scholarly journals The Imaginable City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yunyun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Designed Environment

<p><b>The latter half of the 20th century saw rapid urban development, implemented to meet rapid growth and changing infrastructural needs. Cities around the world became designed homogeneously. In the early decades of the 21st century, the re-inhabitation of the post-industrial city has brought opportunities to bring new ideas to this homogeneity; yet templates and formulas still seem to gain ground: cities are losing their identity, as well as their imaginability. Within this problematic context, New Plymouth Central Area is a representative urban space. New Plymouth District Council has proposed a banally universal design framework, that promises only to continue burying the unique identity of its urban space, rather than liberating it to the imagination. The contemporary discipline still tends to design directly for universal human needs; an approach that ends up suggesting a city’s identity to its citizens, rather than empowering citizens to imagine, and then create, that identity.</b></p> <p>This design-led research proposes that landscape design and urban planning can recover the identity of the New Plymouth Central Area by enhancing its legibility and imaginability. It explores techniques for coordinating mental recognition with visual perceptions, to evoke human imagination of a large-scale urban landscape. It argues that imaginable space can be achieved by creating a mentally identifiable system, with urban patterns, for human physical experimentation and mental recognition to navigate; through agency of this urban system to allow those same dynamics to permeate the history and cultural value of the site; to strengthen the citizen’s recognition of self-identity, which always relates to, and measures itself by, the identity of the land. </p> <p>The outcomes of this research are: an abstract design method that communicates the mental recognition of landscape and its relation to the designed environment; and a physical design solution, testing the abstract method, for a legible and imaginable New Plymouth City.</p>

scholarly journals The Imaginable City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yunyun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Designed Environment

<p><b>The latter half of the 20th century saw rapid urban development, implemented to meet rapid growth and changing infrastructural needs. Cities around the world became designed homogeneously. In the early decades of the 21st century, the re-inhabitation of the post-industrial city has brought opportunities to bring new ideas to this homogeneity; yet templates and formulas still seem to gain ground: cities are losing their identity, as well as their imaginability. Within this problematic context, New Plymouth Central Area is a representative urban space. New Plymouth District Council has proposed a banally universal design framework, that promises only to continue burying the unique identity of its urban space, rather than liberating it to the imagination. The contemporary discipline still tends to design directly for universal human needs; an approach that ends up suggesting a city’s identity to its citizens, rather than empowering citizens to imagine, and then create, that identity.</b></p> <p>This design-led research proposes that landscape design and urban planning can recover the identity of the New Plymouth Central Area by enhancing its legibility and imaginability. It explores techniques for coordinating mental recognition with visual perceptions, to evoke human imagination of a large-scale urban landscape. It argues that imaginable space can be achieved by creating a mentally identifiable system, with urban patterns, for human physical experimentation and mental recognition to navigate; through agency of this urban system to allow those same dynamics to permeate the history and cultural value of the site; to strengthen the citizen’s recognition of self-identity, which always relates to, and measures itself by, the identity of the land. </p> <p>The outcomes of this research are: an abstract design method that communicates the mental recognition of landscape and its relation to the designed environment; and a physical design solution, testing the abstract method, for a legible and imaginable New Plymouth City.</p>

Urban Politics in the United States since 1945

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Geismer
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Politics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
American Cities

Urban politics provides a means to understand the major political and economic trends and transformations of the last seventy years in American cities. The growth of the federal government; the emergence of new powerful identity- and neighborhood-based social movements; and large-scale economic restructuring have characterized American cities since 1945. The postwar era witnessed the expansion of scope and scale of the federal government, which had a direct impact on urban space and governance, particularly as urban renewal fundamentally reshaped the urban landscape and power configurations. Urban renewal and liberal governance, nevertheless, spawned new and often violent tensions and powerful opposition movements among old and new residents. These movements engendered a generation of city politicians who assumed power in the 1970s. Yet all of these figures were forced to grapple with the larger forces of capital flight, privatization, the war on drugs, mass incarceration, immigration, and gentrification. This confluence of factors meant that as many American cities and their political representatives became demographically more diverse by the 1980s and 1990s, they also became increasingly separated by neighborhood boundaries and divided by the forces of class and economic inequality.

scholarly journals Mapping Urban Spatial Structure Based on POI (Point of Interest) Data: A Case Study of the Central City of Lanzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyu Lu ◽  
Min Pang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Hengji Li ◽  
Chengpeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central City ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Geographical Elements ◽  
The City

The study of urban spatial structure is currently one of the most popular research fields in urban geography. This study uses Lanzhou, one of the major cities in Northwest China, as a case area. Using the industry classification of POI data, the nearest-neighbor index, kernel density estimation, and location entropy are adopted to analyze the spatial clustering-discrete distribution characteristics of the overall economic geographical elements of the city center, the spatial distribution characteristics of the various industry elements, and the overall spatial structure characteristics of the city. All of these can provide a scientific reference for the sustainable optimization of urban space. The urban economic geographical elements generally present the distribution trend of center agglomeration. In respect of spatial distribution, the economic geographical elements in the central urban area of Lanzhou have obvious characteristics of central agglomeration. Many industrial elements have large-scale agglomeration centers, which have formed specialized functional areas. There is a clear “central–peripheral” difference distribution in space, with an obvious circular structure. Generally, tertiary industry is distributed in the central area, and secondary industry is distributed in the peripheral areas. In general, a strip-shaped urban spatial structure with a strong main center, weak subcenter and multiple groups is present. Improving the complexity of urban functional space is an important goal of spatial structure optimization.

