METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF DETERMINING CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME CYTOKINES IN PERIPHERAL MBLOOD FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

Cytokines are the most important factors in pathogenesis of infectious, allergic, autoimmune, lymphoproliferative diseases and immunopathological processes. Many cytokines are very useful therapeutic targets for immunodiagnostics of different human diseases. Measurement of the cytokine levels by immunochemical methods in various biological fluids is usually used for diagnostic evaluation. Content analysis of research articles from two Russian immunological journals, “Meditsinskaya Immunologiya” = “Medical Immunology (Russia)” and “Infektsiya i immunitet” = “Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity,”, shows that ELISA, xMAP multiplex immunoassay, and CBA technologies are the most common methods used in clinical and immunological studies aimed for determination of cytokine contents in blood serum/plasma. Normal ranges of some plasma/serum cytokines in healthy individuals were subject to wide variations when using different methods and specific reagents from various manufacturers. The normal ranges applied by the CBA-technology, are significantly higher than appropriate values obtained by ELISA or xMAP-technologies. Most studies included a small control group, usually limited by 15-20 persons. In most of these works, blood serum samples were used for assays, whereas EDTA-conserved plasma was taken only in few studies. It has been concluded that the results of cytokine measurements in blood serum/plasma in healthy individuals vary in wide ranges, and depend on many factors, e.g., initial sampling material, mode of technology, type of test systems, and characteristics of the group under study: number of patients, age, gender, geographical factor, etc. The mentioned data demonstrate a need for large-scale multicenter clinical studies, in order to standardize measurements of the cytokine levels in human peripheral blood and to specify their normal values.

Download Full-text

Comparative analysis of ceruloplasmin level in biological fluids at herpes infection

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj1936 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 752-754

Author(s):

N A Terekhina ◽

S E Reuk ◽

T I Atamanova

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Herpes Infection ◽

Oral Fluids ◽

Ceruloplasmin Level ◽

Severity Of The Disease

Aim. To compare the levels of ceruloplasmin in tears, saliva and blood serum of patients with herpetic stomatitis and eye herpes to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Methods. Ceruloplasmin levels were determined in tears, saliva and blood serum of 30 children, 22 adult patients with herpetic keratitis and 27 children with acute herpetic stomatitis. Biological fluids of 62 healthy individuals were used as the control group. Results. In patients with eye herpes infection, сeruloplasmin levels increased in oral fluid and blood serum and markedly decreased in tears of both affected and intact eye. Ceruloplasmin levels in biological fluids normalized only among children with light forms of eye herpes at discharge. In the case of acute herpetic stomatitis, ceruloplasmin levels increased in oral fluid and blood serum, depending on the severity of the disease. After the treatment, ceruloplasmin levels in tears, oral fluid and blood plasma normalized only in children with dendritic ulcer (herpes epithelial keratitis), while in adult patients with chronic relapsing eye herpes and in children with highly invasive eye herpes ceruloplasmin levels did not normalize. Conclusion. In the case of infection detected multidirectional ceruloplasmin levels in tears, oral fluids and blood serum changes were found in patients with herpes. Ceruloplasmin level decreased in tears, and increased in blood serum and oral fluid.

Download Full-text

European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS): within- and between-subject biological variation estimates for serum thyroid biomarkers based on weekly samplings from 91 healthy participants

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2020-1885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Michela Bottani ◽

Aasne K. Aarsand ◽

Giuseppe Banfi ◽

Massimo Locatelli ◽

Abdurrahman Coşkun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Biological Variation ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Performance Specifications ◽

Study Population ◽

Variance Homogeneity ◽

Healthy Participants

Abstract Objectives Thyroid biomarkers are fundamental for the diagnosis of thyroid disorders and for the monitoring and treatment of patients with these diseases. The knowledge of biological variation (BV) is important to define analytical performance specifications (APS) and reference change values (RCV). The aim of this study was to deliver BV estimates for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroglobulin (TG), and calcitonin (CT). Methods Analyses were performed on serum samples obtained from the European Biological Variation Study population (91 healthy individuals from six European laboratories; 21–69 years) on the Roche Cobas e801 at the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy). All samples from each individual were evaluated in duplicate within a single run. The BV estimates with 95% CIs were obtained by CV-ANOVA, after analysis of variance homogeneity and outliers. Results The within-subject (CV I ) BV estimates were for TSH 17.7%, FT3 5.0%, FT4 4.8%, TG 10.3, and CT 13.0%, all significantly lower than those reported in the literature. No significant differences were observed for BV estimates between men and women. Conclusions The availability of updated, in the case of CT not previously published, BV estimates for thyroid markers based on the large scale EuBIVAS study allows for refined APS and associated RCV applicable in the diagnosis and management of thyroid and related diseases.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Hyaluronic Acid in Preventing Recurrence of Urethral Stricture after Visual Internal Urethrotomy

