scholarly journals Specific features of pathology of gastro-duodenal zone organs in children of preschool and junior school ag

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
School Age ◽  
Intragastric Ph ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Endoscopic Picture ◽  
Ph Metry

Pathology of organs of gastrointestinal tract - one of constituents of serious problem of health of child's population, that has certain features in the different age-related groups. The aim of this study was to analyse structure and features of pathology of organs of gastro-duodenal zone for the children of preschool and junior school age in the conditions of work of general somatic permanent establishment. Materials and methods. The results of child's gastroenterologist’s and endoscopist’s cabinet’ work at the SI “Institute of children and adolescences health care of National Academy of Medical Science” of Kharkiv were analysed for the last five years. 107 children were inspected in age from 5 to 10 years for this time. Upper endoscopy and intragastric pH-metry were conducted to all children. Results. Peculiarities of the clinical picture in children were the presence of abdominal pain of moderate intensity with localization in the epigastric region. When analyzing the nature of sex-dependent pain, it was found that early pain was predominant in boys, while late pain was more common in girls. Of the dyspeptic complaints, nausea was the most frequent, with 37.4 ± 4.6% of children complaining. When analyzing the endoscopic picture, it should be noted that pathological changes were more often registered in the age group of 8-10 years. When performing intragastric pH-metry hyperacidity was detected 2 times more often than normoacidity. Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract predominated in preschool children. According to the results of ultrasound of the gallbladder, the presence of gallbladder inflection was found in almost all subjects, and also more than half of this inflection was combined with bladder enlargement. Conclusions: 1. the children of preschool age have atrophic and destructive forms of defeat of mucous membrane of stomach and duodenum considerably rarer; 2. for children 7-8 years old, mainly children who study at school first year, more often there are agile violations, atrophic and destructive forms of defeat of mucous membrane of stomach and duodenum, that, probably, it is related to influence of stress factor; 3. children of preschool and junior school age have the united character of motion, that it is important to take into account at the choice of further tactics of conduct and treatment of patient.

Constipation in patients with comorbidity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.А. Лялюкова ◽  
Е.Н. Логинова
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Age Related

Пациенты пожилого и старческого возраста в силу физиологических причин и коморбидной патологии имеют высокий риск развития запора. Причиной запора чаще всего являются алиментарные факторы и возраст-ассоциированные заболевания и повреждения толстой кишки (дивертикулярная болезнь, ишемия толстой кишки, ректоцеле, геморрой и другие); метаболические, эндокринные расстройства и неврологические заболевания. Возрастные анатомические, структурные и функциональные изменения пищеварительной системы вносят свой вклад в развитие запоров у пожилых. У пациентов «серебряного возраста» отмечено увеличение длины желудочно-кишечного тракта, прогрессирование атрофических, склеротических изменений слизистой и подслизистой оболочки, снижение количества секреторных клеток, замещение мышечных волокон соединительной тканью и др. Все это способствует замедлению транзита по желудочно-кишечному тракту и нарушению акта дефекации. Образ жизни пожилых людей также может способствовать развитию запора. Низкое содержание в рационе клетчатки, употребление преимущественно термически обработанной пищи, нарушение ритма питания (прием пищи 1-2 раза в день) являются одной из причин возникновения запоров у пожилых, чему способствуют трудности при жевании вследствие стоматологических проблем. Колоноскопия показана всем пациентам пожилого и старческого возраста с запором, а выявление «симптомов тревоги» необходимо проводить при каждом визите пациента. Вне зависимости от причины вторичного запора, все пациенты должны осуществлять ряд мер немедикаментозного характера, включающих изменение образа жизни, диету с включением достаточного количества клетчатки и потребление жидкости. Физические методы лечения могут включать лечебную гимнастику, массаж толстой кишки для стимуляции моторной активности кишечника в определенное время. При неэффективности немедикаментозных мероприятий рекомендуется использование осмотических слабительных, а также средств, увеличивающих объем каловых масс. Высокая эффективность и безопасность псиллиума позволяет рекомендовать его в лечении хронического запора у пожилых пациентов. Elderly and senile patients, due to physiological reasons and comorbid pathology, have a high risk of constipation. The causes of constipation are more often nutritional factors and age-associated diseases and damage to the colon (diverticular disease, colon ischemia, rectocele, hemorrhoids, and others); metabolic, endocrine disorders and neurological diseases. Age-related anatomical, structural and functional changes in the digestive system contribute to the development of constipation in the elderly. In patients of «silver age», there was an increase in the length of the gastrointestinal tract, the progression of atrophic, sclerotic changes in the mucous and submucosa, a decrease in the number of secretory cells, replacement of muscle fibers with connective tissue, etc. All this contributes to the slowing down of transit through the gastrointestinal tract and the violation of the act of defecation. Elderly lifestyles can also contribute to constipation. The low fiber content in the diet, the use of mainly thermally processed food, the violation of the rhythm of the diet (eating 1-2 times a day) are one of the causes of constipation in the elderly, which is facilitated by difficulty in chewing due to dental problems. Colonoscopy is ordered for all elderly and senile patients with constipation, and the identification of «anxiety symptoms» should be carried out at each patient visit. Regardless of the cause of secondary constipation, all patients should take a number of non-pharmacological measures, including lifestyle changes, a diet with adequate fiber, and fluid intake. Physical therapies may include medical gymnastics, colon massage to stimulate bowel movement at specific times. If non-drug measures are ineffective, it is recommended to use osmotic laxatives, as well as agents that increase the volume of feces. Psyllium supplementation is recommended for treatment of chronic constipation in elderly patients due to its high efficacy and safety.

