scholarly journals Policies and processes for human papillomavirus vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando De la Hoz Restrepo ◽  
Nelson Alvis Guzman ◽  
Alejandro De la Hoz Gomez ◽  
Cuauhtémoc Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Dose Scheme

Objectives. Three highly effective vaccines are available to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and they have been introduced in many countries around the world. This article describes advances and challenges in introducing HPV vaccines in the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods. We reviewed national and regional sources of information to identify LAC countries with and without universal HPV vaccination, along with the year of introduction, type of HPV vaccine, vaccination scheme, age groups targeted, and coverage level reached. Incidence rates of cervical cancer were compared across countries with and without an HPV vaccination program, in order to identify inequities in access to HPV vaccines. Results. So far, 10 LAC countries have supplied data on their vaccination policies and vaccination coverage rates to the Pan America Health Organization. The majority of those 10 started their vaccination programs using quadrivalent vaccine. Only Chile, Ecuador, and Mexico started their programs using a two-dose scheme. However, by the end of 2016, most of the other countries had switched from a three-dose to a two-dose scheme. Different age groups are targeted in the various programs. Some countries vaccinate one-year birth cohorts, while others vaccinate multiple-year birth cohorts. By the end of 2014, coverage with at least two doses ranged from a low of 2% to a high of 86%. With the exception of Venezuela, the LAC countries with the largest populations introduced universal HPV vaccination between 2010 and 2014. Despite the progress that has occurred in some LAC countries, there are still 10 LAC nations with cervical cancer rates above the LAC average (21.2 cases per 100 000) that have not introduced an HPV vaccine in their EPI.Conclusions. With several key adjustments, HPV vaccination programs across Latin America and the Caribbean could be substantially strengthened. Ongoing monitoring of HPV infection outcomes is needed in order to assess the impact of different vaccination policies.

Review of Evidence and Recommendation for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination of Canadian Males Over the Age of 26 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Derstenfeld ◽  
Kyle Cullingham ◽  
Zhuo Cai Ran ◽  
Ivan V. Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Control And Prevention

Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains the most common sexually transmitted infection with a lifetime incidence of over 75%. Based on US data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 64% of invasive HPV-associated cancers are attributable to HPV 16 or 18 (65% for females; 63% males) and may be prevented by vaccination with either the quadrivalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine. Public HPV vaccination programs are now the norm for women aged 9-45 years and men aged 9-26 years in Canada. Yet, only recently have guidelines begun to consider vaccination of men older than 26 years of age. There now exist compelling reasons to recommend vaccination against HPV amongst males >26 years of age. Recognizing that the risks posed by HPV infection persist beyond 26 years of age, that the vaccination of men aged 26-45 years with HPV vaccine confers immunogenicity at levels demonstrably efficacious against HPV-related diseases, and that the Food and Drug Administration recently expanded the HPV vaccination to include older men, it is argued that HPV vaccination in men older than 26 years of age should be routinely recommended.

scholarly journals HPV infection: in need of timely intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ankit Chaudhary ◽  
Vijay K. Barwal ◽  
Shaina Chamotra ◽  
Anjali Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Universal Immunization Program

<p class="abstract">Persistent infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) has been proved beyond doubt to be associated with the development of cervical cancer. One woman dies of cervical cancer every 8 minutes in India. As per estimations for the year 2018, about 96922 new cervical cancer cases are diagnosed annually in India and it ranks as the second most common female cancer in all age groups. But being an infectious cause it is possible to contain its development and transmission. Coupled with this, we have a potent vaccine to fight this infection. A well documented account of positive impact of HPV vaccination has been published in numerous studies around the globe. By 2013, its vaccination had been introduced in about fifty countries around the globe. In India also, recently, two HPV vaccination projects for operational feasibility were launched in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. In November 2016, Punjab became the first state in the country to include the vaccine in its universal immunization program. This era belongs to women empowerment and we cannot deny them the opportunity of good health. Hence it’s high time India introduces an effective HPV vaccination program.</p>

scholarly journals Awareness and knowledge of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine in prevention of cervical cancer among medical students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5026
Author(s):  
Radhika M. ◽  
Sadiqunissa Sadiqunissa ◽  
Mehfooza Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infection Risk Factors

