scholarly journals Hopeless Cases: In Defence of Compensating Litigants at the Advocate's Expense

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Webb

The dividing line between novel litigation and cases which are an abuse of process and a waste of time can be a difficult one to draw.  Some would argue that the tension between these two public policies is reason enough not to award costs against an advocate bringing or defending "hopeless" causes.  The author, however, is of the view that the jurisdiction to award such costs is justified in the interests of protecting clients and maintaining professional standards.  An analysis of the case law reveals that the power is used sparingly and, if there is any doubt, the court will favour the advocate.

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Bourgoin

AbstractIn France the absence of a comprehensive soil protection system was in part compensated by public policies issued by the Ministry for Environment and environmental authorities. The effect of these policies was to establish pollution prevention and monitoring criteria as well as public registers for (potentially) polluted industrial sites. The industrial regime (Installations Classées pour la Protection de l'Environment, 'ICPE') has been a key instrument in the development of soil protection, not only in the context of prevention but also in terms of liability for soil contamination which, in the absence of specific legislation, has relied on other liability regimes. The last fifteen years has also seen a rash of often contradictory case law, in particular concerning the definitions of liable persons and remediation levels. However, these definitions, in particular concerning liable persons, appear to have been settled by recent case law.


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne C. Fromer ◽  
Jessica Silbey

The provisions at issue in the draft Restatement of Copyright Law on which ALI membership will vote at ALI’s upcoming annual meeting are central to copyright doctrine and have been the subject of numerous court decisions over the past several decades of technological and industry change: originality, fixation, categories of copyrightable subject matter, the idea-expression distinction, and authorship and ownership.  This abundance of legal activity on copyright law demonstrates the value to the profession of this project retelling copyright.  In contrast to the dramatic criticism of this Restatement project alleging political capture or illegitimate law reform, the draft’s provisions are routine and straightforward.  They will surprise no one and are almost boring in their adherence to and synthesis of the copyright statute and judicial interpretations of it. Far from being radical or ill-advised, the Restatement of Copyright Law is a reasonable and welcome addition to the work of the ALI. Part I of this Article situates the current Restatement of Copyright Law in the historical context of other ALI projects, drawing parallels in their purposes, processes, and political tensions. Part II describes the controversy over a “retelling” of copyright law as misguided insofar as it fails to account for the practice of interpretation as part of the practice of law that is constrained by professional standards.  Part III describes the analysis and exposition of the provisions of the draft portions of the Restatement of Copyright Law presented to the ALI membership for discussion and vote this year as unremarkable but also beneficial, achieving the ALI’s goals of clarification and simplification of the sprawling federal case law interpreting and applying the 1976 Copyright Act.


Author(s):  
David Icove ◽  
Thomas May

Computer fire modeling can be a two-edged tool in forensic fire engineering investigations. Professional standards of care recommend that fire modeling’s primary use is in examining multiple hypotheses for a fire as opposed to determining its origin. This paper covers the current acceptable benefits of computer fire models, historical and pending legal case law, and methods to use modeling results within expert reports and testimony. Particular issues reviewed are the use of animations versus simulations, evidentiary guidelines, and authentication using verification and validation studies.


Equilibrium ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Mateusz Błachucki ◽  
Rafał Stankiewicz

The paper addresses the issue of legal issues of competition policy during the economic crisis. During the economic crisis public authorities are forced to redefine the aims of public policies and harmonize them. The paper aims at identifying spheres, where competition policy is limited by other public policies. First, the problem of crisis cartels and their admissibility under competition law is discussed. It is followed by the presentation of the exemptions to the general prohibition of anticompetitive mergers. Last but not least, the temporary framework for state aid in the UE is presented. It has been argued that during the economic crisis public authorities use peculiar legal instruments of competition policy to address problems arising from the crisis. Whenever it is possible reference to the case law is made in order to present the application of presented problems in practice.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Silvia Rodríguez López

One of the most remarkable challenges concerning global migration policies nowadays has to do with impeding the trafficking of migrant workers for the purposes of labour exploitation. This paper aims to examine whether Spain has adequately fulfilled its obligations to prevent and prosecute labour trafficking and protect trafficking victims. To do so, it offers a critical analysis of public policies concerning labour trafficking, contrasting them with case-law and data regarding its implementation in practice. Thus, the most recent available data concerning inspection, investigation and prosecution of labour trafficking cases, as well as the identification and protection of labour trafficking victims in Spain is evaluated here. The results highlight the invisibility of human trafficking victims for the purposes of labour exploitation, partly caused by the lack of measures that specifically address this form of trafficking.


Hawwa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Abou-Ramadan

AbstractThe focus of this paper is the reform concerning maintenance. The sharī'a court for appeals in Israel created a substantial reform in sharī'a laws for maintenance. The underline of this reform is increasing the husband's obligation as to his wife. This obligation already exists in classical law and in the Ottoman family law from 1917, but the court emphasized and penetrated it so that the intermingling of Hanafī law, Ottoman family law and the court's ruling only widened the obligation of the husband. Thus, for example, the emphasis is articulated by applying obligation only on the husband, whereas the wife is not urged to go out for work. Moreover, the commitment for maintenance starts the day the contract is signed and not after the common life of the husband and the wife begins; there is no requirement for appointing experts in order to estimate the amount of maintenance; there is a widening of the responsibility for the dwelling; the fortification of the case law for acceptance of a nushūz (disobedience) claim; and control over the amounts decided by the sharī'a courts. In fact, this is a transition from one patriarchal position to another: from a patriarchal position based on a sharp dividing line of gender roles according to which the husband pays and the wife is paid, to another patriarchal position where the husband pays and the wife is paid larger amounts of money.


2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Glozier

Aims and MethodTo extract relevant information for clinicians from reported and/or accessible cases involving psychiatric illness brought under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA). Institutional databases were searched for DDA cases and relevant guidance from case law extracted.ResultsOver half the cases reaching higher courts involve psychiatric illness. A number of decisions provide guidance for clinicians wishing to aid their own patients, and those involved as expert witnesses. These cover which conditions are included as impairments (almost everything in ICD–10), what associated effects are to be considered, and the relevance of comorbidity and treatment. Cases often involve recovery of clinical documents that reveal interesting variation in professional standards.Clinical ImplicationsVirtually all patients of psychiatrists in secondary care would be covered by the DDA. Knowledge of this Act could be used to enhance a patient's access to employment and services, and potentially overcome some of the effects of stigmatisation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tumo Charles Maloka

This contribution examines the contours of costs jurisprudence since the foundational trilogy of Ferreira v Levin NO 1996 (2) SA (CC), Affordable Medicines Trust v Minister of Health 2006 (3) SA 247 (CC) and Biowatch Trust v Registrar Genetic Resources 2009 (6) SA 232 (CC). Given that the general rule is not to award costs against unsuccessful litigants when they are litigating against state parties, the first stage of enquiry asks whether the case raises a public interest matter of transcendental importance. The second stage of enquiry delves into the impact that adverse costs orders might have on litigants seeking to vindicate constitutional rights. The last stage of enquiry considers the knotty question concerning personal costs awards against public officer-holders for conduct at variance with the Constitution. The signposts that emerge from evolving case law is that if an unsuccessful party lowered its ethical and professional standards in pursuit of a constitutional cause, such party may be mulcted with costs.  It is trite that courts will not hesitate to exercise discretion to impose adverse costs, and specifically hold public representatives personally liable for costs in order to reinforce the constitutional tri-norms of accountability, responsiveness and openness.


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