scholarly journals THE EXPRESSION OF NATION-BUILDING AND THE CHARACTER-BUILDING SPIRIT AS FORMS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AS OBSERVED IN THE ISTIQLAL MOSQUE’S ARCHITECTURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 399-412
Author(s):  
Iqbal Ardiansyah; C. Sudianto Aly
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
State Level ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Visual Composition ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Character Building

Abstract- A political regime generally possesses an identity and has insight into nationally idealistic cultural values. Its expression can be observed in the art and physical architecture that blossoms in its era. This insight gives birth to national identity. The formation of national identity itself originated from several dimensions, namely the sub-national dimension, the personal dimension, and the supra-national dimension. In the transition between the Netherland-East Indies and the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia as a new country possessed ideals in the formation of physical architectures that can represent its national identity. This insight is realized in detail within nation-building and character-building ideas within several mega-projects pioneered by the Old-Order government. One of them was the Istiqlal Mosque as a national house of worship. The expression of Istiqlal Mosque architecture cannot be separated from the dimensions of national identity formation in architecture. The focus of this research is on the observation of Istiqlal Mosque architecture. Indicators of the national identity’s expression in Istiqlal Mosque architecture are: the discussion of national-identity dimensions in architecture (national-identity dimension – sub-national dimension, national-identity dimension – personal identity and national-identity dimension- supra-national identity). The discussions of expression in architecture that can be achieved through visual composition formation are (a) domination, (b) repetition, and (C) continuity in composition of one architectural object. The object of architecture was further examined, arranged by form and material, general design principles, contextual relations, and physical, semantic and spatial organization of an architectural object. The Istiqlal Mosque is one example of an architectural product from the previous political regime that can profoundly and critically sharpen our thoughts concerning the Indonesian nation’s identity on the national and state level. Keywords: national identity, nation-building and character-building, sub-national dimension, personal dimension, supra-national dimension, Istiqlal Mosque

scholarly journals Longitudinal change in East Timorese tertiary student attitudes to national identity and nation building, 2002-2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 168 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 219-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leach
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Tertiary Student ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Timor Leste

The attitudes of the tertiary students who are likely to comprise the next generation of leaders are pivotal to understanding the challenges of nation-building and national identity formation in post-conflict settings such as Timor-Leste. This article examines post-independence debates over national identity in Timor-Leste, presenting the findings of a longitudinal survey (Dili, 2002, 2007 and 2010) of East Timorese tertiary student attitudes to national identity. In particular, in the wake of the 2006 political-military crisis, the paper examines the evidence for differences in attitudes between students from eastern and western districts, concluding that the few significant differences in attitudes peaked in the 2007 survey, and were associated with the overt politicization of regional identity within Dili, and concerns over post-independence leadership, rather than any genuine ‘ethnic’ or ‘regional’ variation in attitudes. The paper also examines significant changes in some youth attitudes since independence, including a significant increase in the acceptance of the co-official status of the Portuguese language in the tertiary student demographic since the early years of independence. The survey also highlights the ongoing importance of tradition and adat in understandings of political community, but reveals significant gender differences in attitudes towards the role of traditional authorities.

scholarly journals Neglect of Cyrillic and its continued survival

Bastina ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Marko Milović
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Latin Letter

Ultimately, this article should not be taken as an appeal against a Latin letter, nor should the author's intention to ban or restrict the use of this letter. The main goal is that the Latin letter in the areas where the Serbian people live cannot be primary, but should be used only as required by the Serbian Constitution, as well as the still applicable Law on the Official Use of Languages and Letters in the Republic of Serbia. Giving up your own letter (Cyrillic) is a sign of the lack of awareness of the need to nurture its own cultural values, preserve national identity and its characteristics. It also points to a lower-value complex and a misconception that moving away from ourselves will bring us closer to others. One should also remember the words of our writer Laze M. Kostić that "with the emergence of Cyrillic, Serbs were culturally created, with its renunciation they would culturally disappear. They would cease to exist as an independent nation, an independent cultural individuality". Neither will the laws of Cyrillic or not sufficiently and desirably, unless we just change our awareness of it. Only in this way can we correct the mistakes of the not-so-distant past (from the second half of the 20th century), and learn the not to give up Cyrillic for any purposes, ideals, possibly future state unions and the aforementioned brotherhood and unity.

scholarly journals Dietary traditions of ethnic communities of Belarus in relation to the national identity formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Bunkevici ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Identity Problem ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Identity Formation

Innovations in dietary traditions of the dwellers of the Republic of Belarus in contemporary period (late XX – early XXI) are in focus. Some directions in such innovations are shown; the role by crossborder migration influences is noted. The national identity problem is also discussed.

scholarly journals General Patterns and National Features of the Identity Formation in the Post-Soviet Space: the Experience of Moldova

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-173
Author(s):  
A. Dobrovolskaya
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Linear Wave ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Masses