Milan makes it to the big leagues: A financialized growth machine at work

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Anselmi ◽  
Serena Vicari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Regime Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Growth Machine ◽  
Machine Theory ◽  
International Investors

This article analyses the production of urban space in the globalizing city of Milan, Italy. The authors present the evolution of a 30-year development process in a semi-central area of the city known as Garibaldi Porta Nuova, contrasting present and past conditions. Initial attempts to develop the area began in the early 1980s but came to nothing; a previous study of the same area attributed that failure to the inability of fragmented local political elites to coalesce into an effective pro-growth coalition. In the early 2000s, a new coalition of political and economic actors, in particular financial and real estate interests, revived the process of regeneration and drove construction of a large-scale mixed-use project. This article offers an account of the process in terms of both the internal dynamics of the local coalition and the contextual and institutional factors framing the bargaining of political and economic elites over the development process. We use two theoretical frameworks – growth machine theory and regime theory – to assess the distribution of power and resources. Our analysis indicates that the outcome is the result of a specific growth machine fuelled by international capital, and that changes in the intergovernmental system in Italy induced local political elites to accommodate the requirements of international investors.

scholarly journals A new hybrid method for size and topology optimization of truss structures using modified ALGA and QPGA

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima NOII ◽  
Iman AGHAYAN ◽  
Iman HAJIRASOULIHA ◽  
Mehmet Metin KUNT
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Convergence Rates ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Cholesky Factorization ◽  
Truss Structures ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Traditional Design

Modified Augmented Lagrangian Genetic Algorithm (ALGA) and Quadratic Penalty Function Genetic Algo­rithm (QPGA) optimization methods are proposed to obtain truss structures with minimum structural weight using both continuous and discrete design variables. To achieve robust solutions, Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) with reordering of Cholesky factorization and Moore Penrose Pseudoinverse are used in case of non-singular and singular stiffness matrix, respectively. The efficiency of the proposed nonlinear optimization methods is demonstrated on several practical exam­ples. The results obtained from the Pratt truss bridge show that the optimum design solution using discrete parameters is 21% lighter than the traditional design with uniform cross sections. Similarly, the results obtained from the 57-bar planar tower truss indicate that the proposed design method using continuous and discrete design parameters can be up to 29% and 9% lighter than traditional design solutions, respectively. Through sensitivity analysis, it is shown that the proposed methodology is robust and leads to significant improvements in convergence rates, which should prove useful in large-scale applications.

scholarly journals Identifying Urban Functional Areas in China’s Changchun City from Sentinel-2 Images and Social Sensing Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Shouzhi Chang ◽  
Zongming Wang ◽  
Dehua Mao ◽  
Fusheng Liu ◽  
Lina Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Social Sensing ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Changchun City ◽  
Functional Areas

The urban functional area is critical to an understanding of the complex urban system, resource allocation, and management. However, due to urban surveys’ focus on geographic objects and the mixture of urban space, it is difficult to obtain such information. The function of a place is determined by the activities that take place there. This study employed mobile phone signaling data to extract temporal features of human activities through discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Combined with the features extracted from the point of interest (POI) data and Sentinel images, the urban functional areas of Changchun City were identified using a random forest (RF) model. The results indicate that integrating features derived from remote sensing and social sensing data can effectively improve the identification accuracy and that features derived from dynamic mobile phone signaling have a higher identification accuracy than those derived from POI data. The human activity characteristics on weekends are more distinguishable for different functional areas than those on weekdays. The identified urban functional layout of Changchun is consistent with the actual situation. The residential functional area has the highest proportion, accounting for 33.51%, and is mainly distributed in the central area, while the industrial functional area and green-space are distributed around.

scholarly journals El espacio público en Le Corbusier. Evolución de su pensamiento y de sus estrategias formales

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eusebio Alonso García
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Community Meeting ◽  
Relationship Of