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

H H G Hasan ◽

M K A Tolba ◽

M M M Shalaby

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Recurrence Rate ◽

Urethral Stricture ◽

Large Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Urethral Reconstruction ◽

Internal Urethrotomy ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Voiding Symptoms ◽

Number Of Patients

Abstract Background Many urologists prefer Visual internal urethrotomy (VIU)because of its ease to perform, short hospital stay, low cost, and perceived low complication rate. They may repeat VIU several times to avoid complex urethral reconstruction, because it requires significant surgical experience. Because of its effectiveness and simplicity, VIU is the primary treatment option for urethral stricture disease. However, the recurrence rate is high and the success rate is low. Aim of the Work To evaluate the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) instillation during visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) for decreasing the incidence of recurrent urethral stricture. Patients and Methods A total of 50 patients who were treated by Visualized internal uretherotomy for urethral stricture between February 2017 and January 2019 were invited to participate in the present study. This study is a multicenter,prospective, randomized controlled, single-blinded study. Results In this study the experimental group had a better voiding symptoms than the control group six months after the surgery,The present study showed that the instillation of hyaluronic acid into the urethra during visualized internal urethrotomy didn’t significantly reduced the recurrence of urethral stricture after the operation although the number of patients who had recurrence after hyaluronic acid instillation were less than recurrence rate in the control group. The hyaluronic acid had no observed side effects and helped to improve the pain and quality of life after the surgery. Conclusion The instillation of hyaluronic into the urethra during VIU reduced postoperative pain and improved voiding symptoms in the study group , but it didn’t significantly reduce the recurrence of urethral stricture after the operation. we suggest that a large-scale, randomized controlled trial be conducted in a larger number of patients with long-term follow-up .

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence of toxocariasis in hypereosinophilic individuals in Ahwaz, south-western Iran

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x11000307 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 241-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. Maraghi ◽

A. Rafiei ◽

R. Hajihossein ◽

S. M. Sadjjadi

Keyword(s):

Western Blot ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Infection Frequency ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Western Iran ◽

And Gender ◽

The City

AbstractEosinophilia in human peripheral blood is caused by different agents, including toxocariasis. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of toxocariasis in hypereosinophilic individuals in the city of Ahwaz, located in south-western Iran, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot techniques. Serum samples were examined from 100 individuals with peripheral blood eosinophilia and also from another 100 individuals without eosinophilia as the control group. In hypereosinophilic individuals seroprevalence antibodies against Toxocara were found in 19 (19%), of whom 12 (63.15%) were female and 7 (36.85%) were male. Positive sera were subsequently confirmed by Western blot. All of the observed bands ranged from 24 to 100 kDa. Antibodies against Toxocara were found in 1% of the control group, but were not confirmed by Western blot. The results showed significant differences between the frequency of infection within age and gender (P < 0.05); the highest prevalence of infection was observed in adults. Differences between the hypereosinophilic and healthy individuals, in terms of Toxocara infection frequency, also proved significant (P < 0.05).The present study thus confirmed the significant prevalence of toxocariasis as a hygienic problem among hypereosinophilic individuals in this area. It is, therefore, necessary to examine these individuals for toxocariasis.

Download Full-text

Exploring methodologies to obtain the metabolomic profile of biological fluids by LC/MS-MS

Revista dos Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP ◽

10.20396/revpibic262018454 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Flavia Presta Filliettaz ◽

Ana Valeria Colnaghi Simionato Cantu ◽

Gustavo H. B. Duarte ◽

Marcos N. Eberlin ◽

Ronei J. Poppi

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Tumor Biomarkers ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Metabolomic Profile ◽

Ionization Source ◽

Molecular Features

The investigation of methodologies to obtain the metabolomic profile of blood serum from healthy individuals by LCMS/MS was performed by factorial planning and the number of molecular features as the system answer. Sample preparation, chromatographic and ionization source conditions were optimized, defining the best conditions to obtain the metabolomic profile of biofluids to be applied in future identification of potential tumor biomarkers.

