scholarly journals Transformation of the Image Status of the Penal System in the Context of the Cyclical Political Genesis of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-604
Author(s):  
Roman A. Romashov ◽  
Vladislav Yu. Panchenko ◽  
Ilyas A. Ermolaev ◽  
Larisa A. Petruchak
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The State ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
The One

Introduction: being a structural and functional element of the state mechanism (a kind of “state within the state”), the prison system is transforming along with it. Accordingly, the image status of the prison itself and representatives of “prison authorities” and “prison population” is also changing. We bring to the fore the problem of understanding the term “system” in the context of the image status of the social system in general and the penal system in particular. We highlight the formation of semantic images and image statuses on the example of three social institutions (school, army, prison), which are similar in terms of parametric characteristics and functioning and qualitatively different in image status. The article comprehensively examines the bipolar image of the penal system: on the one hand, prison is inextricably linked with human misfortune, an evil that cannot be treated positively; on the other hand, as an instrument of state law enforcement policy, the prison guarantees the inevitability of punishment for a crime, ensuring the execution of punishment, protecting law-abiding citizens, which is a good thing for society and the state. Research materials and methods: the features of formation and functioning of the image status of the Russian penal (“prison”) system are considered in the context of the concept of cyclic political genesis. In accordance with this concept, in relation to the history of the unified Russian state, three cycles should be distinguished (imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet). Within the framework of each, Russia was represented by qualitatively different forms of state government, economic order, social structure, etc. At the same time, in such “different” Russian states, there were different models of prison systems, the formation and functioning of which, as well as the transformation of the image status, was carried out under the influence of state prison policy and under the influence of public consciousness (national mentality). Results: the current state of the Russian penal system can be described as transitional. Along with the legacy of the “Soviet past”, we observe serious changes proceeding from democratization and humanization of the political and legal system of the Russian Federation. Transformation of the image of the penal system is aimed at increasing the level of openness and forming a positive opinion about the functioning of the penitentiary system (the Concept for development until 2030). It is important that in the public consciousness the image of the penal system as a predominantly punitive prison system gradually be replaced by the idea of it as a penitentiary system, which is concerned primarily with “revival of the essence of humanity” in a person through awareness and repentance. As for the image status of employees of the penal system, the state can optimize it first of all by equalizing their official status with that of military personnel and special services employees, who, like representatives of the prison system, serve the Russian state, but are in a privileged position in relation to them. Increasing the prestige of the service in the penal system in the eyes of actual or potential employees implies the rejection of such differentiation.

Sexual Ontology and Group Marriage

Philosophy ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (224) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unmarried Mother ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

Philosophers of earlier ages have usually spent time in considering thenature of marital, and in general familial, duty. Paley devotes an entire book to those ‘relative duties which result from the constitution of the sexes’,1 a book notable on the one hand for its humanity and on the other for Paley‘s strange refusal to acknowledge that the evils for which he condemns any breach of pure monogamy are in large part the result of the fact that such breaches are generally condemned. In a society where an unmarried mother is ruined no decent male should put a woman in such danger: but why precisely should social feeling be so severe? Marriage, the monogamist would say, must be defended at all costs, for it is a centrally important institution of our society. Political community was, in the past, understood as emerging from or imposed upon families, or similar associations. The struggle to establish the state was a struggle against families, clans and clubs; the state, once established, rested upon the social institutions to which it gave legal backing.

scholarly journals STATE PERSONNEL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION AND ECONOMIC CONFRONTATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Semenova ◽  
◽  
M.F. Fridman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
World Model ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The One

This article is devoted to the most important issue of ensuring an innovative breakthrough in socio-economic development in the conditions of information and economic confrontation. Today, humanity is entering an era of a fundamentally different system of social relations, values and meanings. The emergence of a multipolar world model increases the competition of developed countries, on the one hand, and weakens the role of the state in society, on the other. Economic sanctions significantly hinder innovative development, so the state, as one of the main social institutions, still needs qualitatively new, more productive, innovative solutions, the emergence and implementation of which is impossible without appropriate personnel: researchers, analysts, developers, managers and workers.

scholarly journals KONSEPSI NEGARA HUKUM PANCASILA DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA

PRANATA HUKUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Tubagus Muhammad Nasarudin
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Free Trial ◽  
Government Power ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

