scholarly journals Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark leaves (Hoheria populnea A. Cunn.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Sims ◽  
AM Smith ◽  
GA Morris ◽  
MU Ghori ◽  
Susan Carnachan
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. A water-soluble mucilage extracted from the leaves of Hoheria populnea was chemically and physically studied. Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Lacebark mucilage was composed of rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid (2:1:2:1). Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of → 4]-α-D-GalpA-[1 → 2]-α-L-Rhap-[1 →. Data indicated the mucilage likely comprises of a polymer containing several structurally discrete domains or possibly more than one discrete polymer. One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. These rheological behaviours were only slightly affected by pH and may prove advantageous in potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals or as a food ingredient.

scholarly journals Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark leaves (Hoheria populnea A. Cunn.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Sims ◽  
AM Smith ◽  
GA Morris ◽  
MU Ghori ◽  
Susan Carnachan
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. A water-soluble mucilage extracted from the leaves of Hoheria populnea was chemically and physically studied. Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Lacebark mucilage was composed of rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid (2:1:2:1). Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of → 4]-α-D-GalpA-[1 → 2]-α-L-Rhap-[1 →. Data indicated the mucilage likely comprises of a polymer containing several structurally discrete domains or possibly more than one discrete polymer. One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. These rheological behaviours were only slightly affected by pH and may prove advantageous in potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals or as a food ingredient.

scholarly journals Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. & Thonn.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
EI Nep ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
NC Ngwuluka ◽  
V Kontogiorgos ◽  
GA Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Characterisation

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1 → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. Hydrated sesamum gum displayed temperature independent viscoelastic properties with no thermal hysteresis. Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40 dL g−1 in 0.1 M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. The characterisation performed in this study will help direct potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. & Thonn.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
EI Nep ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
NC Ngwuluka ◽  
V Kontogiorgos ◽  
GA Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Characterisation

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1 → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. Hydrated sesamum gum displayed temperature independent viscoelastic properties with no thermal hysteresis. Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40 dL g−1 in 0.1 M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. The characterisation performed in this study will help direct potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Methodology for quantitative determination of the carbohydrate composition of brown seaweeds (Laminariaceae)

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (49) ◽  
pp. 25736-25746 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Manns ◽  
A. L. Deutschle ◽  
B. Saake ◽  
A. S. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Cellulase Treatment

The monosaccharide composition of four different samples of brown seaweeds Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima were compared by different high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) methods after different acid hydrolysis treatments or a cellulase treatment.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization and Antioxidative Activity of Low-Molecular-Weights Beta-1,3-Glucan from the Residue of ExtractedGanoderma lucidumFruiting Bodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pai-Feng Kao ◽  
Shwu-Huey Wang ◽  
Wei-Ting Hung ◽  
Yu-Han Liao ◽  
Chun-Mao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner

The major cell wall constituent ofGanoderma lucidum(G. lucidum) isβ-1,3-glucan. This study examined the polysaccharide from the residues of alkaline-extracted fruiting bodies using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), and it employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) to confirm the structures. We have successfully isolated low-molecular-weightβ-1,3-glucan (LMG), in high yields, from the waste residue of extracted fruiting bodies ofG. lucidum. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay evaluated the capability of LMG to suppress H2O2-induced cell death in RAW264.7 cells, identifying that LMG protected cells from H2O2-induced damage. LMG treatment decreased H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. LMG also influenced sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity, stimulated by cell death to induce ceramide formation, and then increase cell ROS production. Estimation of the activities of neutral and acid SMasesin vitroshowed that LMG suppressed the activities of both neutral and acid SMases in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that LMG, a water-solubleβ-1,3-glucan recycled from extracted residue ofG. lucidum, possesses antioxidant capability against H2O2-induced cell death by attenuating intracellular ROS and inhibiting SMase activity.

scholarly journals Saccharide Analysis of Onion Outer Epidermal Walls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza A. Wilson ◽  
Fabien Deligey ◽  
Tuo Wang ◽  
Daniel J. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Acidic Methanolysis

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal cell walls have special structural and biological roles in the life of the plant. Typically they are multi-ply structures encrusted with waxes and cutin which protect the plant from dehydration and pathogen attack. These characteristics may also reduce chemical and enzymatic deconstruction of the wall for sugar analysis and conversion to biofuels. We have assessed the saccharide composition of the outer epidermal wall of onion scales with different analytical methods. This wall is a particularly useful model for cell wall imaging and mechanics.ResultsEpidermal walls were depolymerized by acidic methanolysis combined with 2 M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis and the resultant sugars were analyzed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Total sugar yields based on wall dry weight were low (53%). Removal of waxes with chloroform increased the sugar yields to 73% and enzymatic digestion did not improve these yields. Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of per-O-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the sugar methyl glycosides produced by acidic methanolysis gave a high yield for galacturonic acid (GalA) but glucose (Glc) was severely reduced. In a complementary fashion, GC/MS analysis of methyl alditols produced by permethylation gave substantial yields for glucose and other neutral sugars, but GalA was severely reduced. Analysis of the walls by 13C solid-state NMR confirmed and extended these results and revealed 15% lipid content after chloroform extraction (potentially cutin and unextractable waxes).ConclusionsAlthough exact values vary with the analytical method, our best estimate is that polysaccharide in the outer epidermal wall of onion scales is comprised of homogalacturonan (~50%), cellulose (~20%), galactan (~10%), xyloglucan (~10%) and smaller amounts of other polysaccharides. Low yields of specific monosaccharides by some methods may be exaggerated in epidermal walls impregnated with waxes and cutin and call for cautious interpretation of the results.

scholarly journals Airborne characterization of smoke marker ratios from prescribed burning

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 11715-11747 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sullivan ◽  
A. A. May ◽  
T. Lee ◽  
G. R. McMeeking ◽  
S. M. Kreidenweis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fraction Collector

Abstract. A Particle-into-Liquid Sampler – Total Organic Carbon and fraction collector system was flown aboard aTwin Otter aircraft sampling prescribed burning emissions in South Carolina in November2011 to obtain smoke marker measurements. The fraction collector provided 2 min time-integrated off-line samples for carbohydrate (i.e., smoke markers levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan) analysis by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Each fire location appeared to have aunique Δ levoglucosan / Δ water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) ratio (RF01/RF02/RF03/RF05 = 0.163 ± 0.007 μg C μg C−1, RF08 = 0.115 ± 0.011 μg C μg C−1, RF09A = 0.072 ± 0.028 μg C μg C−1, RF09B = 0.042 ± 0.008 μg C μg C−1). These ratios were comparable to those obtained from controlled laboratory burns and suggested that the emissions sampled during RF01/RF02/RF03/RF05 were dominated by the burning of grasses, RF08 by leaves, RF09A by needles, and RF09B by marsh grasses. These findings were further supported by the Δ galactosan / Δ levoglucosan ratios (RF01/RF02/RF03/RF05 = 0.067 ± 0.004 μg μg−1, RF08 = 0.085 ± 0.009 μg μg−1, RF09A = 0.101 ± 0.029 μg μg−1) obtained as well as by the ground-based fuel and filter sample analyses during RF01/RF02/RF03/RF05. Differences between Δ potassium / Δ levoglucosan ratios obtained for these prescribed fires vs. laboratory-scale measurements suggest that some laboratory burns may not accurately represent potassium emissions from prescribed burns. The Δ levoglucosan / Δ WSOC ratio had no clear dependence on smoke age or fire dynamics suggesting that this ratio is more dependent on the type of fuel being burned. Levoglucosan was stable over a timescale of at least 1.5 h and could be useful to help estimate the air quality impacts of biomass burning.

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