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women in India. Identification and prevention of the pre-cancerous lesions helps to reduce the incidence of Carcinoma of cervix. The main aim of the study is to know the awareness and knowledge of HPV vaccine in prevention of cervical cancer among medical students.Methods: The study included 97 medical students (final year) studying in Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore. It is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study.Results: The results of awareness and knowledge about the HPV vaccine are interpreted in percentage. In this study, 76% of study subjects were aware that cancer cervix is preventable, 80% of the study subjects were aware about the association between the causation of cancer cervix by HPV. Majority of the study subjects about 72% ware about the vaccines for HPV but, awareness about the cost and efficacy of the vaccine was low only about 30% and 10% respectively. However, importantly students had a positive attitude to educate people regarding HPV vaccination and also to clear myths and misconceptions.Conclusions: Medical students should be educated regarding HPV infection, risk factors for causation of cervical cancer, screening methods which are available, HPV vaccines available in India and also about the efficacy and to motivate the society to have a positive attitude towards HPV vaccination by clearing the misconceptions regarding its information.

scholarly journals Human papilloma virus vaccination: knowledge, awareness and acceptability among medical and paramedical students

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Suchith Hoblidar ◽  
Suma S. Moni ◽  
Rathnamala M. Desai ◽  
Asha Neravi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in india. it is also one of the few malignancies where an infectious etiological agent human papilloma virus (HPV) has been identified. With the advent of HPV vaccination, it is possible to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with carcinoma cervix. But biggest hurdle to achieve this is the lack of awareness about the availability and use of HPV vaccine. This study was conducted to know knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and vaccination among medical and paramedical students. We also evaluated the acceptability and coverage of HPV vaccine among these students.Methods: This study was conducted among a total of 520 female students of the Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University with the help of a questionnaire. The study group included 207 MBBS students, 167 BDS students, 89 nursing students and 57 physiotherapy students.Results: Most of the students were in 18-20 years’ age group. Nearly 40.57% of the students knew that HPV is sexually transmitted and 29.80% were aware that this infection can be prevented. Availability of HPV vaccine was known to 75% of the students and the main source of their information was through their college teachings. Nearly 43.75% of the students knew HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer and 26.73% of the students were vaccinated. Overall knowledge and awareness were better among medical students.Conclusions: A lot of work needs to be done so as to make the target population accept HPV vaccine. There is a great difference between awareness of availability of the vaccine and its use. This emphasizes the need for health care professionals to take special interest in promoting this vaccine in the general population.

scholarly journals Single-dose HPV vaccination efficacy among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya (the KEN SHE Study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruanne V. Barnabas ◽  
Elizabeth R. Brown ◽  
Maricianah Onono ◽  
Elizabeth A. Bukusi ◽  
Betty Njoroge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
Meningococcal Vaccine ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer among women in Kenya and many sub-Saharan African countries. High coverage of HPV vaccination is a World Health Organization priority to eliminate cervical cancer globally, but vaccine supply and logistics limit widespread implementation of the current two or three dose HPV vaccine schedule. Methods We are conducting an individual randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether a single dose of the bivalent (HPV 16/18) or nonavalent (HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/6/11) HPV vaccine prevents persistent HPV infection, a surrogate marker for precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of immediate, single-dose bivalent or nonavalent vaccination with delayed HPV vaccination. Kenyan women age 15–20 years old are randomized to immediate bivalent HPV and delayed meningococcal vaccine (group 1), immediate nonavalent HPV vaccine and delayed meningococcal vaccine (group 2), or immediate meningococcal vaccine and delayed HPV vaccine (group 3) with 36 months of follow-up. The primary outcome is persistent vaccine-type HPV infection by month 18 and by month 36 for the final durability outcome. The secondary objectives include to (1) evaluate non-inferiority of antibody titers among girls and adolescents (age 9 to 14 years) from another Tanzanian study, the DoRIS Study (NCT02834637), compared to KEN SHE Study participants; (2) assess the memory B cell immune response at months 36 and 37; and (3) estimate cost-effectiveness using the trial results and health economic models. Discussion This study will evaluate single-dose HPV vaccine efficacy in Africa and has the potential to guide public health policy and increase HPV vaccine coverage. The secondary aims will assess generalizability of the trial results by evaluating immunobridging from younger ages, durability of the immune response, and the long-term health benefits and cost of single-dose HPV vaccine delivery. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03675256. Registered on September 18, 2018