The rule of law in the perspective of Pancasila which can be termed the law state of Indonesia or the rule of law state of Pancasila besides having the same elements as the rule of law in the rechtstaat and rule of law, also has specific elements that make the Indonesian law state different from the concept of the state generally known law. The difference locates in the values contained in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution which contain Pancasila with the principles of the Belief in the one and only God and the absence of separation between the state and religion, the principle of deliberation in the implementation of state government power, the principle of social justice, kinship and mutual cooperation, as well as laws that serve the integrity of the unitary state of Indonesia. The Pancasila Law State concept is characterized by: (1) Close relations between religion and state (2) Stand on the one and only God (3) Freedom of religion in a positive sense (4) Atheism is not justified and communism is forbidden and (5) The principle of kinship and harmony. As for the main elements of the Republic of Indonesia Law State are: (1) Pancasila (2) MPR (3) Constitutional system (4) equality and (5) Free trial.

The Modern Republican Party in Florida

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dunbar ◽  
Mike Haridopolos
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
State Government ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
The State ◽  
Florida Everglades ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
The One

The Modern Republican Party in Florida chronicles the emergence of the modern Republican Party in Florida. It provides the historic political foundation for the modern political era in Florida; it identifies the key elements of Republican Party organizations and structures that became the foundation for the current Republican network; and it contrasts the current political environment to the one-party era of the Democratic Pork Chop Gang. The narrative of the book describes the successes in the state-wide campaigns for governor and for positions on the Florida Cabinet. It provides an overview of the role of both Florida Republicans in national, presidential politics and Floridians serving in the United States House and Senate. It describes the decennial redistricting struggles and other obstacles that Republicans overcame as they became the majority in both Houses of the state Legislature, and it discusses the opportunities for women and minorities that accompanied this Republican emergence. Within the narrative are descriptions of the changes in state government made by Republicans or with their bipartisan cooperation. The book also provides an overview of the Republican influence on the state policies for public education and school choice; criminal justice and prison reform; taxation and business incentives; and consumer protection and environment preservation, including the protection of the Florida Everglades. The book identifies the officeholders, volunteers, and party officials who contributed to, and became part of, the Republican network. It also discusses the ever-changing elements of the Florida political arena, which includes voters with no party affiliation, soft money committees, and independent campaign consultants.

scholarly journals POLITICAL VIEW AND ORIENTATION OF THE ROHIS MEMBERS TOWARD THE FORM OF THE STATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
A.M Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Value Transmission ◽  
Political View ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mass Organization ◽  
The One

This study aims at describing the model of religious value transmission communication that occurs in Rohis organization as a form of Islamic proselytizing, at viewing the students’ view toward the form of the state government, and at viewing the political orientation of the Rohis members. By using the qualitative approach, this study has successfully gathered the following findings. First, the model of religious value transmission through the Rohis organization is the one way traffic communication. This transmission process involves communicators namely the mentor, the Rohis coaching teachers, da’i/mubaligh from values mass organization background (political parties and non-government organizations), and alumni. The internalization of such religious attitude has been conducted both verbally and non-verbally using the social media (WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, and Line). Second, the Rohis members had peculiar political view and orientation in relation to the leader and the form of the state. In relation to the leader, the Rohis members will vote for the male and Islamic leader. Then, in relation to the form of the state there are two groups among the Rohis members. One group demands the Unified State of Indonesian Republic (NKRI, Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia), while the other group demands the Islamic state. However, the supporters of the unified republic are quite bigger than those of Islamic state.

scholarly journals THE COUNTRIES OF TRANSITION DEMOCRACY IN THE PROCESS OF DEMOCRATIC TRANSIT: AN ARCHETYPAL ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
Tetiana Valentynіvna Bielska ◽  
Mariia Hryhorivna Lashkina
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Established Democracies

The authors offer non-standard views on the processes of establishing democracy in developing countries. In the article the processes of democratic transit by using archetypal methodology are analyzed; the processes of the influence of archetypes on democratic institutions in the conditions of information society and technological revolution are considered. The laws and conditions of the formation or destruction of state institutions in transition democracies, their hybridity, partially authoritarian hierarchy or chaos, and uncertainty of progress towards the goal are determined. The authors, by using of the methodology of E. Dyurgeym — imposition of biological methods of research on social processes, metaphorically compare the stages of personality development and the processes of state formation and conclude that the Ukrainian state is now in the stage of individualization and understanding itself. The structure of personality according to K. Jung is considered, its main components are distinguished. The authors suggest that in countries that have recently embarked on a path of democracy, the connection between rational and irrational is stronger than in countries that are entrenched in established democracies. These processes are metaphorically compared by the authors with the connection of the conscious and unconscious in the formation of the individual. They come to the conclusion that the lack of archetypal subconscious nature and code of culture and national codes of democratic values creates obstacles to their formation in the public consciousness. This is reflected in the socio-political activity of the state and in the functionality of its institutions. In the information society, the vector of the influence of archetypes on democratic social institutions, which leads to a hybrid distortion of the concept of the state as a device of violence and pressure, has changed. Postcommunist transformations represent a new wave, but the trajectories and outcomes of postcommunist transformations are different for states, so democratic transit is uneven.

