Integration & Volatility across Global Indices in different Time Zones: Some Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Dr.Madavi Eswara
Keyword(s):  
Time Zone ◽  
Global Indices ◽  
Securities Exchanges ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Test Outcomes ◽  
Multivariate Exponential

  This paper examines the association of value instability crosswise over Global Indices of seven securities exchanges. Utilizing every day information of these seven nations situated in various time zones, this paper attempts to call attention to the nearness of nonsynchronous exchanging impacts utilizing open and close logarithmic returns of seven securities exchange files including Indian Indexat the middle. The hilter kilter effect of unpredictability overflow is analyzed by a multivariate exponential general autoregressive restrictive heteroskedastic model utilizing an example of 1742 perceptions taken from Oct 2011 to November 2018. The test outcomes give out many fascinating actualities alongside cost and unpredictability overflow from one market to the next because of time zone impact and additionally, influence impact is seen from the eastern markets' nearby value child Indian file open cost.

Measuring Circadian Advantage in Major League Baseball: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Christopher Winter ◽  
William R. Hammond ◽  
Noah H. Green ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Donald L. Bliwise
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Home Field Advantage ◽  
Major League

Purpose:The effect of travel on athletic performance has been investigated in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate this effect on game outcome over 10 Major League Baseball (MLB) seasons.Methods:Using the convention that for every time zone crossed, synchronization requires 1 d, teams were assigned a daily number indicating the number of days away from circadian resynchronization. With these values, wins and losses for all games could be analyzed based on circadian values.Results:19,079 of the 24,121 games (79.1%) were played between teams at an equal circadian time. The remaining 5,042 games consisted of teams playing at different circadian times. The team with the circadian advantage won 2,620 games (52.0%, P = .005), a winning percentage that exceeded chance but was a smaller effect than home field advantage (53.7%, P < .0001). When teams held a 1-h circadian advantage, winning percentage was 51.7% (1,903–1,781). Winning percentage with a 2-h advantage was 51.8% (620–578) but increased to 60.6% (97–63) with a 3-h advantage (3-h advantage > 2-hadvantage = 1-h advantage, P = .036). Direction of advantage showed teams traveling from Western time zones to Eastern time zones were more likely to win (winning percentage = .530) than teams traveling from Eastern time zones to Western time zones (winning percentage = .509) with a winning odds 1.14 (P = .027).Conclusion:These results suggest that in the same way home field advantage influences likelihood of success, so too does the magnitude and direction of circadian advantage. Teams with greater circadian advantage were more likely to win.

0174 Examining Circadian Disadvantages in the National Basketball Association’s Playoffs

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A69-A69
Author(s):  
S Pradhan ◽  
K Gregory ◽  
D Alton ◽  
R Chachad ◽  
E E Flynn-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Time Zone ◽  
Home Base ◽  
Quality Metric ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Prior research on travel in the National Basketball Association’s (NBA) regular season has shown that teams journeying west relative to their home base face circadian disadvantages for evening games, while those traveling east have advantages. The current study extends previous research by examining these effects within the NBA playoffs. We hypothesized that teams would have a greater circadian advantage during eastward compared to westward travel. Methods In 2013, the NBA implemented a 7-game series playoff structure, in which teams play an alternating home/away 2-2-1-1-1 format. Data for all 499 postseason games played during the 2013–14 to 2018–2019 seasons were collected from Basketball-Reference and FiveThirtyEight. We investigated the impact of direction of travel based on home base city (same time zone, westward, eastward) and time zones traveled on game outcomes, Elo rating differences (i.e., a team quality metric based on wins and losses), win probability, and team scoring. Results Teams had lower win probabilities following 3-hour westward than same time zone and all eastward travel, while 3-hour eastward travel related to higher probabilities of winning compared to same time and all westward travel (p &lt; .001, d &gt; .95). Teams travelling westward with 2-hour time changes lost significantly more games than those experiencing 1-hour westward (p = .04, OR = 2.45), 1-hour eastward (p = .05, OR = 2.34), and 3-hour eastward changes (p = .02, OR = 4.68). Scoring was significantly higher following eastward travel compared to both westward (p = .001, d = 0.60) and same time zone travel (p = .003, d = 0.44). There were no differences in team quality based on direction of travel or number of time zones traveled, and game outcomes based on overall direction of travel (p &gt; .05). Conclusion Direction and magnitude of travel were related to win probability, team scoring, and game outcomes, whereby teams travelling eastward and within the same time zone gained an advantage over those travelling westward. Adjustment to travel and time changes appear to influence in-game performances and outcomes in the NBA playoffs. Support None

