scholarly journals Human Activities and Flood Hazards and Risks in the South West Pacific: a Case Study of the Navua Catchment Area, Fiji Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Katalaine Duaibe
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Catchment Areas

<p>Human activity is increasingly becoming a factor contributing to 'disasters' that occur worldwide. As evident in the Asian Tsunami of 2004, the high levels of loss of life and livelihood, and damage to property were largely due to the population density and human development of the physical landscape of the stricken region. The magnitude of natural hazards coupled with the high population density and low levels of development can have disastrous or catastrophic impacts on a nation as a whole, especially in small island states. Furthermore, the lack of governance structures, legislative compliance, and regulatory land use and planning coupled with the perception of risk of the general public, can all contribute to the magnitude of disasters. The flood plains of Navua, a small rural town outside of Fiji's capital and prone to all types of flooding, are explored to determine the extent to which human activities impact on the magnitude of flooding and flood damage. Human activities such as land degradation, deforestation of catchment areas, increased population density along the Navua riverbanks inadequate land use planning, zoning, and control of flood plain development; and inadequate drainage, and management of discharges are examined when determining the factors that have contributed to the increased incidence of flooding of the past 100 years until 2004. The evolution of different governmental approaches to hazard and risk management in Fiji is also explored. It is observed that while considerable progress has been made to address the factors causing high risk, there is still an emphasis on hazard mitigation rather than risk reduction. A model framework for flood risk management is referred to, where the elements at risk are the land-use characteristics of the Navua Catchment. As such, part of the treatment of risks is seen as requiring adequate risk management standards that fit into the broader 'all-hazards management' approach adopted by the Pacific Island Nations including Fiji.</p>

scholarly journals Human Activities and Flood Hazards and Risks in the South West Pacific: a Case Study of the Navua Catchment Area, Fiji Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Katalaine Duaibe
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Catchment Areas

<p>Human activity is increasingly becoming a factor contributing to 'disasters' that occur worldwide. As evident in the Asian Tsunami of 2004, the high levels of loss of life and livelihood, and damage to property were largely due to the population density and human development of the physical landscape of the stricken region. The magnitude of natural hazards coupled with the high population density and low levels of development can have disastrous or catastrophic impacts on a nation as a whole, especially in small island states. Furthermore, the lack of governance structures, legislative compliance, and regulatory land use and planning coupled with the perception of risk of the general public, can all contribute to the magnitude of disasters. The flood plains of Navua, a small rural town outside of Fiji's capital and prone to all types of flooding, are explored to determine the extent to which human activities impact on the magnitude of flooding and flood damage. Human activities such as land degradation, deforestation of catchment areas, increased population density along the Navua riverbanks inadequate land use planning, zoning, and control of flood plain development; and inadequate drainage, and management of discharges are examined when determining the factors that have contributed to the increased incidence of flooding of the past 100 years until 2004. The evolution of different governmental approaches to hazard and risk management in Fiji is also explored. It is observed that while considerable progress has been made to address the factors causing high risk, there is still an emphasis on hazard mitigation rather than risk reduction. A model framework for flood risk management is referred to, where the elements at risk are the land-use characteristics of the Navua Catchment. As such, part of the treatment of risks is seen as requiring adequate risk management standards that fit into the broader 'all-hazards management' approach adopted by the Pacific Island Nations including Fiji.</p>

scholarly journals GIS Based Novel Hybrid Computational Intelligence Models for Mapping Landslide Susceptibility: A Case Study at Da Lat City, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet-Tien Nguyen ◽  
Trong Hien Tran ◽  
Ngoc Anh Ha ◽  
Van Liem Ngo ◽  
Al-Ansari Nadhir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Intelligence Models ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Maps

Landslides affect properties and the lives of a large number of people in many hilly parts of Vietnam and in the world. Damages caused by landslides can be reduced by understanding distribution, nature, mechanisms and causes of landslides with the help of model studies for better planning and risk management of the area. Development of landslide susceptibility maps is one of the main steps in landslide management. In this study, the main objective is to develop GIS based hybrid computational intelligence models to generate landslide susceptibility maps of the Da Lat province, which is one of the landslide prone regions of Vietnam. Novel hybrid models of alternating decision trees (ADT) with various ensemble methods, namely bagging, dagging, MultiBoostAB, and RealAdaBoost, were developed namely B-ADT, D-ADT, MBAB-ADT, RAB-ADT, respectively. Data of 72 past landslide events was used in conjunction with 11 landslide conditioning factors (curvature, distance from geological boundaries, elevation, land use, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), relief amplitude, stream density, slope, lithology, weathering crust and soil) in the development and validation of the models. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and several statistical measures were applied to validate these models. Results indicated that performance of all the models was good (AUC value greater than 0.8) but B-ADT model performed the best (AUC= 0.856). Landslide susceptibility maps generated using the proposed models would be helpful to decision makers in the risk management for land use planning and infrastructure development.