The State Owes Us: Social Exclusion and Collective Actions of China’s Bereaved Parents

Modern China ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 009770042094880
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Chih-Jou Jay Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Bereaved Parents ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The One

China’s one-child policy has come to an end, but its ramifications continue. This article explores the issue of bereaved parents who lost their only child as an unintended consequence of the one-child policy and provides a social and political analysis of their suffering and resistance. Chinese social institutions and cultural norms traditionally discriminate against bereaved parents, excluding them from social support and social relations. As a result, bereaved parents often cut ties with their extended families, networks, and other social relations; they are stigmatized, marginalized, and isolated. However, through the internet and social media, these parents have begun forging new social relations and associations among themselves. They mobilize collective protests fueled by shared grief and the moral appeal of their patriotic sacrifice for the state, demanding official government recognition and compensation for their losses. This article treats bereavement as a subject of analysis and shows how state power shapes or even damages people’s everyday lives in a specific family-centered cultural context.

scholarly journals Cybercrime and Digital Transformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
V.P. Kirilenko ◽  
◽  
G.V. Alekseev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peremptory Norms

Cyberspace crime is a critical threat to the information security of the state and civil society institutions. Inside global network the abuse of computer user’s trust allows organized criminal groups to achieve their economic and political goals by committing offenses in the international information space. The methods of participatory observation, comparative legal and discourse analysis show that digital transformation has weakened the influence of the state on the development of the cultural sphere of society, and computer technologies have become the object of interests of criminal structures. Digital transformation has created virtual reality based on the laws and regulations of the networked community. Civil society by rejecting most of the peremptory norms imposed by national governments for political purposes produce victims of a wide range of cybercrimes: fraud and computer misuse offences and obscene publications. Since digital transformation is a universal phenomenon that will inevitably change the life of the entire world community, it is necessary to reach a consensus on the development and implementation of modern international agreement which, on the one hand, will guarantee freedom of speech and the right of every person to access information, and on the other hand will protect citizens, states and social institutions from criminal encroachments in an actively developing digital environment.

scholarly journals Humanization of the Siberian prison and power: lessons from the imperial period of Russian history

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Olga Naumenko ◽  
Evgeny Naumenko ◽  
Tatiana Tkacheva ◽  
Lyudmila Blashkova ◽  
Svetlana Salmina
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
The Political ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

In 2020, the implementation of the 10-year concept for the development of the penal system, aimed at the humanization of prisoner welfare, was ended. The article examines the political result of a closely related reform – the gradual humanization of the Siberian prison in the 19th - early 20th century. The authors believe that the outcome of the prison reform in Russia, in contrast to Europe, was characterized by a weakening of the state power. Given the poverty of the Russian people, their disenfranchisement and unemployment, the material conditions in the reformed prisons were often better than those of law-abiding citizens at liberty. On the one hand, this hindered the reduction of crime rates, but, on the other hand, caused misunderstanding in Russian society, exacerbated the sense of injustice and projected it onto the state authorities.

Land disputes between the Kirghiz-Kaisaks and the Orenburg Cossacks in the Novolineyny District of the Orenburg Region for second half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
Aleksey Kortunov ◽  
Elena Godovova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
Border Conflicts ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the characterization and solution of land disputes continuing throughout the second half of the 19th century. in the Novolineyny region of the Orenburg province between the Orenburg Cossacks and the Kyrgyz-Kaisaks nomadic in this territory. The article was written on the basis of archival materials from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archives, the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the State Archives of the Orenburg Region. Most of the documents are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The authors come to the conclusion that the creation of the Novolineyny district, on the one hand, resolved the interethnic border conflicts between the Bashkirs, the nomads of the Younger Zhuz and the Cossacks living nearby in this territory, but on the other hand led to land disputes between the Orenburg Cossacks resettled here and the Kyrgyz-Kaisaks who roamed here. The confrontation lasted until the beginning of the twentieth century, namely, until the Kirghiz-Kaisaks were resettled to another territory.

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