294 Impacts of travel and time zone differences in the National Hockey League (NHL)

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A117-A118
Author(s):  
Jonathan Charest ◽  
Charles Samuels ◽  
Célyne Bastien ◽  
Doug Lawson ◽  
Michael Grandner
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Elite athletes are at risk of poor sleep which can be exacerbated by frequent travel. The present exploratory study investigated the impact of travel on the winning percentage, number of goals scored in the 3rd period and the number of penalties in the 3rd period over the 2013–2020 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). Methods Data from away and home games from the 2013–2020 seasons in the NHL were included in this study. The outcomes were based on winning percentage with additional covariates including home and away games; timing of the game (afternoon/17:30 or earlier; evening/18:00 or later; number of time zones travelled (one, two or three); direction of the travel (eastward or westward); length of the game (regular, overtime or shootout). Additionally, data exclusively from the 3rd period were assessed for the number of penalties received and the number of goals scored for and against. Data were analyzed with logistic regressions to evaluate the effects of the aforementioned variables on winning percentage for both eastern and western conference teams. Results Regardless of the length of the game, results indicated no difference between eastern and western teams on winning percentage. However, there was a significant impact of home-ice on winning percentage for both conferences (p&lt;0.001). In addition, there was no difference on the winning percentage based on the travel direction and the number of time zones crossed (p = 0.747) or the time of the day (p=0.991). Moreover, visiting teams received significantly more 3rd period penalties than home teams (p&lt;0.001), regardless of travel and while travelling within the same time zone compared to eastward travel (p&lt;0.001) but not westward travel (p=0.078). Finally, there was an increased risk of being scored against when team travelled three time zones (p=0.03), regardless of the direction. Conclusion This 7-year investigation of data from the NHL demonstrates an unexplored aspect of the impact that travel and circadian factors may have on emotion regulation and performance. Translational application of this knowledge to enhance general public health and performance would be warranted. Support (if any):

The Emerging Brazilian I.T. Industry and its Time-Zone Proximity Advantage

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rafael Prikladnicki ◽  
Erran Carmel
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Global Companies ◽  
The Voice

Brazil has been emerging as an offshore destination for offshore IT software and services. The country already had a strong domestic base of IT clients to global companies. One of the competitive factors is time zone location. Brazil has now positioned itself as easy for collaboration because of time zone overlap with its primary partners in North America and Europe. In this paper we examine whether time zone proximity is indeed an advantage for software development by conducting a country-level field study of the Brazilian IT industry using a cross section of firms. The results provide some support for the claims of proximity benefits. The Brazil-to-North dyads use moderate timeshifting that is perceived as comfortable and advantageous for both sides of these dyads. The voice coordination that the time overlap permits helps address coordination challenges and foster relationships. These and other practices relating to time zones are described in detail.

The Neutral Hour

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-132
Author(s):  
Beryl Pong
Keyword(s):  
Short Fiction ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
The One ◽  
Global War ◽  
Second World

Taking as its context and metaphor the dislocated time zones of the Second World War—where neutral Ireland progressed on a different time zone from Britain—Chapter 4 addresses why neutrality was such a fraught political decision. Independence, for Ireland, was often couched in the rhetoric of youthful potential, but this theme came to suggest political irresponsibility in being ‘off war time’ instead. Examining Henry Green’s ‘fairy tale’ about neutral Ireland, Loving (1945), and Elizabeth Bowen’s non-fiction writings and short fiction, as well as her novel The Heat of the Day (1949), the chapter delves into the contradictory circumstances of neutral Ireland during the Emergency. Two competing understandings of the politics of time—as the temporality of colonial independence, on the one hand, and as the temporality of global war, on the other—created a situation that these writers found difficult to reconcile.

Time Zones, Game Start Times, and Team Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Nutting ◽  
Joseph Price
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
The West ◽  
Time Zones

Research has found that, controlling for team quality, National Basketball Association visiting teams win more often when playing to the east of their home time zones and less often when playing to the west. We reaffirm this finding for 1991-2002. We find that only these seasons’ day games, and not their far more frequent night games, featured a significant relationship between time zone and visiting team win probability. We hypothesize that some of these day-game effects were biological in origin. The 2002-2013 seasons featured no significant relationship between time zones and visiting team win probability for either day or night games.