scholarly journals Vaccination against HPV: Theoretical Aspects and Practical Results of Cervical Cancer Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
N. V. Zarochentseva ◽  
O. I. Trushina ◽  
E. G Novikova ◽  
I. I. Baranov ◽  
P. D. Lopukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Vaccination Programs

Relevance. Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be the focus of attention of oncologists all over the world due to the fact that the incidence of it over the past decades has not tended to decrease. The steady increase in morbidity, high mortality rates, and the tendency to «rejuvenate» the disease, the relatively low detection rate of the early stages of the disease due to poor results of cytological screening predetermine the search for new scientifically based approaches to solving cervical cancer problems. A promising direction for the prevention of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) is prophylactic vaccination against HPV, the need for which is due to the role of HPV infection in carcinogenesis processes.The aim of this article is to summarize the currently available data on advances in the prevention of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, primarily through vaccination against HPV infection.Conclusions. The creation of vaccines for the prevention of oncogenic HPV types is a significant achievement in the biomedical research area. The successful development of a group of vaccines, which can confidently be called the vaccines of the 21st century, gives us hope that modern medicine has the potential to reduce population cancer risk and reduce the likelihood of early onset of cervical cancer. Demonstration of the efficacy and feasibility of routine HPV vaccination programs in a number of countries demonstrates encouraging progress in solving cervical cancer problems. Vaccination against HPV will not only ensure epidemiological well-being, but also lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality from such a terrible complication of human papillomavirus infection – cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Pilot Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Moraros ◽  
Yelena Bird ◽  
David D. Barney ◽  
Sasha C. King ◽  
Matthew Banegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Parental Preferences ◽  
Willingness To Use

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the world and it is associated with cervical cancer. The development of a prophylactic HPV vaccine has proven effective in clinical trials and it is now available to the public. The HPV vaccine represents a viable prevention strategy against cervical cancer. However, parental preferences, perceptions, and willingness to use the HPV vaccine are crucial, and if not assessed accurately, may threaten the successful implementation of a broad HPV vaccination program. This pilot study explored the views of 60 adult, Mexican women, all of who were mothers of female children between the ages of ten to 14 years old on the following four areas of interest: HPV knowledge; HPV vaccine knowledge and attitudes; barriers to HPV vaccine use; and potential uses and side effects of the HPV vaccine. Only 7% of respondents knew that HPV was a virus or STI. Eighty-six percent had not heard of the HPV vaccine, but 62% felt that the HPV vaccine would prevent HPV infection. However, 38% said the church would not approve of the HPV vaccine use for 10-14-year-old girls. Twenty-seven percent thought that promiscuous behavior would increase following HPV vaccination. Overall, respondents had very little knowledge of the HPV vaccine, were willing to be vaccinated themselves (83%), but were lesser willing to vaccinate their daughters (63%). Ultimately, understanding the beliefs about and identifying the barriers of HPV vaccine use will influence the effectiveness of the vaccine and its potential impact in reducing cervical cancer incidence rates worldwide.

