INTERNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND NATIONAL ECONOMIES MODERNIZATION: FROM COUNTERING NON-EQUIVALENT EXCHANGE TO FLEXIBLE STRATEGIES

Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Sarkisyan ◽  

The article deals with the impact of globalization-oriented modernization strategies implemented in developing countries on the activities of large international corporations and multinational companies. An assessment of the theoretical positions in the theory of dependent development of countries in terms of the concept of non-equivalent exchange is given. The risks and benefits of the functioning of international companies in developing countries with different levels of focus on economic modernization are analyzed and recommendations for the development of flexible operational strategies are proposed.

Author(s):  
Do Thi Thao ◽  
Zhang Jian Hua

According to many studies, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has had a positive effect on economic growth. Thomas et al. (2008) discussed that multinational companies are more successful in developing new products and technologies than local companies, thus exerting competitive pressure on firms in some countries to compete and innovate. This has prompted developing countries to look for ways to attract FDI. The most developed economy faces the issue of investment- savings and FDI promotes growth by offsetting this gap by increasing productivity, technology transfer and increased competition (Kobrin, 2005). Given the practical benefits and expected benefits of FDI, many researches have been conducted to study the impact of FDI on economic growth. However, the results have been found mixed regarding the impact of FDI on economic growth in developed countries. In the theory of economic growth, the factor is always mentioned. When an economy wants to grow faster, it needs more capital. If domestic capital is not enough, this economy will want to have capital outside the country, including FDI. One of the purposes of FDI is to exploit conditions to achieve low production costs, foreign-invested enterprises will employ many local workers. The income of an improved part of the population will contribute positively to local economic growth. During the hiring process, vocational skills training, which in many cases is new and progressive in developing countries that attract FDI, will be provided by enterprises. This creates a skilled workforce for FDI-attracting countries. Not only regular workers but also local professionals have the opportunity to work and professional training in foreign-invested enterprises. At the same time, FDI stimulates the domestic economy to join the global production network. When attracting FDI from multinational companies, not only the multinational company’s investment capital, but also other domestic enterprises that have business relationships with that enterprise will participate too, which is regional division of labor. Therefore, the host country will have the opportunity to join the entire production network which is conducive to boosting exports. FDI provides much-needed resources for developing countries such as capital, technology, management skills, entrepreneurship, branding and market access. These are essential for the industrialization and modernization of the country, to develop and create more jobs, and to contribute to poverty reduction and improve the economic situation in developing countries, such as in Vietnam. As a result, most developing countries recognize the potential value of FDI and liberalize their investment regimes. Like other developing countries, Vietnam also opens the door to FDI into the country with the expectation of great benefits. After 30 years of renovation and opening up integration, despite many difficulties, Vietnam has achieved many advancements in the process of economic growth, increasingly bringing Vietnam out to the international arena. Var Analysis


2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sola Fajana

This paper raises issues which show that the impact of the multinational companies in the industrial relations Systems of developing countries are much too profound that the Systems approach may not be suitable for explaining, predicting, and formulating policies in industrial relations in these countries in particular and beyond the level of nation states in general.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Martins Ramalho ◽  
João Luiz Calmon ◽  
Diogo Appel Colvero ◽  
Renato Ribeiro Siman

Abstract The novelty of this paper is the focus solely on MSW collection/transport in mid-sized metropolitan regions of developing countries, using biomethane (which can be supplied by the MSW management system) an alternative fuel and different waste collection methods. The eight proposed scenarios, compared to the baseline scenario, combine diesel and biowaste, doorto-door and bring collection methods, as well as two different levels of sourceseparated collection. The results have shown if the collection vehicles use biomethane, the impacts will always be significantly lower than using diesel (between 68–98%, depending on the impact category and scenario), even accounting with the uncertainty of the results. In this particular case-study, increasing source-separated collection also reduced the transport impacts in 40–50%, as the transfer stations are closer to the recycling facilities than the landfills. This is because the fuel consumption of transport is a function of distance, so is the impact. Therefore, this study recommends: using biomethane produced from anaerobic digestion of organic waste instead of diesel to expand circular MSW management; establishing transfer stations for the municipalities located more than 25 km away from waste management facilities; expanding the collection coverage to 100%; increasing sourceseparated collection and recycling.


2018 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
Yu. I. Yakimova

The paper studies the impact of the transition to the inflation targeting regime on the magnitude of the pass-through effect of the exchange rate to prices. We analyze cross-country panel data on developed and developing countries. It is shown that the transition to this regime of monetary policy contributes to a significant reduction in both the short- and long-term pass-through effects. This decline is stronger in developing countries. We identify the main channels that ensure the influence of the monetary policy regime on the pass-through effect, and examine their performance. In addition, we analyze the data of time series for Russia. It was concluded that even there the transition to inflation targeting led to a decrease in the dependence of the level of inflation on fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate.


Author(s):  
Maria Giulia Ballatore ◽  
Ettore Felisatti ◽  
Laura Montanaro ◽  
Anita Tabacco

This paper is aimed to describe and critically analyze the so-called "TEACHPOT" experience (POT: Provide Opportunities in Teaching) performed during the last few years at Politecnico di Torino. Due to career criteria, the effort and the time lecturers spend in teaching have currently undergone a significant reduction in quantity. In order to support and meet each lecturers' expectations towards an improvement in their ability to teach, a mix of training opportunities has been provided. This consists of an extremely wide variety of experiences, tools, relationships, from which everyone can feel inspired to increase the effectiveness of their teaching and the participation of their students. The provided activities are designed around three main components: methodological training, teaching technologies, methodological experiences. A discussion on the findings is included and presented basing on the data collected through a survey. The impact of the overall experience can be evaluated on two different levels: the real effect on redesigning lessons, and the discussion on the matter within the entire academic community.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-315
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov

Subject. The article discusses the momentum in finance. Objectives. The study reveals the impact of financial momentum as the unity of antipodes in the development of the national economy. Methods. The study is based on a systems approach and methods of descriptive statistics. Results. I discover the ultimate goal of globalization, i.e. the substantive simplification of national economies and strengthening of global economic ties. The goals determine the logic tendency of national economies for reducing the interest rate so as to gain the financial momentum and, consequently, fanning the crisis risk in the global financial system. The global financial system became the substance of global economic processes, which determined development opportunities of national economies. I reveal what countries have the high and low financial momentum. Conclusions and Relevance. Being the unity of antipodes in the modern economic development, financial momentum causes countries to lose their economic identity, making them just functions of the global financial system. The cyclical development model of national economies is replaced with the metron model that rests on fluctuating advanced economies with the low financial momentum at its bottom and emerging economies at its top. The findings crystallize the concept and new competencies for a person who decide on the determination and performance of financial regulation activities.


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