scholarly journals Sustainable Accountability:   a Dualist Vedic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Samuel David Stewart-Jacks
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Realist Ontology ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge ◽  
Relative Factors

<p>This thesis offers a theory of sustainable accountability informed by Vedic philosophy. Although Vedic philosophy is often described as the philosophy of ancient India, this thesis will explain how relative factors, such as time and place, do not exclude one from experiencing the taste of what is described as the ripened fruit of the tree that is the Vedic literatures. The implications the Vedas have for sustainability stem mainly from their alternative notions of the self and its needs. The Vedas hold that upon a correct evaluation of the needs of the self, an individual will be completely satisfied and will therefore not desire to live and consume in a way that is destructive to their surrounding environment and its inhabitants. Within the Vedic paradigm there are two main divisions of thought - the dualist and non-dualist schools of philosophy. Because they differ in their conceptions of the self, these schools differ markedly in their notions of accountability, welfare and theories of sustainability and social change. Within the social accounting literature, a non-dualist theory of sustainable accountability has been given by Saravanamuthu (2006), but a dualist opinion has not yet been presented. This thesis seeks to introduce dualist Vedic philosophy and its theory of sustainability, and describe how a system of accountability could be constructed upon such a philosophy. In the past, academic scholarship has frowned upon sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas, and has considered their claims to be unverifiable. Therefore this thesis also asserts, using arguments from the critical realist ontology, that sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas should be admissible in academic circles.</p>

scholarly journals Sustainable Accountability:   a Dualist Vedic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Samuel David Stewart-Jacks
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Realist Ontology ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge ◽  
Relative Factors

<p>This thesis offers a theory of sustainable accountability informed by Vedic philosophy. Although Vedic philosophy is often described as the philosophy of ancient India, this thesis will explain how relative factors, such as time and place, do not exclude one from experiencing the taste of what is described as the ripened fruit of the tree that is the Vedic literatures. The implications the Vedas have for sustainability stem mainly from their alternative notions of the self and its needs. The Vedas hold that upon a correct evaluation of the needs of the self, an individual will be completely satisfied and will therefore not desire to live and consume in a way that is destructive to their surrounding environment and its inhabitants. Within the Vedic paradigm there are two main divisions of thought - the dualist and non-dualist schools of philosophy. Because they differ in their conceptions of the self, these schools differ markedly in their notions of accountability, welfare and theories of sustainability and social change. Within the social accounting literature, a non-dualist theory of sustainable accountability has been given by Saravanamuthu (2006), but a dualist opinion has not yet been presented. This thesis seeks to introduce dualist Vedic philosophy and its theory of sustainability, and describe how a system of accountability could be constructed upon such a philosophy. In the past, academic scholarship has frowned upon sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas, and has considered their claims to be unverifiable. Therefore this thesis also asserts, using arguments from the critical realist ontology, that sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas should be admissible in academic circles.</p>

scholarly journals Makna Diri Penyandang Oligodaktili

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Sulaeman Sulaeman ◽  
Deddy Mulyana
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
The Self ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Normal People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village

Indonesia is a developing country, a population of more than a quarter of a billion people with a variety of health problems, including oligodactyly sufferers in the Village of Ulutaue, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. They are different from normal people in the surrounding environment. The symbol "self-identity" is given by a normal person in everyday life. The purpose of this research is to find out and explain the self-meaning oligodactyly sufferers. The method of this research is communication phenomenology, examines the experiences with communication and interaction of natural oligodactyly on the surrounding environment. This research uses a qualitative approach based on the subjective interpretive techniques of data collection through interviews and participatory observations with complementary data based on the perspective of the social action and symbolic interaction. This research involves fifteen subjects with ten men and five women selected by purposive. The results of this research categories such as physical abnormalities and form a physical organ. The selfmeaning of physical abnormalities on the fingers, such as spirit-self, optimistic of abandonment, despair, closed, and lazy. The self-meaning of forms a physical organ with oligodactyly sufferers since birth, such as inflicting shame-self, deserve our pity, willpower hard work, patience, and a driving passion.

scholarly journals The Socio-Materiality of Dirty Work: A Critical Realist Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110113
Author(s):  
Anna Galazka ◽  
Joe O’Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Physical Domain ◽  
Dirty Work ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Realist Ontology ◽  
Realist Perspective