Download Full-text

Effect evaluation of non-pharmaceutical interventions taken in China to contain the COVID-19 epidemic based on the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-73996/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zheng-Xin Wang ◽

Ming-Huan Shou ◽

Wen-Qian Lou

Keyword(s):

Recovery Rate ◽

Large Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Type B ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Peak Number ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Epidemic Area ◽

Latently Infected ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions

Abstract The spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had resulted in 16 million infected individuals and 640000 deaths across the world as of July 27, 2020. Unfortunately, there is still no sign that the epidemic spread is slowing down. China, as the first country suffering from the widespread outbreak of the epidemic, has effectively contained the spread of the epidemic since March, 2020. Therefore, confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 20 to March 18, 2020 were taken as the sample set to establish the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model. The model was used to analyze changes in the numbers of individuals becoming infected, exposed (latently infected), susceptible, and recovered in the experimental groups taking different non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and in the control group not taking any NPIs, so as to evaluate effects of different NPIs. By doing so, the research expects to provide references to other countries for formulating corresponding policies. The results show that type-A NPIs for reducing daily contacts with infected and exposed cases and type-B NPIs for decreasing the probability of post-exposure infections both can delay the timing of large-scale infections of the susceptible population, timing of the number of exposed individuals to peak, and timing of peaking of the number of infected cases, as well as decrease the peak number of exposed cases. Moreover, type-B NPIs have more significant effects on susceptible and exposed populations. Type-C NPIs for improving the recovery rate of patients are able to effectively reduce the peak number of patients, greatly decrease the slope of the curve for the number of infected cases, substantially improve the recovery rate, and lower the mortality rate; however, these NPIs do not greatly delay the timing of the number of infected cases to peak. In addition to these, considering effects of different NPIs on the susceptible and exposed populations and in delaying the timing for the number of infected cases to peak, it is found that the government’s organization of medical supply related companies to resume production exerts the best effect. As for reducing the epidemic number of patients in the core epidemic area (CEA, Hubei Province), delivery and putting-into-operation of Leishenshan hospital shows the best effect, followed by dispatching of medical staff to support Wuhan, delivery and putting-into-operation of Huoshenshan hospital, and construction of mobile cabin hospitals.

Download Full-text

T197. TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR ULTRA-RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIAS

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.757 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S306-S307

Author(s):

Octavian Vasiliu

Keyword(s):

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Pragmatic Trial ◽

Mood Stabilizers ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind ◽

Meaningful Improvement ◽

Treatment As Usual ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Number Of Patients

Abstract Background Treatment-resistant schizophrenias include a heterogeneous group of patients with significant individual and societal consequences, and a high number of these patients fail to respond to clozapine (almost 50%). Patients who did not respond to the second line antipsychotics are a challenge for their treating physicians and although many augmentation strategies have been tried, including other agents with antipsychotic properties, mood-stabilizers, antidepressants, glutamatergic agents and neuromodulation techniques. Methods A literature review was conducted in the main electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL), and papers published between January 2000 and August 2019 were included. The search paradigm was “ultra-resistant schizophrenia” or “clozapine-resistant schizophrenia” or “add-on to schizophrenia” and non-proprietary names of currently marketed antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, nootropics, “neuromodulation techniques” and “psychotherapy”. Results A number of 197 papers resulted from the primary search, and 45 papers remained after de-duplication and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Electroconvulsive therapy seems to be efficient and the response rate ranges from 37.5 to 100% in cases of ultra-resistant schizophrenia [1]. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) lead to meaningful improvement in positive symptoms and overall symptomatology when compared to no standard treatment of the control group, in a 4 weeks trial [2]. A 21-week pragmatic trial did not find any significant lasting effect of the cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on total symptoms of schizophrenia compared to treatment as usual, although improvements were detected [3]. Pharmacological augmentation of clozapine included amisulpride (results were not significant), memantine (positive effects, but the trial included a small number of patients), reboxetine (uncertain efficacy), ziprasidone (possible effective on negative and cognitive symptoms), aripiprazole (uncertain effect based on multiple trials), lamotrigine (not efficient), pimozide (not efficient), sertindole (no benefits detected, possible worsen psychosis in several cases), tetrabenazine (not effective), duloxetine (possible efficacy on negative and general psychopathology, but not on the executive cognitive functions), topiramate (no efficacy), valproic acid (possible efficacy, larger trials needed), risperidone (not efficient), donepezil (not efficient), mirtazapine (possible efficacy), sulpiride (possible efficacy in a subgroup of schizophrenia patients). Discussion Until now no single pharmacological augmentation strategy to clozapine has been proven superior to other in double-blind randomized, large-scale placebo-controlled data. Electroconvulsive therapy seems to be the only non-pharmacological technique with enough data to support its efficacy in ultra-resistant cases of schizophrenia. Other neuromodulatory techniques, like tDCS, are still in early phase of investigation, and psychotherapy does not have enough evidence to support its efficacy. References

