences between mercury levels in periodontitis patients vs healthy individuals was significant (p-value = 0.048). The gingivitis patients had lower levels of mercury than the control group, but the difference was not significant (p-value = 0.170). Conclusion The results showed that the levels of mercury are to some extent differed in periodontal diseases in comparison with the healthy individuals. A study with larger sample size is needed for clarification of this issue. How to cite this article Roushan HH, Parsian H, Alijannia R, Mosapour A, Khafri S. Hair Mercury Levels in Periodontal Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals. World J Dent 2014;5(3):166-169.

scholarly journals Changes of intestinal microbiota in patients with HIV

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Khasanova ◽  
V A Anokhin ◽  
O I Bikkinina ◽  
E N Shakhbazova ◽  
E Y Kotlyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Frequent Finding ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Infection Stage

Aim. To assess the changes in intestinal microbiota in patients with HIV. Methods. The cultures of stool samples of 317 patients with different stages of HIV [13 (4.1%) patients - with the acute infection stage (2A, 2B, 2C), 217 (68.5%) - with the stage III, 87 (27.4%) - with the stages IVA-B according to classification by Pokrovsky V.I., 2001] were examined by plating on the growth medium and further microbiologic examination. Results. Changes in intestinal microbiota were found in 94% of the patients. The decrease in the obligatory microorganisms quantity, especially in bifidobacteria (lower than reference ranges in 70.3% of patients) was the most frequent finding. Bacterial overgrowth of conditionally pathogenic biota (mainly S. aureus and Candida) was registered in 57.1% of patients. The intestinal microbiota composition did not depend on the clinical stage of HIV infection and presence of opportunistic infections, with only CD-4 count associated with the degree of intestinal microbiota changes. Conclusion. Intestinal microbiota changes are typical for patients with HIV infection at all stages of the disease regardless of opportunistic infections presence. Low CD-4 count is associated with higher severity of intestinal microbiota changes.

scholarly journals Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Blood to Distinguish Lung Cancer Patients from Healthy Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Xuming Zhu ◽  
Huizhu Song ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Feifei Han ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Level Group

Objective. Inflammation-driven markers play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in blood are systemic inflammatory response markers. Some reports have showed that NLR and PLR are related to a poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer. However, little studies have reported whether NLR and PLR can be diagnostic markers for lung cancer. The aim of the current study is to investigate the roles of NLR and PLR in diagnosing lung cancer. Methods. This study analyzed data from lung cancer patients and healthy individuals in Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed to compare differences between the lung cancer group and the control group. Based on white blood cell (WBC) counts, both lung cancer patients and healthy individuals were divided into the low-level group, moderate-level group, and high-level group. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare differences of NLR and PLR among those groups with different WBC counts. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess correlations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to determine diagnostic accuracy. Results. 210 patients diagnosed with lung cancer and 261 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Levels of NLR and PLR increased in the lung cancer group compared with the control group ( P < 0.001 ). For the lung cancer group, NLR levels could rise with the increasing of WBC levels ( P < 0.001 ) while PLR levels had no significant variation with the increasing of WBC levels ( P = 0.206 ). For the control group, NLR levels could rise with the increasing of WBC levels ( P < 0.001 ) while PLR levels would decline with the increasing of WBC levels ( P < 0.001 ). In the lung cancer group, both NLR and PLR had no significant correlations with aspartate transaminase, urea, and glucose. The area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of NLR and PLR to distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy subjects was, respectively, 0.684 (0.634-0.735) and 0.623 (0.571-0.674). When NLR and PLR were combined, AUC (95% CI) increased to 0.691 (0.642-0.740). Conclusions. NLR and PLR alone have moderate ability to distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy subjects. Furthermore, combination forms of NLR and PLR can improve diagnostic ability.

scholarly journals Study on Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 As a Marker of Severity of Liver Dysfunction in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Aloke Kumar Raha ◽  
Mohammad Izazul Hoque ◽  
Mamun Al Mahtab ◽  
Nooruddin Ahmad ◽  
Salimar Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Cirrhosis Of Liver