scholarly journals The Role of Vaccination Interventions to Promote HPV Vaccine Uptake Rates in a College-Aged Population: a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ou ◽  
Shawn D. Youngstedt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Aged Population

Abstract This systematic review provided synthesized evidence regarding the effectiveness of the interventions promoting the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in college-aged population. The HPV infection is the most prevailing sexually transmitted disease. Despite the availability and effectiveness of the 9-Valent HPV vaccine, the vaccine coverage among young adults remained low. In witness to the increasing burden of HPV-related infections and cancers, research focused on the vaccination interventions should be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the vaccination strategy and address the gap. The search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAL. Studies were included if they (1) included vaccination programs, (2) target population was young adults aged 17–26, (3) examined factors associated with the intervention effectiveness, (4) were published in English, and (5) were published between February 2010 and February 2020. HPV-related knowledge and intentions toward HPV vaccination were all reported increased after the intervention. Increased HPV vaccination intentions were found associated with the increased vaccine initiation and completion. Among bisexual or homosexual individuals, females were found more likely to complete the HPV dose 2 and 3. The review findings suggested using vaccination interventions incorporated with educational components to promote vaccine uptake among young adults. Supportive interventions tailored to different populations and settings are crucial to address the suboptimal HPV-related knowledge and vaccination status among the young beneficiaries.

scholarly journals HPV-associated cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Christoph Minichsdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening

SummaryHuman papilloma virus (HPV) is a DNA virus consisting of approximately 8000 base pairs. HPV represents the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Around 200 different genotypes exist. They are distinguished into low- and high-risk genotypes, depending on the risk of such HPV-associated lesions undergoing malignant transformation. The high-risk genotypes include HPV 16 and 18, which are responsible for a variety of human cancers. The most common malignancies that are associated with HPV infection are cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer and anal cancer. Screening for HPV precursor lesions in women has led to a drastic reduction in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in the last 30 years. Unfortunately no such screening tests are available for other HPV-associated malignancies. With the advent of HPV vaccination programs a marked decrease in the prevalence of HPV was reached in vaccinated individuals. However, since these programs were initiated around 2009 the full effect on the incidence of HPV-associated cancers cannot be fully estimated yet.

scholarly journals Burden of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Cancers Attributable to HPVs 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52 and 58

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia de Sanjosé ◽  
Beatriz Serrano ◽  
Sara Tous ◽  
Maria Alejo ◽  
Belén Lloveras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv E6 ◽  
Potential Impact

Abstract Background Many countries, mainly high- and upper-middle income, have implemented human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs, with 47 million women receiving the full course of vaccine (three doses) in 2014. To evaluate the potential impact of HPV vaccines in the reduction of HPV-related disease, we aimed to estimate the HPV type distribution and burden of anogenital and head and neck cancers attributable to HPV types (HPVs 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/6/11) included in currently licensed HPV vaccines. Methods In all, 18 247 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens were retrieved from 50 countries. HPV DNA detection and typing were performed with the SPF-10 PCR/DEIA/LiPA25 system. With the exception of cervical cancer, HPV DNA-positive samples were additionally subjected to HPV E6*I mRNA detection and/or p16INK4a immunohistochemistry. For cervical cancer, estimates were based on HPV DNA, whereas for other sites, estimates were based on HPV DNA, E6*I mRNA, and p16INK4a biomarkers. Results The addition of HPVs 31/33/45/52/58 to HPVs 16/18/6/11 in the nonavalent HPV vaccine could prevent almost 90% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. For other sites, the nonavalent HPV vaccine could prevent 22.8% of vulvar, 24.5% of penile, 60.7% of vaginal, 79.0% of anal cancers, 21.3% of oropharyngeal, 4.0% of oral cavity, and 2.7% of laryngeal cancer cases. Conclusions Our estimations suggest a potential impact of the nonavalent HPV vaccine in reducing around 90% of cervical cancer cases and a global reduction of 50% of all the cases at HPV-related cancer sites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document