Download Full-text

Caffeine Uptake into the Vitreous after Peroral Coffee Consumption

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000507026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 533-540

Author(s):

Christoph Leisser ◽

Thomas Stimpfl ◽

Manuel Ruiss ◽

Caroline Pilwachs ◽

Julius Hienert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Coffee Consumption ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Epiretinal Membranes ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Introduction: Caffeine and its metabolites have antioxidant activity, scavenging reactive oxygen species. The aim of our study was to measure caffeine concentrations in vitreous samples after peroral caffeine intake. Methods: This prospective study included patients scheduled for 23-G pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling due to epiretinal membranes. The study was performed in two parts: in the first part, patients were recruited into three different groups: group A consisted of habitual coffee drinkers who agreed to drink coffee containing 180 mg caffeine 1 h before surgery (n = 10), group B consisted of habitual coffee drinkers who were not offered coffee before surgery (n = 5), and group C consisted of non-habitual coffee drinkers, forming the control group (n = 5). In the second part (group D) patients (habitual coffee drinkers) agreed to give additional blood serum samples for measurement of caffeine concentration. Harvested samples of vitreous (groups A–D), epiretinal membranes (groups A–C), and blood serum samples (group D) were examined for concentrations of caffeine with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Samples of 40 eyes of 40 patients were harvested. The concentrations of caffeine in the vitreous samples were 1,998 ± 967 ng/mL in group A and 1,108 ± 874 ng/mL in group B. In group C, caffeine concentrations were below 176 ng/mL in all vitreous samples. Both groups A and B had significantly higher concentrations of caffeine in the vitreous samples than group C (p < 0.002, p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). Caffeine concentrations in epiretinal membranes were below the limits of detection. Correlation of caffeine concentrations between blood serum samples and vitreous samples in group D was high, with significantly higher caffeine concentrations in the blood serum. Conclusion: Coffee consumption leads to significant caffeine levels in the vitreous compared to patients in the control group, and caffeine concentrations in the vitreous showed a high correlation to blood serum concentrations of caffeine after peroral coffee consumption.

Download Full-text

POS0451 SERUM FETUIN-A AND VISFATIN LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DEPENDING ON DISEASE ACTIVITY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 455.2-456

Author(s):

Y. Akhverdyan ◽

В. Zavodovsky ◽

E. Papichev ◽

J. Polyakova ◽

L. Seewordova

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Average Level ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Fetuin A ◽