Background: Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide hormone predominantly synthesized in liver. It has been reported that serum IGF-1 concentrations low in hypopitutuitarism, malnutrition and various diseases particularly in patients with chronic liver disease. The aim of the study was to see the level of IGF-1 in patients with cirrhosis and its relation with severity of liver dysfunction. Materials and Methods : This study was carried out in the Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka, Bangladesh. 40 persons (30 patients of cirrhosis of liver and 10 healthy individuals) were selected and grouped as Group-1 : 10 Child grade A patient, Group - 2 : 10 Child grade B patient, Group - 3 : 10 Child grade C cirrhotic patients and Group - 4 : 10 healthy subjects. Patients with recent antiviral therapy, acute illness, hepatocellular carcinoma and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were excluded from the study. IGF-1 was measured using IMMULITE, DPC, USA which employs automated chemiluminescent immunoassays. Results : Among 30 cirrhotic patients 26 were male and 4 were female. Mean age was 38.83 ± 14.08 years. Etiology of cirrhosis was hepatitis B virus in 23 patient, hepatitis C virus in 1 patient, Cryptogenic in 6 patients. Healthy subjects were hepatitis B and C virus negative with normal liver function test and mean age was 36.40 ± 7.76 years, Mean serum IGF-1 was 82 ± 10.85 ng/ml in Child grade A, 50.77 ± 7.47 ng/ml in Child grade B, 29.69 ± 3.17 ng/ml in Child grade C patients and 130.96 ± 2.43 ng/ml in healthy individuals. Conclusion : Serum level of IGF -1 is low in patients with cirrhosis of liver than healthy individuals and reflects the severity of liver dysfunction in different clinical stage. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (1); Jan 2019; Page 3-7

scholarly journals POS0451 SERUM FETUIN-A AND VISFATIN LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DEPENDING ON DISEASE ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 455.2-456
Author(s):  
Y. Akhverdyan ◽  
В. Zavodovsky ◽  
E. Papichev ◽  
J. Polyakova ◽  
L. Seewordova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Grade Ii

Background:In recent years, the systemic effects of a number of cytokines have been actively studied, in particular, fetuin-A is considered a negative protein of the acute phase response, and visfatin, on the contrary, affects the activation of the cytokine cascade and has a pro-inflammatory effect. Taking into account that women suffer from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) more often, we investigated the levels of fetuin-A and visfatin in the blood serum of females in comparison with a group of healthy individuals and depending on the activity of the disease.Objectives:to study the levels of fetuin-A and visfatin in the blood serum of women suffering from RA, depending on the activity of the diseaseMethods:The study included 110 women with RA and 30 apparently healthy individuals. The inclusion criteria were: a diagnosis of RA verified based on the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology/European Anti-Rheumatic League (ACR/EULAR) 2010. The patients’ age ranged from 18 to 90 years. The control group included 30 conventionally healthy individuals. Serum fetuin-A and visfatin levels were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits. RA activity was determined by the DAS28-CRP index. Activity 0-I was in 33 (30%) patients, grade II in 67 (60.9%), grade III in 10 (9.09%) patients.Results:The normal level of fetuin-A was calculated using the formula M±2σ in the group of conventionally healthy individuals and ranged from 653.55 to 972.19 μg/ml. In patients with grade 0-I RA activity according to DAS28, the mean serum fetuin-A level was 843.92±130.73 μg/ml, in patients with grade II activity - 742.37±98.85 μg / ml, with III the degree of activity - 663.9±123.7 μg/ml (p<0.001).The average level of visfatin in the blood serum in healthy individuals was 2.43±0.17 ng/ml. The level of normal values of visfatin in healthy individuals, defined as M±2σ, ranged from 0 to 5.07 ng/ml. The average level of visfatin in patients with RA was 6.27±0.18 ng/ml, which is significantly higher than in healthy individuals (p<0.001).In patients with 0-I degree of RA activity according to DAS28, the average level of visfatin in blood serum was 4.94±0.02 ng/ml, in patients with degree II activity - 5.08±0.02 ng/ml, with III degree of activity - 6.82±0.23 ng/ml (p<0.001).Conclusion:Thus, the level of fetuin-A in the blood serum of patients with RA is significantly lower in the case of a high degree of disease activity. The level of visfatin in the blood serum in women with RA is significantly higher in patients with a higher degree of disease activity. Therefore, the concentration values of fetuin-A and visfatin in the blood serum of patients with RA can be used in an integrated assessment of the prognosis of disease activity.References:[1]Inoue K, Ikeda Y, Yamanaka S, et al. Serum fetuinA levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [abstract]. Atherosclerosis. 2002;9(Suppl 1):233. doi: 10-1016/s1567-5688(08)70930-9[2]Janssens K, ten Dijke P, Janssens S, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 to the bone. Endocrine Reviews. 2005;26(6):743-74. doi:10.1210/er.2004-0001[3]Polyakova J, Korolik O, Papichev E, et al. The role of «new» cytokines in the pathogenesis rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 78(2): 1497Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE HIV INFECTION COURSE AND THE DEPENDENCE OF CHANGES IN LABORATORY PARAMETERS ON THE CLINICAL STAGE AND ON THE CD4 LYMPHOCYTES LEVEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1189-1195
Author(s):  
Oksana M. Chemych ◽  
Mykola D. Chemych ◽  
Anna A. Olefir ◽  
Oleh B. Berest
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis ◽  
Endogenous Intoxication ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Important Objective ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

