scholarly journals Research on 16Mo3 steel pipe overlaid with superalloys Inconel 625 using robotized PPTAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Artur Czupryński
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Nickel Superalloy ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Primary Crystals

The article presents research on the development of technology and mechanical properties of a 16Mo3 steel tube overlaid with Inconel 625 nickel superalloy using robotized Plasma Powder Transferred Arc Welding (PPTAW) process. Based on the results of non-destructive, metallographic and microscopic observations, chemical composition, thickness and hardness measurements of overlays optimal technological parameters for working in elevated temperature environment were selected. The performedtest has shown the correct structure of the overlay weld without welding imperfections. The examined padding weld was characterized by a dendritic structure with primary crystals growing in the direction of heat removal. It has been stated that in the range of heat input to base material 277÷514 J/mm, the iron content in the surface zone of 1,5 mm padding weld ranges from 4 to 5,5%. od 4 do 5,5%.

scholarly journals Research on 16Mo3 (16M) Steel Pipes Overlaid with Haynes Nicro625 Alloy Using MIG (131) Method / Badania Rur Ze Stali 16Mo3 (16M) Napawanych Metodą MIG (131) Stopem Haynes Nicro625

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2521-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Golański ◽  
M. Lachowicz ◽  
J. Słania ◽  
J. Jasak ◽  
P. Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Primary Crystals ◽  
Correct Structure

The paper presents the research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a pipe made of 16Mo3 steel, overlaid with superalloy based on Haynes NiCro625 nickel. The overlay weld was overlaid using the MIG (131) method. The performed macro - and microscopic tests have shown the correct structure of the overlay weld without any welding unconformities. The examined overlay weld was characterized by a dendritic structure of the primary crystals accumulating towards the heat removal. It has been proved that the content of iron in the surface zone does not exceed 7%, and the steel-superalloy joint shows the highest properties in comparison with the materials joined.

Premature Failure of Gas Turbine Blade

2011 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Z. Sajuri ◽  
A.R. Said ◽  
M.L. Ibrahim ◽  
Junaidi Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Nickel Superalloy ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Failure Investigation ◽  
Tcp Phases ◽  
Microstructure Examination ◽  
Blade Failure ◽  
Non Destructive

A set of first stage stationary blade of gas turbine was prematurely replaced due to severe cracking after 5,000 hours in operation. Failure investigation was conducted on damaged blades by non-destructive penetrant inspection, microstructure examination, chemical analysis, hardness mapping and fracture surface observation. The blade material, verified as IN738LC nickel superalloy, exhibited presence of elongated grain boundary carbides, TCP phases formation, and grain boundary creep void on the airfoil. Morphology of γ' precipitation, however, was normal throughout the blade with size of approximately 1μm and no significant coarsening. Presence of welding structure and possible brazing layer on the airfoil was detected suggesting that the blade was previously refurbished. Primary crack occurred on previous welding repair and propagated in transgranular mode. It was concluded that the blade failure was caused by improper welding repair despite evidence of base material degradation.

GTAW Welded Inconel 625 Alloy Fuel Cladding for the Canadian SCWR: Microstructure and Mechanical Property Characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Cota-Sanchez ◽  
Lin Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Reactor Fuel ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Fuel Cladding ◽  
Inconel 625 Alloy

Abstract Inconel 625 is considered one of the candidate materials for reactor fuel cladding in the Canadian supercritical water reactor (SCWR) design. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is being evaluated as a joining technique for SCWR fuel cladding since this method is widely used to join components in the power and nuclear industry. During the GTAW process, the welding thermal cycle produces different types of microstructures in both the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ) that affect the material's mechanical properties. A series of welding experiments at various weld conditions were performed using an automatic GTAW orbital process on Inconel 625 alloy tubing. Simple analytical heat conduction and grain growth models were developed to predict weld temperature profiles and metallurgical transformations. Weld characterization included mechanical tests, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) elemental analysis, and microhardness measurements. Weld microstructural characterization revealed that a characteristic dendritic structure was formed in the FZ, while the HAZ exhibited larger equiaxed grains than those found in the base material. SEM-EDS analysis showed no distinct alloying element segregation in both the HAZ and FZ. Welds produced with heat inputs of about 3.00 kJ/cm3 presented similar mechanical properties as those observed in the base material. In these welds, grain growth was homogenously minimized in the FZ. It is concluded that the effective welding heat input control can optimize the weld microstructure and the weld mechanical properties in Inconel 625 tubing used as Canadian SCWR reactor fuel cladding.