scholarly journals Anger in infancy and its implications: History of attachment in mother–child and father–child relationships as a moderator of risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1353-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Brock ◽  
Grazyna Kochanska
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Age ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
School Age ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Early School ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early School Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractGrowing research has documented distinct developmental sequelae in insecure and secure parent–child relationships, supporting a model of early attachment as moderating future developmental processes rather than, or in addition to, a source of direct effects. We explored maladaptive developmental implications of infants’ anger proneness in 102 community families. Anger was assessed in infancy through observations in the Car Seat episode and parents’ ratings. Children's security with parents was assessed in the Strange Situation paradigm at 15 months. At preschool age, child negativity (defiance and negative affect) was observed in interactions with the parent, and at early school age, oppositionality was rated by parents and teachers. Security was unrelated to infant anger; however, it moderated associations between infant anger and future maladaptive outcomes, such that highly angry infants embarked on a negative trajectory in insecure, but not in secure, parent–child dyads. For insecure, but not secure, mother–child dyads, infants’ mother-rated anger predicted negativity at preschool age. For insecure, but not secure, father–child dyads, infants’ anger in the Car Seat predicted father- and teacher-rated oppositional behavior at early school age. Results highlight the developmentally complex nature of the impact of attachment, depending on the relationship with mother versus father, type of measure, and timing of effects.

What colour is the car? Implicit memory for colour information in children

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mecklenbräuker ◽  
Almut Hupbach ◽  
Werner Wippich
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Age Related

Three experiments were conducted to examine age-related differences in colour memory. In Experiment 1, preschool age and elementary school age children were given a conceptual test of implicit colour memory (a colour-choice task). They were presented with the names or achromatic versions of previously studied coloured line drawings and asked to select an appropriate colour. Significant priming could be demonstrated: The children chose the previously seen colours more often than was expected by chance. Equivalent priming was found for both versions (pictorial and verbal) suggesting that colour priming may be conceptually mediated. Moreover, colour priming proved to be age invariant. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this finding by using a wider age group (preschool, elementary school, and young adults) and by giving a perceptual implicit task (picture identification) in addition to a verbal colour-choice task. Colour did not affect priming in the perceptual task. Whereas priming showed no developmental change, age related improvements were observed on an explicit colour memory task that differed only in the test instructions from the implicit colour-choice task (Experiments 2 and 3). Taken together, the results suggest that implicit colour memory may be mediated by conceptual processes that are age invariant.

scholarly journals Xantomatosis. Xanthomas of the stomach

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
O. B. Dronova ◽  
E. V. Kolesnikova ◽  
A. N. Neverov ◽  
S. V. Petrov ◽  
S. V. Miroshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Age Related

The article presents some information about xanthomatosis, as well as about xanthomas of the stomach, which are benign formations, but their etiopathogenesis is unknown. Some believe that there is a relationship between xanthomas of the stomach and hyperlipidymia, diabetes, preneoplastic changes in the mucous membrane, age-related features of the gastric mucosa.The clinical case described in this report confi rms the existing point of view about xanthomas as markers of preneopastic changes in the gastric mucosa and its precancerous diseases.

scholarly journals Age-related aspects of parasitic morbidity among children in Perm

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
E. A. Kochergina ◽  
Yu. N. Proskurnova ◽  
M. O. Gushchin
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Perm Region