New materialist applications in ‘dirty work’ studies have rightly emphasised the importance of materiality alongside symbolism. However, these approaches have neglected important themes irreducible to the material world, such as temporality, reflexivity and social structure. This article develops an alternative critical realist perspective on socio-materiality in dirty work which emphasises these themes. It draws on 2016–2017 ethnographic data on the work of clinical photographers of wounds in a UK specialist outpatient wound healing clinic. First, it shows how photographers’ reflexivity mediates the relationship between their embodied materiality and their agency in the physical domain. Second, it highlights the temporal dynamics between reflexive agents, their material environment, and the context of their operation. Finally, it emphasises the non-conflationary relationship between the social structures of the medical hierarchy and photographers’ agency in dirty work. Together, these contributions highlight the utility of an emergent, realist ontology in understanding the dynamics of dirty work.

scholarly journals Comment on Naturalizing Critical Realist Social Ontology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Ylikoski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Causal Powers ◽  
Transcendental Arguments ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Argumentative Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Realist Ontology

AbstractThis comment discusses Kaidesoja (2013) and raises the issue whether his analysis justifies stronger conclusions than he presents in the book. My comments focus on four issues. First, I argue that his naturalistic reconstruction of critical realist transcendental arguments shows that transcendental arguments should be treated as a rare curiosity rather than a general argumentative strategy. Second, I suggest that Kaidesoja’s analysis does not really justify his optimism about the usefulness of causal powers ontology in the social sciences. Third, I raise some doubts about the heuristic value of Mario Bunge’s social ontology that Kaidesoja presents as a replacement for critical realist ontology. Finally, I propose an alternative way to analyze failures of aggregativity that might better serve Kaidesoja’s purposes than the Wimsattian scheme he employs in the book.

scholarly journals Critical realism, mimetic theory and social work

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732110088
Author(s):  
Stan Houston ◽  
Calvin Swords
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Mimetic Theory ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Realist Ontology

Summary Scapegoating is a ubiquitous, yet pernicious, phenomenon in today’s world. It manifests in innumerable ways. Social work, in line with its emancipatory value-base, seeks to engage with various scapegoated groups to challenge the experience. In this article, the authors draw on critical realism and mimetic theory to elucidate the causative mechanisms fuelling scapegoating. This is done in order to heighten social workers’ insight into the process and empower targeted groups. Findings Mimetic theory highlights that scapegoating is a product of desire, rivalry and deflection. These are deep-seated mechanisms that are compatible with critical realist ontology and its search for causative properties in the social world. It is argued that critical realism augments mimetic theory by setting it within a much wider and deeper context of understanding. As such, it emphasizes intersecting causes and contingencies such as the role of temporal and spatial factors shaping the scapegoating experience. Applications Social workers can transform these theoretical insights into sensitizing constructs when they facilitate self-directed groupwork with scapegoated groups. Being theoretically informed, they can pose critical questions to group members to assist them to make the link between personal problems and political issues. The aim is to empower these groups so that they can embrace the sociological imagination and act for change.

scholarly journals Anime tourism in Italy: Travelling to the locations of the Studio Ghibli films

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-250
Author(s):  
Giulia Lavarone ◽  
Marco Bellano
Keyword(s):  
Fan Studies ◽  
Media Sociology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Studio Ghibli ◽  
Japanese Animation ◽  
The Relationship

Film-induced tourism, intended as travelling to places where films and TV series have been shot or set, has been extensively studied in the last two decades in several disciplinary fields. For example, the term ‘media pilgrimage’ emerged in media sociology to highlight the sacred dimension these practices may assume, while fan studies have focused on the narrative of affection built upon specific places. Calling forth the relationship between film and landscape, these phenomena have been also explored in the light of film semiotics and media geography. In the past decade, the representation of landscape and the construction of the sense of place in animation benefited from increased scholarly attention; however, the links between tourism and animation still appear under-explored. Japanese animation, because of its prominent use of real locations as the basis for the building of its worlds and the tendency of its fanbases to take action (even in the form of animation-oriented tourism), is an especially promising field, in this respect. In the last fifteen years, a debate on ‘content(s) tourism’ has involved the Japanese government as well as academic scholarship, referring to a wide variety of contents, from novels to films and TV series, anime, manga, and games. The article presents a case study: a discussion of the experience of anime tourists who visited the Italian locations featured in the films by the world-famous animator and director Miyazaki Hayao, especially in Castle in the Sky (1986) and Porco Rosso (1992). The experiences of anime tourists were collected from images and texts shared through the social network Twitter.