scholarly journals Analysis of Welded Joint Properties on an AISI316L Stainless Steel Tube Manufactured by SLM Technology

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Mohyla ◽  
Jiri Hajnys ◽  
Kristýna Sternadelová ◽  
Lucie Krejčí ◽  
Marek Pagáč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Stainless Steel Tube ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Material Defects ◽  
Joint Properties ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Positive Effect

This work is focused on the analysis of the influence of welding on the properties and microstructure of the AISI316L stainless steel tube produced by 3D printing, specifically the SLM (Selective Laser Melting) method. Both non-destructive and destructive tests, including metallographic and fractographic analyses, were performed within the experiment. Microstructure analysis shows that the initial texture of the 3D print disappears toward the fuse boundary. It is evident that high temperature during welding has a positive effect on microstructure. Material failure occurred in the base material near the heat affected zone (HAZ). The results obtained show the fundamental influence of SLM technology in terms of material defects, on the properties of welded joints.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis and Optimisation of Data for the Design and Evaluation of the Shear Spinning Process

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6099
Author(s):  
Sandra Puchlerska ◽  
Krzysztof Żaba ◽  
Jarosław Pyzik ◽  
Tomasz Pieja ◽  
Tomasz Trzepieciński
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nickel Superalloy ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Shear Spinning

This work proposes a research method that is a scheme that can be universally applied in problems based on the selection of optimal parameters for metal forming processes. For this purpose, statistical data optimisation methods were used. The research was based on the analysis of the shear spinning tests performed in industrial conditions. The process of shear spinning was conducted on the components made of Inconel 625 nickel superalloy. It was necessary to select the appropriate experimental plan, which, by minimising the number of trials, allowed one to draw conclusions on the influence of process parameters on the final quality of the product and was the starting point for their optimisation. The orthogonal design is the only design for three factors at two levels, providing non-trivial and statistically significant information on the main effects and interactions for the four samples. The samples were analysed for shape and dimensions using an Atos Core 200 3D scanner. Three-dimensional scanning data allowed the influence of the technological parameters of the process on quality indicators, and thus on the subsequent optimisation of the process, to be determined. The methods used proved to be effective in the design, evaluation and verification of the process.

Pad Welding of Inconel 625 Layer on Structural Steel Used in the Power Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Władysław Osuch ◽  
Grzegorz Michta ◽  
Adam Kruk
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Titanium Nitrides ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Complex Carbides ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Due to aggressive gases produced during combustion process of biomass, some elements of the power boiler should be covered with a material that possesses very high corrosion resistance (e.g. Inconel 625). This paper presents results of microstructural studies of Inconel 625 padding weld on waterwall elements (made of 13CrMo4-5 steel) for steam boiler designed for biomass combustion. The microstructural studies were carried out using Scanning- as well as Transmission Electron Microscopy methods. The padded weld layer exhibited dendritic structure. In the weld layer γ phase with an increased dislocation density and stacking faults was observed. In the base material (13CrMo4-5 steel) titanium nitrides, complex carbides and Laves phase enriched in niobium were observed.

scholarly journals TEM Microstructure and Chemical Composition of Transition Zone Between Steel Tube and An Inconel 625 Weld Overlay Coating Produced by CMT Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rozmus-Górnikowska ◽  
M. Blicharski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Weld Overlay ◽  
Overlay Coating

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the microstructure and chemical composition of the transition zone between 16Mo3 steel and Inconel 625 weld overlay coating produced by the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) method. Investigations were primarily carried out through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on thin foils prepared by FIB (Focus Ion Beam).The chemical analysis demonstrated that the amount of certain elements (Fe, Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb) in the transition zone between the base material and the weld overlay changes quickly, from the composition of the steel to the composition of the composite zone. STEM and TEM investigations revealed that two areas are clearly visible in the transition zone. In the narrow band close to the fusion boundary where plates are clearly visible and theMstemperature is higher than room temperature, electron diffraction analyses show reflections of martensite and austenite. Moreover, the crystallographic relations between martensite and austenite can be described by the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) relationship$\{ 110\} _{\alpha '} ||\{ 111\} _\gamma < 1\bar 11 > _{\alpha '} || < 1\bar 10 > _\gamma $). The microstructure of the part of the transition zone with anMstemperature lower than room temperature as well as that of the composite zone is austenite. The investigations proved that the width of the martensitic area can be significantly limited by using the CMT technique for weld overlaying.

