scholarly journals The analogy as the mechanism of coining English military innovations

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Victoriia Pohonets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Innovations

Warriors

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Haour
Keyword(s):  
Historical Records ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
North West ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
Building Walls

This chapter examines military activity and violence, as manifest in aspects of the archaeological and historical records for medieval times in the central Sahel and north-west Europe. It explores the contribution of military innovations to political centralisation, the prevalence of fortifications and town walling, and the widespread occurrence of slave raiding. It highlights the individual agency and motives in attracting followers for one's army, in building up stables of horses for prestige and power, and in building walls for purposes both definitional and defensive.

scholarly journals Myths of military revolution: European expansion and Eurocentrism

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Western Expansion ◽  
Military Revolution ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
The Military ◽  
Social Root

This article critiques explanations of the rise of the West in the early modern period premised on the thesis that military competition drove the development of gunpowder technology, new tactics, and the Westphalian state, innovations that enabled European trans-continental conquests. Even theories in International Relations and other fields that posit economic or social root causes of Western expansion often rely on this “military revolution” thesis as a crucial intervening variable. Yet, the factors that defined the military revolution in Europe were absent in European expeditions to Asia, Africa, and the Americas, and conventional accounts are often marred by Eurocentric biases. Given the insignificance of military innovations, Western expansion prior to the Industrial Revolution is best explained by Europeans’ ability to garner local support and allies, but especially by their deference to powerful non-Western polities.

scholarly journals Using Modern Education Technologies in the Development of Unit Cohesion Skills in Novice Officers

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Е.В. Богомолова ◽  
С.В. Киселев
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Unit Cohesion

В современных условиях, когда Россия столкнулась с комплексом вызовов, возрастает необходимость в усилении ее обороноспособности, построении новой армии, что требует серьезной реформы военного образования, подготовки будущих офицеров к боевому слаживанию, применения современных образовательных технологий. Цель исследования состоит в том, чтобы обосновать использование современных образовательных технологий в процессе формирования компетенции боевого слаживания у будущих офицеров. Гипотеза нашего исследования формулируется в предположении, что уровень компетенции боевого слаживания у будущих офицеров повысится, если в процессе подготовки применять компьютерные, тренинговые, диалоговые технологии, а также те, которые воссоздают условия современного общевойскового боя. На основе применения методологических подходов к исследованию (системный, компетентностный, опытно-экспериментальный), анализа работ по подготовке будущих офицеров были определены понятия «боевое слаживание», «компетенция будущего офицера боевого слаживания». На основе анализа понятий «технология», «образовательная технология», тенденций модернизации Вооруженных сил Российской Федерации обосновано использование современных образовательных технологий для эффективного формирования компетенции боевого слаживания у будущих офицеров. Применение описанных в статье технологий в процессе подготовки будущих офицеров к боевому слаживанию показало их эффективность. Это было подтверждено результатами обучающего эксперимента, который проходил в 2019/2020 учебном году в Рязанском гвардейском высшем воздушно-десантном ордена Суворова дважды Краснознаменном командном училище имени генерала армии В. Ф. Маргелова. Nowadays, when Russia is facing a whole number of challenges, it is especially important to strengthen its defence capacity, to introduce military innovations and army reforms, which requires profound military education reforms associated with the development of unit cohesion skills in novice officers on the basis of modern information technologies. The aim of the research is to substantiate the use of modern education technologies in the development of unit cohesion skills in novice officers. The hypothesis of the research consists in the supposition that the use of computer-mediated and dialogue-based training solutions enhances novice officers’ unit cohesion skills. The article uses a number of methodological approaches to investigate the issue (systemic approach, competence approach, experimental approach), it analyzes the process of novice officers’ training and defines such notions as unit cohesion and novice officers’ unit cohesion skills. The analysis of such notions as technology and education technology and the examination of modernization tendencies associated with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation enable the authors to employ modern education technologies to efficiently develop unit cohesion skills in novice officers. The article underlines the efficiency of the described technologies aimed at the development of unit cohesion skills in novice officers, which is proved by the results of an experiment conducted in the 2019/2020 academic year at the General V. F. Margelov Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne twice Red Banner Order of Suvorov Command School.