Resumen: Se analiza el papel del espacio público en diferentes obras de Le Corbusier, en sus diferentes categorías –paisaje, espacio urbano, colectivo, comunitario, de encuentro y relación, social, circulatorio, etc. – y en su implicación en las estrategias formales y espaciales. Articularemos estas reflexiones en tres apartados. El primero incidirá en la relación o identificación que se produce entre paisaje y espacio público en sus propuestas urbanísticas en las décadas de los años veinte y treinta. En el segundo apartado contrastaremos las diferencias y similitudes entre dos proyectos, UHM y Ronchamp, entendidos a veces como contradictorios pero en cuya solución proyectual resulta determinante el diseño y ubicación de los espacios colectivos de encuentro y relación de la comunidad; y ello a pesar de sus diferencias programáticas. En el tercer apartado veremos la interacción con el paisaje urbano que establece la dialéctica entre arquitectura y ciudad en dos proyectos de los últimos años, Centro de Artes Visuales Carpenter y Hospital de Venecia. Esta breve selección de edificios y proyectos, dentro de la dilatada producción de Le Corbusier, permitirá, por su adscripción temática y cronológica, establecer una adecuada perspectiva temporal en la compresión del tema y su evolución. Abstract: It is analysed the role of the public space in different works of Le Corbusier, in their different categories - landscape, urban space, collective, community, meeting and relationship, social, circulatory, etc. - and their involvement in formal and spatial strategies. We are going to distribute these reflections into three sections. The first will affect the relationship or identification that occurs between landscape and public space in its urban planning proposals in the decades of the 1920s and 1930s. In the second section, we will contrast the differences and similarities between two projects, UHM y Ronchamp, sometimes understood like contradictory but in whose design solution is determining the design and location of collective spaces of encounter and relationship of the community; and it occurs despite their functional differences. In the third section we will see the interaction with the urban landscape that the dialectic between architecture and town sets in two projects of last years, Carpenter Visuals Arts Center and Venice Hospital. This brief selection of buildings and projects, within the extensive production of Le Corbusier, will allow, by its thematic and chronological affiliation, to establish a suitable temporal perspective in the understanding of the subject and its evolution.  Palabras clave: espacio público; interrelación; paisaje; infraestructura; contexto; ciudad. Keywords: public space; interface; landscape; infrastructure; context; town. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.1012

Research on Technologies about Fuzzy Environment Adaptability Design of Large Scale Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Tie Qiang Ma ◽  
De Bin Sun ◽  
Xing Jia Yao ◽  
Shi Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Environment Factor ◽  
Factor Set

To obtain rational environment adaptability design solution of wind turbine, a fuzzy environment adaptability design method of wind turbine based on core design platform is promoted. Firstly, the core design platform is built based on main structure of wind turbine irrelevant with environment factors. Secondly, the 1:n mapping relationship between environment factor set and environment adaptability technology set is created. Thirdly, the fuzzy relationships between environment adaptability technologies and environment factors are researched, and the relationships include dependency and contradiction. Finally, the quality function deployment (QFD) technology is used to obtain rational environment adaptability design solutions of wind turbine in the known condition of complicated environment factors. The feasibility and availability of the method above mentioned are validated by an example.

scholarly journals Design of a Variable-Stiffness Compliant Skin for a Morphing Leading Edge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3165
Author(s):  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Manufacturing Constraints ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Noise Abatement ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Final Profile

A seamless and smooth morphing leading edge has remarkable potential for noise abatement and drag reduction of civil aircraft. Variable-stiffness compliant skin based on tailored composite laminate is a concept with great potential for morphing leading edge, but the currently proposed methods have difficulty in taking the manufacturing constraints or layup sequence into account during the optimization process. This paper proposes an innovative two-step design method for a variable-stiffness compliant skin of a morphing leading edge, which includes layup optimization and layup adjustment. The combination of these two steps can not only improve the deformation accuracy of the final profile of the compliant skin but also easily and effectively determine the layup sequence of the composite layup. With the design framework, an optimization model is created for a variable-stiffness compliant skin, and an adjustment method for its layups is presented. Finally, the deformed profiles between the directly optimized layups and the adjusted ones are compared to verify its morphing ability and accuracy. The final results demonstrate that the obtained deforming ability and accuracy are suitable for a large-scale aircraft wing.

scholarly journals Optimal Design of Novel Blade Profile for Savonius Wind Turbines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
Tai-Lin Chang ◽  
Shun-Feng Tsai ◽  
Chun-Lung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Blade Profile ◽  
Main Concept

Since the affirming of global warming, most wind energy projects have focused on the large-scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs). In recent years, the fast-growing wind energy sector and the demand for smarter grids have led to the use of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) for decentralized energy generation systems, both in urban and remote rural areas. The goals of this study are to improve the Savonius-type VAWT’s efficiency and oscillation. The main concept is to redesign a Novel Blade profile using the Taguchi Robust Design Method and the ANSYS-Fluent simulation package. The convex contour of the blade faces against the wind, creating sufficient lift force and minimizing drag force; the concave contour faces up to the wind, improving or maintaining the drag force. The result is that the Novel Blade improves blade performance by 65% over the Savonius type at the best angular position. In addition, it decreases the oscillation and noise accordingly. This study achieved its two goals.

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