scholarly journals Electron beam welding of rectangular copper wires applied in electrical drives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Tóth ◽  
Jonas Hensel ◽  
Sven Thiemer ◽  
Philipp Sieber ◽  
Klaus Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Eb Welding ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Residual Oxygen ◽  
Ofe Copper

AbstractThe so-called hairpin winding technology, which is specially tailored to electrical traction components, deploys rectangular plug-in copper wires in the stator. The fusion welding of the adjacent wire ends is associated with challenges due to the high thermal conductivity as well as the porosity formation of the copper. During this study, the electron beam (EB) welding of electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) and oxygen-free electronic grade (OFE) copper connectors was investigated. Subsequently, the specimens underwent X-ray computed tomography (CT) and metallographic examinations to characterize the joints. It was discovered that the residual oxygen content of the base material is responsible for the pore formation. With only a very low level of oxygen content in the copper, a porosity- and spatter-free welding can be reproducibly realized using the robust EB welding technology, especially for copper materials. By optimizing the parameters accordingly, joints exhibiting a low level of porosity were achieved even in the case of the alloy containing a high amount of residual oxygen. Beyond this, detailed analyses in terms of pore distribution were carried out and a good correlation between technological parameters and welding results was determined.

State Analysis and Integrity of Welded Structures of the Upper Ring of the Turbine Runner Guide Vane Apparatus of Hydroelectric Generating Set A6 on Hydro Power Plant Djerdap 1

2013 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Arsić ◽  
Zoran Odanovic ◽  
Srdjan M. Bošnjak ◽  
Mladen Mladenović ◽  
Zoran Savić
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joints ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Magnetic Particle ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Crack Type ◽  
Turbine Runner ◽  
Lamellar Tearing ◽  
Non Destructive

During the refurbishment of the hydroelectric generating set A6 on HPP Djerdap 1, for the state analysis and assessment of the level and causes of degradation of the structure of the vertical Kaplan turbine runner guide vane apparatus non-destructive tests and inspections, as well as destructive tests of base material and welded joints, have been carried out after 40 years of service. Results of non-destructive tests performed on welded joints are presented in this paper (magnetic particle and ultrasonic inspection), as well as results of destructive tests of the base material and welded joints (testing of tensile properties, impact testing, metallographic analyses of the structure). A large number of crack type line indications were detected by magnetic particle inspections, while the occurrence of partial penetration in roots of welded joints was detected by ultrasonic inspections, as well as lamellar tearing of the base material. Tensile properties of tested samples taken in longitudinal and transverse direction fulfilled the requirements of the standard with certain deviations, which does not stand for samples taken in z-direction with significantly lower values of contraction of the cross-section than minimum prescribed values, which proves that base material is not resistant to the occurrence of lamellar cracks. Metallographic tests performed on specimens taken from the base material in longitudinal and transverse direction showed that the microstructure is stripe-shaped and ferrite-pearlite with non-metallic inclusions of oxide, sulphide, silicate and aluminate type, while metallographic tests performed on specimens taken from welded joints showed that their microstructure is stripe-shaped and ferrite-pearlite with non-metallic inclusions of oxide type. A large number of micro-and macro-cracks were detected in the microstructure as well. Experimental tests enabled the determination of the causes of occurrence of lamellar tearing in base material and crack type defects in welded joints, while analytical calculation that refers to the stress state enabled integrity of welded structure of the upper ring of the turbine runner guide vane apparatus.

The Study of Deformability of Heat-Resistant Alloy Named “Inconel Alloy 625” for Estimation of Plates Production Possibility at Wide-Strip Rolling “Mill 2300”

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita S. Deryabin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Strip Rolling ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Inconel Alloy ◽  
Alloy 625

The hot deformation behavior of the Inconel alloy 625 was investigated through compression test within the temperature range of 850–1250 °C and the strain rate range of 0.1–30 s−1. Physically based mathematical model involving dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization processes has been proposed. Mathematical model allowed to calculate technological parameters of a rolling process of the “Inconel 625” at the hot rolling mill 2300. The pilot rolling operations showed that the possibility of the “Inconel 625” production exists. But it is necessary to provide the design changes of the cooling system of the work rolls. The article addressed the cracking behavior of nickel alloys in industries such as chemical process, nuclear generation, aircraft engine production.

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