The article discusses the processes of searching for the national identity of the Republic of Moldova during the post-communist transit. The conditions in which the reforms took place in the country and the factors that influenced the directions and priorities of the development of Moldavian society are analyzed. It is shown that the processes of the formation of a political nation in the Republic proceeded in an environment of socio-political crises and conflicts, fluctuations in domestic and foreign policy and had a non-linear wave-like character. The search for national identity in Moldova was accompanied by the emergence of ideological, political and value splits in the political elite and among the masses of Moldavian society, which intensified and softened with a certain frequency. It is stated that the Republic of Moldova is practically the only country in Europe where identification differences were a determining factor in the polarization of political forces, and identity conflicts became a significant factor in political mobilization. It is noted that the incompleteness of the process of national self-identification in Moldova is largely determined by external factors, as a result of which the state acts as an object of influence of more significant subjects of international politics. It is concluded that although the political system of the Republic of Moldova supports the existence of democratic trends, the achievement of value consensus through the creation of a broad dialogue in the public space and general civil discourse remains an urgent task for the national elites. The experience of the political transit of the Republic of Moldova has confirmed the fact that during the formation of political nations there are frequent cases when the confrontation of symbols, meanings and historical dates does not occur between different states, but takes place within society itself. Moldova has become a classic example of an identification split that divides the country into East and West, North and South, whose residents appeal to different versions of national history.

scholarly journals Citizenship, National Identity, and Nation-Building in Azerbaijan: Between the Legacy of the Past and the Spirit of Independence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ayça Ergun
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Citizenship Identity

Abstract The aim of this article is to shed light on the process of nation-building and the formation of national identity in post-Soviet Azerbaijan. The peculiarity of Azerbaijani nation-building is that the debates on how to build a nation and define national identity were nourished by two discourses: Azerbaijanism (Azerbaycançılıq) and Turkism (Tűrkçűlűk). The article focuses firstly on the discourses on national identity and nation-building in the pre-independence period while elaborating on the roots and premises of the nationalist independence movement. Secondly, it highlights the discourses of nation-building in the post-independence period while discussing the meanings attributed to national identity and nationhood. It shows how these two discourses shaped the existing identity formation in Azerbaijan with a particular emphasis on citizenship identity, marked by multiculturalism, hospitality, tolerance, and patriotism. Yet one can still categorize the country as having an incomplete nation-building process, due the violation of territorial integrity as a result of the Karabakh conflict.

scholarly journals Nomads, warriors and bureaucrats: nation-building and film in post-Soviet Kazakhstan

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Building Process ◽  
A Site ◽  
Modern Perspective

Nation-building is a process which is often contested, not just among different ethnicities within a nation-state, but also among the titular ethnic majority. This article explores the contested nature of the nation-building process in post-Soviet Kazakhstan through examining cinematic works. Utilizing a post-modern perspective which views nations and national identity as invented, imagined and ambivalent it identifies four discursive strands within recent post-Soviet Kazakh cinema pertaining to nationhood and national identity (ethno-centric, civic, religious and socioeconomic). Rather than viewing government-sponsored efforts of identity formation in cinema as a top-down process in which the regime transmits its version of nationhood and identity, the discursive strands revealed in this article illustrate there are varying understandings of what constitutes the nation and national identity in Kazakh cinematic works. Furthermore, the strand which focuses on the socioeconomic tensions of modern nation-building in Kazakhstan uncovers how film is used as a site for dissent and social critique of Kazakhstan's modern political condition. What the article illuminates is how discourses related to nation-building can be both competing and complementary and that nation-building is a fluid and transgressive process in which among the titular majority there is no fixed unambiguous understanding of nationhood and national identity.

Signs of National Identity in the Graphic Design of Cypriot Print Advertisements

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-349
Author(s):  
Evripides Zantides ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Print Advertisements ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Verbal Messages ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus

The current study seeks to identify signs of national identity through the design of commercial print advertisements in the Republic of Cyprus. Based on semiotic analysis of socio-cultural perspectives, the paper explores the relationship between images and texts, not only in terms of nonverbal and verbal messages, but also through typography and layout. In doing so, it also focuses on a case study of print advertisements designed for Laiko Kafekopteio (People’s Coffee). The research falls under the constructivist conception of national identity and explores the reading of advertisements as part of commercial nationalism in everyday life. While the findings of the study depict different cultural values and characteristics of the Cypriot national identity, they also portray how the socio-political development of the island is reflected in the design of the advertisements.

scholarly journals Nation-building under the societal security dilemma: The case of Macedonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Sazdovski
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Identity Threats ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Building Project

In 2009, the Government of the Republic of Macedonia announced the Skopje 2014 Project, a project that envisioned an urban reconstruction of the city through a series of monuments of historical and religious figures, as well as various public buildings resembling neo-classical, or neo-baroque style. The Project was the culmination of a wider nation-building project initiated several years earlier that became known as 'antiquisation' that sought to reconstruct and redefine Macedonian national identity, in which the uppermost importance was given to the figure of Alexander the Great. The nation-building project stressed a linear continuity of Macedonian national identity from antiquity to the present thereby emphasizing the nation's unceasing existence and affirmation throughout the centuries. But what were the underlying causes that shaped the nation-building project? How have historical, political and other factors influenced the nation-building project in Macedonia? And why was ancient Macedonia chosen as the narrative around which the nation-building project could take place? These are the questions that the present article will attempt to answer. The aim of this article is to examine the complex interplay between security policy and nation-building, in the Macedonian context. More specifically, it will argue that the current nation-building project in Macedonia has been developed as a response to internal and external perceived identity threats. Namely, ever since declaring independence the Republic of Macedonia has been facing a double societal security dilemma - an external, stemming from the country's immediate neighbors who constantly dispute the existence of a distinct Macedonian national identity, and an internal reflected in the constant challenges of the character of the State, by the country's ethnic Albanian community. In response, the nation-building project sought to address these concerns.

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