Propositions II: Approaches to Reciprocity

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Marcel Hénaff
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Seminal Article

This chapter looks at different approaches to the subject of reciprocity. Whereas many philosophers tend to understand reciprocity as a form of equivalence and a return to the self, many theorists in the social sciences—economists included—view it as a synonym of generosity or a figure of altruism. This divergence should lead one to recommend a dialogue between the two fields to avoid such misunderstandings. But above all, this invites one to recognize that the concept of reciprocity is not well defined and that there is a need to clarify its status, which is at the core of philosophical reflections on the relationships with Others, norms of morality, the social bond, and ultimately the gift itself. The chapter then considers what sociology and anthropology can say about the question, since it comes under the purview of those disciplines to investigate the nature of the relationships observed among members of social groups and attempt to define them. In particular, it assesses two authors whose analyses on this point have marked the debates of the past few decades: sociologist Alvin Gouldner, author of a seminal article on the norm of reciprocity; and anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, whose book of record Stone Age Economics dedicates an entire chapter to defining the nature of practices of reciprocity.

Waiting for Tactile: Robotic and Virtual Experiences in the Fog

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Lucia Cascone ◽  
Aniello Castiglione ◽  
Michele Nappi ◽  
Fabio Narducci ◽  
Ignazio Passero
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Natural Interaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Virtual Experiences

Social robots adopt an emotional touch to interact with users inducing and transmitting humanlike emotions. Natural interaction with humans needs to be in real time and well grounded on the full availability of information on the environment. These robots base their way of communicating on direct interaction (touch, listening, view), supported by a range of sensors on the surrounding environment that provide a radially central and partial knowledge on it. Over the past few years, social robots have been demonstrated to implement different features, going from biometric applications to the fusion of machine learning environmental information collected on the edge. This article aims at describing the experiences performed and still ongoing and characterizes a simulation environment developed for the social robot Pepper that aims to foresee the new scenarios and benefits that tactile connectivity will enable.

scholarly journals Upaya Peningkatan Konsep Diri Positif Peserta Didik Kelas Xii Sma Nahdlatul Ulama 1 Gresik Melalui Forgiveness Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Muhammad Badril Riza
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Guidance Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Forgiveness Therapy ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Questionnaire Research

Abstract Background - There are indications of low positive self-concept, especially in class XII students. Often the negative self-concept experienced by students is more influenced by unfinished emotion, namely feelings of being wronged in the past by the surrounding environment that has not been resolved so as to form various consequences of unconscious behavior in the present. Objective - Describe the application of classical forgiveness therapy guidance services in improving the positive self-concept of class XII students of SMA Nahdlatul Ulama 1 Gresik. Design / methodology / approach - action research guidance and counseling (PTBK). Findings - Improvements in classical guidance services from cycle 1 to cycle 2 have succeeded in increasing the positive self-concept of students as evidenced by the decline in students in the low and very low categories on the results of the self-concept questionnaire. Research implications - This study provides contributions in the management of students' self-concepts. Research limitations - This research on guidance and counseling was carried out with due regard to pandemic conditions during the study. So that service settings are also limited by space (keep distance) and time. For further researchers, this can be done more optimally through different service designs under normal conditions.

scholarly journals What Does #Freedom Look Like? Instagram and the Visual Imagination of Values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Trillò ◽  
Rebecca Scharlach ◽  
Blake Hallinan ◽  
Bumsoo Kim ◽  
Saki Mizoroki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
The Self ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Visual Imagination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The Social

Abstract Instagram is the place for the visualization of everything, from travel and food to abstract concepts such as freedom. Over the past decade, the platform has introduced a bottom-up process where users co-produce image repertoires that shape the boundaries of the imaginable. Drawing on an epistemology of social constructionism, we ask which visual repertoires are associated with value-related terms on Instagram. We studied 20 widely used value hashtags, sampling the top 100 posts for each (N = 2,000). A combined qualitative–quantitative content analysis revealed that 19 of the 20 hashtags possess distinct visual footprints, typically reflecting an orientation toward the self and an emphasis on consumption. We conclude by discussing three implications of our findings: the role of images in the social construction of the meaning of values, the distinction between internalized and externalized value depictions, and aestheticized consumption as an organizing principle of Instagram’s mainstream.

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