The aim: Is to determine the features of the HIV infection and changes in indicators of endogenous intoxication and immunoreactivity depending on the clinical stage and the level of CD4 lymphocytes. Materials and methods: 72 HIV-patients were examined. Comparison group included 40 healthy blood donors. Clinical and laboratory examination was performed. Indicators of endogenous intoxication, nonspecific reactivity and inflammatory activity were calculated. Results:Main opportunistic infections were: oropharyngeal candidiasis; tuberculosis of different localization, more often pulmonary tuberculosis; and brain toxoplasmosis (p<0,05). Indices of endogenous intoxication and immunoreactivity are important objective criteria for diagnosis. In groups where the distribution of patients depended on the level of CD4 cells – HIV (CD4≥500) and HIV (CD4≤499-200), index changes were more pronounced than in the HIV I and HIV III groups. The most significant changes in indexes were in the HIV IV clinical group and the HIV (CD4≤199) group: endogenous intoxication indexes were increased by 1,2-7,5 and 1,9-13,7 times in both groups respectively. Non-specific reactivity indexes were decreased by 1,2-1,6 and 1,3-1,6 times, respectively; nuclear index (NI) in groups was 3 and 3,4 times higher (p<0,05–0,001). Changes in indexes of inflammatory activity were observed (p<0,05-0,001). Conclusions: Main diagnosed opportunistic infections were: oropharyngeal candidiasis; tuberculosis of different localization; and brain toxoplasmosis (p<0,05). Indices of endogenous intoxication and immunoreactivity are important objective criteria for diagnosis. The most significant changes in indexes were in the HIV IV clinical group and the HIV (CD4≤199) group (p<0,05-0,001).

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF DETERMINING CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME CYTOKINES IN PERIPHERAL MBLOOD FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-774
Author(s):  
N. A. Arsentieva ◽  
Areg A. Totolian
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Cytokines are the most important factors in pathogenesis of infectious, allergic, autoimmune, lymphoproliferative diseases and immunopathological processes. Many cytokines are very useful therapeutic targets for immunodiagnostics of different human diseases. Measurement of the cytokine levels by immunochemical methods in various biological fluids is usually used for diagnostic evaluation. Content analysis of research articles from two Russian immunological journals, “Meditsinskaya Immunologiya” = “Medical Immunology (Russia)” and “Infektsiya i immunitet” = “Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity,”, shows that ELISA, xMAP multiplex immunoassay, and CBA technologies are the most common methods used in clinical and immunological studies aimed for determination of cytokine contents in blood serum/plasma. Normal ranges of some plasma/serum cytokines in healthy individuals were subject to wide variations when using different methods and specific reagents from various manufacturers. The normal ranges applied by the CBA-technology, are significantly higher than appropriate values obtained by ELISA or xMAP-technologies. Most studies included a small control group, usually limited by 15-20 persons. In most of these works, blood serum samples were used for assays, whereas EDTA-conserved plasma was taken only in few studies. It has been concluded that the results of cytokine measurements in blood serum/plasma in healthy individuals vary in wide ranges, and depend on many factors, e.g., initial sampling material, mode of technology, type of test systems, and characteristics of the group under study: number of patients, age, gender, geographical factor, etc. The mentioned data demonstrate a need for large-scale multicenter clinical studies, in order to standardize measurements of the cytokine levels in human peripheral blood and to specify their normal values.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of ceruloplasmin level in biological fluids at herpes infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-754
Author(s):  
N A Terekhina ◽  
S E Reuk ◽  
T I Atamanova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Herpes Infection ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Ceruloplasmin Level ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Aim. To compare the levels of ceruloplasmin in tears, saliva and blood serum of patients with herpetic stomatitis and eye herpes to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Methods. Ceruloplasmin levels were determined in tears, saliva and blood serum of 30 children, 22 adult patients with herpetic keratitis and 27 children with acute herpetic stomatitis. Biological fluids of 62 healthy individuals were used as the control group. Results. In patients with eye herpes infection, сeruloplasmin levels increased in oral fluid and blood serum and markedly decreased in tears of both affected and intact eye. Ceruloplasmin levels in biological fluids normalized only among children with light forms of eye herpes at discharge. In the case of acute herpetic stomatitis, ceruloplasmin levels increased in oral fluid and blood serum, depending on the severity of the disease. After the treatment, ceruloplasmin levels in tears, oral fluid and blood plasma normalized only in children with dendritic ulcer (herpes epithelial keratitis), while in adult patients with chronic relapsing eye herpes and in children with highly invasive eye herpes ceruloplasmin levels did not normalize. Conclusion. In the case of infection detected multidirectional ceruloplasmin levels in tears, oral fluids and blood serum changes were found in patients with herpes. Ceruloplasmin level decreased in tears, and increased in blood serum and oral fluid.

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