Warriors

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Haour
Keyword(s):  
Historical Records ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
North West ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
Building Walls

This chapter examines military activity and violence, as manifest in aspects of the archaeological and historical records for medieval times in the central Sahel and north-west Europe. It explores the contribution of military innovations to political centralisation, the prevalence of fortifications and town walling, and the widespread occurrence of slave raiding. It highlights the individual agency and motives in attracting followers for one's army, in building up stables of horses for prestige and power, and in building walls for purposes both definitional and defensive.

Married Life in the Middle Ages, 900-1300

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth van Houts
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Married Life ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This book contains an analysis of the experience of married life by men and women in Christian medieval Europe c. 900–1300. The focus will be on the social and emotional life of the married couple rather than on the institutional history of marriage. The book consists of three parts: the first part (Getting Married) is devoted to the process of getting married and wedding celebrations, the second part (Married Life) discusses the married life of lay couples and clergy, their sexuality, and any remarriage, while the third part (Alternative Living) explores concubinage and polygyny as well as the single life in contrast to monogamous sexual unions. Four main themes are central to the book. First, the tension between patriarchal family strategies and the individual family member’s freedom of choice to marry and, if so, to what partner; second, the role played by the married priesthood in their quest to have individual agency and self-determination accepted in their own lives in the face of the growing imposition of clerical celibacy; third, the role played by women in helping society accept some degree of gender equality and self-determination to marry and in shaping the norms for married life incorporating these principles; fourth, the role played by emotion in the establishment of marriage and in married life at a time when sexual and spiritual love feature prominently in medieval literature.

Executive Agency and State Capacity in Development: Comparing Sino-African Railways in Kenya and Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Executive Agency

Why do infrastructure projects that are similar in nature develop along starkly different trajectories? This question sheds light on the varying state capacity of developing countries. Divergent from structural explanations that stress external agency and institutional explanations that emphasize bureaucratic capacity, I propose a political championship theory to explain the variance in states capacity of infrastructure delivery. I argue that when a project is highly salient to leaders’ survival, leaders commit to the project; leaders with strong authority build an implementation coalition, leading to higher effectiveness. I trace the process of the Standard Gauge Railway in Kenya and Addis-Djibouti Railway in Ethiopia, relying on over 180 interviews. This research highlights the individual agency within structural and institutional constraints, a previously understudied area in state capacity.

The Individual Agency of Corporate Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 13476
Author(s):  
Gabriel Akel Abrahão ◽  
Paulo Arvate ◽  
Marcus Alexandre Yshikawa Salusse
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
The Individual

Agency and Contingency in Televisual Alternate History Texts

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-185
Author(s):  
Karen Hellekson
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Alternate History ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Capacity To Act ◽  
History Texts ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Individual

Televisual alternate history texts concern themselves with not with history per se but rather the individual, agency, and self-contingency. In televisual texts including An Englishman’s Castle (miniseries, 1978), Sliders (1995–2000), Charlie Jade (2005), Fringe (2008–13), and Continuum (2012–15), individual characters are presented as being able to affect events by contingency—that is, an event that may occur but that is not certain to occur—and agency, or the capacity to act or exert power. History is used in only the most general sense to permit displacement; alternate worlds are a mode of this displacement. Contingency is used as a narrative and temporal construction to frame agency. Televisual alternate histories control the narrative so as to permit characters’ agency to permit causal, contingent events, resulting in a sort of feedback loop of contingency and agency.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-298
Author(s):  
Risa Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Military Effectiveness ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

The concluding chapter synthesizes insights from the individual chapters, identifying six overarching lessons: civilian control of the US military is complex and understudied; norms are essential for healthy civil-military relations; the relationship between society and the military is less than healthy; partisanship is corroding civil-military relations; public scrutiny of the military is essential to military effectiveness; and the fundamental character of civil-military relations is changing. In turn, it proposes several questions for future research, suggesting that more could be known about public accountability of military activity; the nature and measurement of military politicization; and changing actors and roles in civil-military relations.

Enduring Past: Megalithic Tombs of Brittany and the Roman Occupation in Western France

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Vejby
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Major Road ◽  
North West ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Megalithic Tombs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Loire River

The extended lives of prehistoric monuments, whether or not they were interacted with once their initial phase of use had ended and how they were treated, can reveal valuable details about a culture. To interact with a place means that the action or influence is reciprocal. The individual, or group of individuals, is somehow affected by the physical contact they’ve had with the site, and the place in turn has been altered. Interactions are more than just reuse of a space. In fact, missing pieces of monuments’ biographies, evidence of subsequent use and treatment, are details that may tell us how a people dealt with their own past as well as that of others. The focus of this study is a region in which the biographies of a group of monuments appear to be intimately tied to clashing cultures during the Roman occupation: Morbihan, Brittany. Brittany is the westernmost province of France, roughly 30 kilometres north-west of the mouth of the Loire river, and extending over 200 kilometres westward into the Celtic Sea. The south-easternmost department of this province is Morbihan, which makes up over 6,800 square kilometres and centres on the Gulf of Morbihan, a few kilometres south of Vannes (Darioritum), the Roman-period civitas-capital of the Veneti. Darioritum was not only a port for commercial ships, but was also on the major road network connecting the Coriosolitae (Corseul), Osismes (Carhaix-Plouguer) and Namnetes (Nantes) civitates (Galliou and Jones 1991, 77, 81, 84). Evidence found in a thorough survey of Iron Age and Roman materials at megalithic tombs in Atlantic Europe revealed that Brittany is by far the region with the highest concentration of direct Roman period interactions, despite both the distribution of megalithic tombs across the peninsula and subsequent habitation patterns during the Iron Age and Roman periods (Scarre 2011, 29–33; Vejby 2012) . It also revealed that this activity is a major shift from the comparatively low number of megalithic tombs at which Iron Age materials have been found.