Grade Ii

Background:In recent years, the systemic effects of a number of cytokines have been actively studied, in particular, fetuin-A is considered a negative protein of the acute phase response, and visfatin, on the contrary, affects the activation of the cytokine cascade and has a pro-inflammatory effect. Taking into account that women suffer from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) more often, we investigated the levels of fetuin-A and visfatin in the blood serum of females in comparison with a group of healthy individuals and depending on the activity of the disease.Objectives:to study the levels of fetuin-A and visfatin in the blood serum of women suffering from RA, depending on the activity of the diseaseMethods:The study included 110 women with RA and 30 apparently healthy individuals. The inclusion criteria were: a diagnosis of RA verified based on the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology/European Anti-Rheumatic League (ACR/EULAR) 2010. The patients’ age ranged from 18 to 90 years. The control group included 30 conventionally healthy individuals. Serum fetuin-A and visfatin levels were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits. RA activity was determined by the DAS28-CRP index. Activity 0-I was in 33 (30%) patients, grade II in 67 (60.9%), grade III in 10 (9.09%) patients.Results:The normal level of fetuin-A was calculated using the formula M±2σ in the group of conventionally healthy individuals and ranged from 653.55 to 972.19 μg/ml. In patients with grade 0-I RA activity according to DAS28, the mean serum fetuin-A level was 843.92±130.73 μg/ml, in patients with grade II activity - 742.37±98.85 μg / ml, with III the degree of activity - 663.9±123.7 μg/ml (p<0.001).The average level of visfatin in the blood serum in healthy individuals was 2.43±0.17 ng/ml. The level of normal values of visfatin in healthy individuals, defined as M±2σ, ranged from 0 to 5.07 ng/ml. The average level of visfatin in patients with RA was 6.27±0.18 ng/ml, which is significantly higher than in healthy individuals (p<0.001).In patients with 0-I degree of RA activity according to DAS28, the average level of visfatin in blood serum was 4.94±0.02 ng/ml, in patients with degree II activity - 5.08±0.02 ng/ml, with III degree of activity - 6.82±0.23 ng/ml (p<0.001).Conclusion:Thus, the level of fetuin-A in the blood serum of patients with RA is significantly lower in the case of a high degree of disease activity. The level of visfatin in the blood serum in women with RA is significantly higher in patients with a higher degree of disease activity. Therefore, the concentration values of fetuin-A and visfatin in the blood serum of patients with RA can be used in an integrated assessment of the prognosis of disease activity.References:[1]Inoue K, Ikeda Y, Yamanaka S, et al. Serum fetuinA levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [abstract]. Atherosclerosis. 2002;9(Suppl 1):233. doi: 10-1016/s1567-5688(08)70930-9[2]Janssens K, ten Dijke P, Janssens S, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 to the bone. Endocrine Reviews. 2005;26(6):743-74. doi:10.1210/er.2004-0001[3]Polyakova J, Korolik O, Papichev E, et al. The role of «new» cytokines in the pathogenesis rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 78(2): 1497Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Download Full-text

Interleukin-31 new biomarker of infectious skin diseases

The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Medicine" ◽

10.26565/2313-6693-2021-42-04 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Herpesvirus Infection ◽

Infectious Skin Diseases

Introduction. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the long-term prognosis of AIDS patients, but opportunistic infections can still be life-threatening for this population. Among them, a large group constitutes of herpesvirus infections, which are frequent manifest forms of dermatological manifestations of HIV. The researching of IL-31, as a prospective diagnostic predictor of dermatological diseases, has been actively conducted in recent years. This is due to the interest in its biological action, which extends primarily to the skin. Тhe identification of molecular targets underlying inflammatory and infectious dermatoses is promisingly for the development of new, targeted treatments. Objective: to study the role of IL-31 in the immunopathogenesis of herpesvirus infections associated with HIV infection. Research objectives: 1) to compare the levels of IL-31 in the blood serum in patients with herpesvirus skin diseases associated with HIV infection and in healthy subjects; 2) to determine the presence of a relationship between the levels of IL-31 in the blood serum and the clinical stage of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included patients with herpesvirus infection caused by HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV-3, EBV and HHV-8 associated with HIV infection and healthy individuals. Serum IL-31 levels were measured by ELISA using commercial kits (Human IL-31 ELISA Kit, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA). Were collected the baseline clinical characteristics, assessment of the activity of the infectious process and the degree of immunosuppression. Results. Our study involved 39 patients with herpesvirus infection associated HIV and 31 patients of the control group. In patients with herpesvirus infection against the background of HIV infection, the average level of IL-31 in the blood serum was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects. Serum IL-31 levels in patients with herpesvirus infection did not differ significantly depending on the severity of the process and the degree of immunosuppression. Conclusion. The levels of IL-31 in the blood serum of patients with herpesvirus infection were differed by statistically significant validity in comparison with similar indicators of healthy individuals, which confirms its role in the pathogenesis of infectious skin diseases.

Download Full-text