Sizing Up the “Small Wars” of African Empire

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
William FitzSimons
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
First Century ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Small Wars ◽  
French Military ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
Postcolonial Africa ◽  
Short Essay

Abstract This short essay makes the case that the theories and practices employed by European armies during the “small wars” of nineteenth-century imperialism were military innovations produced within the distinctly modern and global context of colonial conquest. Colonial military experiences spurred new tactics and strategies which were captured in treatises written by British and French military theorists at the same time that they transformed the nature of warfare in colonized spaces—often with devastating effects. Military approaches developed in response to these “small wars” have important legacies, both in shaping the contours of military operations within postcolonial Africa and contributing to worldwide “counterinsurgency” theories of the twenty-first century. Understanding the specific historical context in which colonial violence was produced can contribute to a fuller understanding of the meaning, impact and multiple legacies of imperial warfare.

Balancing in Neorealism

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Parent ◽  
Sebastian Rosato
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
Power Balancing

Does neorealism offer a convincing account of great power balancing behavior? Many scholars argue that it does not. This conclusion rests on a misunderstanding of neorealist theory and an erroneous reading of the evidence. Properly specified, neorealism holds that great powers place an overriding emphasis on the need for self-help. This means that they rely relentlessly both on arming and on imitating the successful military practices of their peers to ensure their security. At the same time, they rarely resort to alliances and treat them with skepticism. There is abundant historical evidence to support these claims. Since 1816, great powers have routinely achieved an effective balance in military capabilities with their relevant competitors and promptly copied the major military innovations of the period. Case studies show that these outcomes are the product of states' efforts to ensure security against increasingly capable rivals. Meanwhile, the diplomatic record yields almost no examples of firm peacetime balancing coalitions over the past 200 years. When alliances have formed, great powers have generally doubted the reliability of their allies and of their opponents' allies. Thus neorealism provides a solid foundation for explaining great power balancing behavior.

Cultural foundations of military diffusion

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILY O. GOLDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
Technological Opportunities ◽  
Transnational Social Networks ◽  
Cross National

This article examines cross-national variation in the diffusion and adoption of military technologies and ideas. The history of warfare has been marked by periods of innovation in which the institutions and practices of war-making adapted in response to technological opportunities, and social and political developments. As information about new practices spreads, through the demonstration effects of innovating states or transnational social networks, military innovations have diffused throughout the international system. Diffusion can restructure power relations as states leverage new capabilities to increase their military power and enhance their international influence.

scholarly journals Interpretation of military power in the context of realism paradigm

Politologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-74
Author(s):  
Agnietė Žotkevičiūtė Banevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Power Combining ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Intangible Resources ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Environment Perception ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
Deep Focus

The article seeks to reveal the possibilities of a theoretical interpretation of power in the broad sense and military power in the narrow sense in the context of the realism paradigm, with a deep focus on including intangible resources in the interpretation of power. In the article, the interpretation of power is consciously grounded on the synthesis of power as resources and power as relation perspectives meanwhile applying this synthesis to the analysis of military power. Thus, military power is perceived as covering not only material but also non-material resources and as being contextual in nature. The article forms assumptions that the interpretation of military power depends on the security environment perception of the political and military elite: by changing warfare concepts and force employment methods they introduce military innovations, while military doctrines are an instrument of power conversion – through them the security environment perception is imparted and the structure of military power is changed. Such an interpretation of military power, combining different insights based on the paradigm of realism, allows the formation of an alternative approach to the interpretation of military power.

Reclaiming Technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-138
Author(s):  
Jennifer Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Electronic Music ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Technological Limitations

In the transition from World War II to the Cold War, military innovations were domesticated and repurposed for civilian, scientific, and cultural advancement. Information theory is one such discourse—birthed from Shannon’s wartime cryptography work at Bell Labs—that burgeoned outward in a series of connected, interdisciplinary spirals in the 1950s. The WDR studio was a locale where wartime “technology” (defined broadly to include ideas) was reclaimed for cultural gain. After the initial experiments of the early 1950s, composers found themselves hemmed in by technological limits and unhappy with the serial, pointillist music they had so far made. Enter Meyer-Eppler, a former Nazi communications researcher turned phonetics scientist and electronic music expert, whose information-theoretic teachings helped composers solve their problems in several ways: to understand when their music had been too information dense; to incorporate gestures, approximations, and perceptible shapes; and to circumvent the technological limitations of the studio. The core concepts of information theory—perception, sampling and continuity, and probability—became the foundation for much mid-1950’s music from a range of composers in the studio and beyond. Working cooperatively, scientists, technicians, and composers participated in a process of culturally reclaiming information theory from its wartime origin, making it the conceptual foundation for 1950’s avant-garde music.

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