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of the incidence of helminthiasis among children, who live in the city of Perm. Materials and methods. We have retrospectively analyzed the monthly reports of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Perm Region for 20152020. These reports include the dynamics of the incidence of helminthiasis among four age groups of children: from 1 month to 2 years, 36 years, 714 and 1517 years. Results. Enterobiosis, ascariasis and toxocarosis predominate in the structure of the morbidity in the city of Perm. We found that over the past five years, there has been an increase in the incidence of enterobiosis by 16 %, but the increase in the incidence of ascariasis and toxocarosis reduced 18 and 25 %, respectively. The rate of decline remains insufficient and the incidence of enterobiosis exceeds the All-Russian one by 2.8 times, ascariasis by 2.7 times and toxocarosis by 4.3 times in comparison with the incidence of parasitic infestations in the Russian Federation. We found that the peak incidence of each nosology falls on the preschool age from 3 to 6 years. Just at this age period, children enter organized groups for the first time, get acquainted with the world through "taste it" and have low sanitary skills. Conclusions. A routine parasitic screening is effective, since in 2020, more than a half of sick children in Perm were identified during preventive examinations (65.7 %) and only in 34.3 % of cases the diagnosis of parasitic infestation was established on the basis of clinical data.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF INFLUENCE RISK FACTORS ON ERUPTION SECOND TEETH OF CHILDREN IN VLADIVOSTOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Anna Yatsenko ◽  
Lidiya Trankovskaya ◽  
Yury Pervov ◽  
Olga Gritsina ◽  
Elena Anischenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
School Age ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Continuous Work

Subject. The research of influence risk factors is conducted on secondary dentition of the children's population of the region. The share contribution is established habitat factors in an indicator of a tooth maturity of children. Purpose — studying influences of risk factors on secondary dentition of children in Vladivostok. Methodology. Dental maturity was assessed by the eruption time of permanent teeth and their number. Factors of pregnancy and childbirth, early childhood, medical and biological factors, social and hygienic factors characterizing living conditions, as well as hygienic-regulated factors of lifestyle by means of questionnaires of parents (guardians) of children have been studied. The hygienic assessment of the actual food was carried out by means of determination of average amount of the studied food ingredients of diets of children preschool age according to the menu apportions and specially developed questionnaires, children younger school age – by questioning of parents (trustees) of children. Results. It was revealed that the central incisors were the first in children of both sexes on the lower jaw, and the first molars on the upper jaw. Girls had earlier eruption through permanent teeth. Potential risk factors of disturbance of eruption are established second teeth of children of preschool and younger school age. Are revealed imbalance of food of children, non-performance of the recommended volume physical activity and duration of walks, discrepancy of duration day dream to hygienic recommendations and continuous work on the computer, tablet, notebook. Dependences between studied potential are defined risk factors and tooth maturity of children. Identification causal is carried out investigative bonds in the system of factors of the habitat and eruption of constants teeth of children. It is established that the maximum influence on an indicator of a tooth maturity render: nutrient structure of food allowances of the child, food of women in time pregnancies, the hygienic normalized factors of a way of life of children. Conclusions. Share contribution of each of factors to forming of a tooth maturity of a children's organism allowed to prove and develop a complex of actions for prevention scientifically disturbances of health among the children's population of the region.

scholarly journals Сase-technologies in practice-oriented training of future teachers of preschool and primary general education

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 00036
Author(s):  
N.A. Gushchina ◽  
V.N. Zinovieva ◽  
I.V. Mikityuk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
General Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Case Technologies ◽  
Primary School Age

The article deals with the problem of convergence of fundamental pedagogical education in higher education and real pedagogical practice in preschool organizations and primary schools for the formation of children’s cognitive activity. The article presents the experience of testing pedagogical conditions for the use of case technologies in preparing future teachers for the process of forming prerequisites for cognitive activity in preschool age and cognitive universal educational actions in primary school age.

scholarly journals Italian adaptation of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Chiara Levorato ◽  
Maja Roch
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
School Age ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Narrative Competence ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Italian Context

This paper presents the Italian version of the Multilingual Assessment tool for Narratives (MAIN), describes how it was developed and reports on some recent uses of MAIN within the Italian context. The Italian MAIN has been used in different research projects and for clinical purposes; results have been presented at conferences and in peer reviewed papers. The results indicate that MAIN is an appropriate assessment tool for evaluating children’s narrative competence, in production and comprehension from preschool age (5 years) to school age (8 years) in typical language development, bilingual development and language delay/disorders.

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