Transient Changes in the Pattern of Food Intake Following a Simulated Time‐Zone Transition to the East Across Eight Time Zones

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Waterhouse ◽  
Shaoyuan Kao ◽  
Benjamin Edwards ◽  
Dietmar Weinert ◽  
Greg Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Simulated Time

scholarly journals Travelling Across Time Zones With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study Comparing Insulin Degludec With Insulin Glargine U100

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. Bevier ◽  
Kristin N. Castorino ◽  
Ceara Axelrod ◽  
Gal Haroush ◽  
Christian C. Farfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Insulin Degludec ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Glycemic Outcomes

<b>Objective </b> <p>For people with type 1 diabetes, there are limited evidence-based resources to support self-management when traveling across multiple time zones<i>. </i>Here, we compared glycemic control on Insulin Degludec versus GlargineU100 as the basal insulin for adults using multiple daily injections (MDI) while travelling across multiple time zones.<i></i></p> <p> </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b></p> <p>This randomized crossover pilot study compared Insulin Degludec versus Glargine U100 for adults with type 1 diabetes using MDI insulin during long-haul travel to and from Hawaii to New York. Insulin Degludec was administered daily at the same time regardless of time zone and Glargine was administered per travel algorithm. Primary endpoint was percent time in range (TIR) between 70-140 mg/dl during the initial 24 hours after each direction of travel. Secondary endpoints include standard continuous glucose monitoring metrics, jet lag, fatigue and sleep.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>A total of 25 participants were enrolled in the study [56% female, age 35 ±14.5 (mean ±SD) years, HbA<sub>1C</sub> of 7.4 ±1.2% (57±13.1 mmol/mol), diabetes duration of 20.6 ±15 years). There was no significant difference in glycemic outcomes between the two arms of the study including TIR, hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Neither group achieved >70% TIR 70-180 mg/dL during travel. Jetlag was greater on Glargine U100 in Eastward travel but not Westward. Fatigue was greater after Westward travel on Glargine. Sleep was not significantly different between basal insulins.</p> <p><b> </b></p> <p><b>Conclusion</b></p> <p>In adults with type 1 diabetes using MDI of insulin and travelling across multiple time zones, glycemic outcomes were similar comparing Insulin Degludec and Glargine U100.</p>

scholarly journals Travelling Across Time Zones With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study Comparing Insulin Degludec With Insulin Glargine U100

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. Bevier ◽  
Kristin N. Castorino ◽  
Ceara Axelrod ◽  
Gal Haroush ◽  
Christian C. Farfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Insulin Degludec ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Glycemic Outcomes

<b>Objective </b> <p>For people with type 1 diabetes, there are limited evidence-based resources to support self-management when traveling across multiple time zones<i>. </i>Here, we compared glycemic control on Insulin Degludec versus GlargineU100 as the basal insulin for adults using multiple daily injections (MDI) while travelling across multiple time zones.<i></i></p> <p> </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b></p> <p>This randomized crossover pilot study compared Insulin Degludec versus Glargine U100 for adults with type 1 diabetes using MDI insulin during long-haul travel to and from Hawaii to New York. Insulin Degludec was administered daily at the same time regardless of time zone and Glargine was administered per travel algorithm. Primary endpoint was percent time in range (TIR) between 70-140 mg/dl during the initial 24 hours after each direction of travel. Secondary endpoints include standard continuous glucose monitoring metrics, jet lag, fatigue and sleep.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>A total of 25 participants were enrolled in the study [56% female, age 35 ±14.5 (mean ±SD) years, HbA<sub>1C</sub> of 7.4 ±1.2% (57±13.1 mmol/mol), diabetes duration of 20.6 ±15 years). There was no significant difference in glycemic outcomes between the two arms of the study including TIR, hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Neither group achieved >70% TIR 70-180 mg/dL during travel. Jetlag was greater on Glargine U100 in Eastward travel but not Westward. Fatigue was greater after Westward travel on Glargine. Sleep was not significantly different between basal insulins.</p> <p><b> </b></p> <p><b>Conclusion</b></p> <p>In adults with type 1 diabetes using MDI of insulin and travelling across multiple time zones, glycemic outcomes were similar comparing Insulin Degludec and Glargine U100.</p>

Phase shifting two coupled circadian pacemakers: implications for jet lag

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. R704-R719 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Gander ◽  
R. E. Kronauer ◽  
R. C. Graeber
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Flight Direction ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Circadian Timing System ◽  
Period Estimate ◽  
Temperature Rhythms

Flights across time zones produce an abrupt displacement of the environmental time cues (zeitgebers), and the endogenous circadian timing system resynchronizes only gradually to the new schedule. A coupled two-oscillator model can simulate the human circadian system in temporal isolation and in artificial zeitgeber cycles. The model is here shown to explain the major features of resynchronization of circadian rhythms after time zone shifts, i.e., the rate of adjustment depends on the rhythm being measured, the number of time zones crossed, the flight direction (eastward or westward), and the strength of the zeitgebers in the new time zone. Investigations of the contribution of different model parameters to system performances suggest that intersubject differences in pacemaker periods may be a major factor in the observed variability in the effects of time zone shifts on circadian rhythms. With individualized period estimate the models can simulate case studies in which four subjects recorded their sleep-wake and core body temperature rhythms throughout simple and complex patterns of transmeridian flights.

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