scholarly journals A reflection about the social and technological aspects in flood risk management – the case of the Italian Civil Protection

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. del Carmen Llasat ◽  
F. Siccardi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ground Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Abstract. The right of a person to be protected from natural hazards is a characteristic of the social and economical development of the society. This paper is a contribution to the reflection about the role of Civil Protection organizations in a modern society. The paper is based in the inaugural conference made by the authors on the 9th Plinius Conference on Mediterranean Storms. Two major issues are considered. The first one is sociological; the Civil Protection organizations and the responsible administration of the land use planning should be perceived as reliable as possible, in order to get consensus on the restrictions they pose, temporary or definitely, on the individual free use of the territory as well as in the entire warning system. The second one is technological: in order to be reliable they have to issue timely alert and warning to the population at large, but such alarms should be as "true" as possible. With this aim, the paper summarizes the historical evolution of the risk assessment, starting from the original concept of "hazard", introducing the concepts of "scenario of event" and "scenario of risk" and ending with a discussion about the uncertainties and limits of the most advanced and efficient tools to predict, to forecast and to observe the ground effects affecting people and their properties. The discussion is centred in the case of heavy rains and flood events in the North-West of Mediterranean Region.

XVIII.—A Re-examination of Barrow's Older Granites in Glen Clova, Angus

1958 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Trevelyan Harry
Keyword(s):  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Biotite Gneiss ◽  
North West ◽  
Granite Intrusion ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
High Grade Metamorphism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Marginal Zones ◽  
North Western

SynopsisBarrow describes from Glen Clova an important Older Granite intrusion, the muscovite-biotite-gneiss which he holds responsible for the formation of staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones of progressive regional metamorphism in the district. He states that the gneiss was filter-pressed during emplacement so that potash was strained off and concentrated in the south-eastern outcrops of the intrusion leaving its north-western portions enriched in soda. He claims that by the same process the separate intrusive areas comprising the gneiss have often been marginally enriched in potash and pegmatite.The factual basis of the filter-press hypothesis does not withstand careful re-examination. The individual intrusive areas of muscovite-biotite-gneiss bear no marginal zones of potash and pegmatite enrichment like those envisaged by Barrow. The muscovite-biotite-gneiss in its entirety comprises two distinct units, a heterogeneous group of banded quartz-oligoclase-mica-gneisses that were intensely deformed plastically during high-grade metamorphism, and a later series of non-migmatitic microcline-granite intrusions. In neither unit can any regular variation in potash/soda ratio be detected in passing directly from north-west to south-east.New data are provided concerning the distribution and mode of occurrence of Barrow's metamorphic zonal index minerals. Sillimanite, as fibrolite, often replaces mica and accompanies kyanite in specimens from many localities.

Work-based learning through negotiated projects – exploring learning at the boundary

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Algers ◽  
Berner Lindström ◽  
Lars Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Open Learning ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – More collaborative and open learning models are suggested as part of the paradigm shift in the way knowledge is produced, distributed, and used. The purpose of this paper is to explore a work-based learning (WBL) model, based on systemic negotiations between actors from the three parties: the academy, the industry, and the students. The purpose is to investigate how teachers, supervisors, and students value negotiated WBL as a boundary activity and to enhance the understanding of the learning potential at the boundary. Design/methodology/approach – Activity theory is used as a lens to analyse the results from a survey to the three stakeholder groups and interviews of students. The four learning mechanisms are used to explore learning at the boundary between the two activity systems. Findings – Diversity and mobility in education and work addressed by the notion of boundary crossing are associated with both challenges and a learning potential. There is a constant dynamic between structure and agency, where structure, the negotiated model, influence the individual agency. When gradually removing scaffolding students can as boundary crossers engage behaviourally, emotionally, and cognitively and have agency to handle contradictions at a local level. However, they did not seem to prioritise both systems equally but instead they were gradually socialised into the activity system of the industry. Originality/value – When WBL is framed by a negotiated partnership it can manage and customise inherent conflicts of interest and enhance individual learning opportunities at the boundary and can be conceptualised as an open learning practice.

scholarly journals Skryfkunsstudente se ervaring van hulle eie kreatiewe proses binne die konteks van die Op die spoor van kreatiewe kreature-projek: ’n narratiewe ontleding

Literator ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-176
Author(s):  
S.F. Greyling
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
The Individual

Creative writing students’ experience of their own creative process within the context of the Tracking creative creatures project: a narrative analysis First-year students in Creative Writing at the North-West University took part in an interdisciplinary investigation into the creative process, which posed certain creative challenges to them. The students’ reaction to the project indicated that they experienced the assignment as challenging and enriching. This article investigates the question whether the narrative analysis of students’ personal reports on the creative process can contribute to a better understanding of the individual experience, the project, and the creative process as such. A framework for analysis was developed against the theoretical background of contextual approaches to creativity, practice-based research and the method of narrative analysis. Amabile’s componential framework of creativity served as a basis for the framework to investigate the three levels of the narrative (form, content and context). The article discusses the project, collection of data, theoretical framework and research procedures, and illustrates and discusses the application and value of narrative analysis of students’ reports with reference to identified themes and selected examples.

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