scholarly journals Flood Risk and River Conservation: Mapping Citizen Perception to Support Sustainable River Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Scaini ◽  
Ana Stritih ◽  
Constance Brouillet ◽  
Chiara Scaini
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Local Community ◽  
River Management ◽  
River Conservation

Involving citizens in river and flood risk management is critical for risk reduction and sustainable development within river basins, but local community input is often limited. This is partly due to the difficulty of quantifying the perceived values and risks related to the rivers, because these are based on personal knowledge and opinions. There is a need for more data on locals’ opinions and how they are spatially distributed across the river basin. Studies analyzing how perceived risks match evidence-based data can be a first step to including local knowledge in the decision-making process and pose the basis to enhance preparedness. Here, we present a blueprint questionnaire to characterize the perception of flood risk and its spatial distribution across the river basin. Respondents are asked their perception of the role of the river in terms of flood risk and management, as well as to pinpoint on a map the areas they identify as the most dangerous during floods. The approach is tested on the Tagliamento River in the Italian Alps, characterized by debates regarding flood protection, flood management and ecological conservation. The flood risk perception map shows good agreement between perceived risk and existing flood risk assessment maps in the lower basin, where major floods happened in recent memory (1966). In the upper basin, despite having suffered frequent floods, participants are more uncertain about the risks. There is interest in being involved in the risk management debate, and most respondents believe that risk reduction and river conservation are compatible. Land use planning is identified as a factor that can increase flood risk. The results point to the necessity to tackle together conservation, risk management and land use planning in order to develop risk-oriented river management strategies. Our study demonstrates how online participatory mapping can be used to improve the understanding of citizens’ perceptions and expectations with regards to their river, and support participation in sustainable river management.

scholarly journals Discriminatory land use planning and flood risk management in Karonga Town, Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 3343
Author(s):  
James Gondwe ◽  
Mtafu Zeleza .A Manda ◽  
Dominic Kamlomo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Flood Disaster

This study examines how discriminatory land use planning predisposes the low income residents to flood disaster risks in Karonga town, Malawi. Using a qualitative research design, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten government and non government institutions engaged in land use planning and disaster risk management and traditional leaders. The study showed that theoretical aims of land use planning to improve the living environment remain partial and in certain cases exacerbate risks posed by floods because the planning tool divides the urban landscape into formal and informal spaces. Such separation which coincided with incomes levels forced the marginalised and urban poor to occupy flood-prone areas While literature on flood control promotes an integrated approach to flood risk management, land use planning practice is singled out as a regulatory measure which ironically not only fails to meet the needs, but also increases vulnerability to flood risks, of the urban poor residents. The study further revealed that land use planning has failed to reduce flood disaster risks in informal spaces because it is not compatible with the needs of the urban poor.

Land use planning and overseas production

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Rajabi ◽  
Hugo A. Loáiciga
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Land use planning is defined as the regulation of the relationship between space and human activities. Space occupied by human settlements, farmland and forests, parks, fallow land, rivers and lakes, and by transportation networks constitutes a network of areas dedicated to land uses such as agriculture, forestry, rangeland, industry, mining, recreation, and fishing. Land use planning is a comprehensive and long-term approach to planning human relations and their activities in space; it is the task of regulating and coordinating the strategies and general orientations of sectors, and it is the foundation of economies and human activities. The purpose of land use planning is to achieve an optimal distribution of economic and social activities. Land use selection and management are commonly done without regard to the carrying capacity of the land which, when exceeded, results in economic losses and in a reduction of environmental quality. The overall goal of land use planning is to achieve the optimal use of the land within the national interest framework. Accordingly, formulating a successful plan for managing the development of a country requires proper attention to the roles of geography and land use. Creation of a suitable balance between the Earth and its use by human activities can be achieved by proper land management. The increasing importance of environmental issues and human alteration of natural environments calls for sustainable development and land use practices that conserve natural resources while benefiting society and the environment. Nowadays, due to many factors such as climate change, population growth, changing standards of living, poverty, access to education, and mismanagement of natural and water resources, there is a need to diversify food and agricultural production in a variety of ways. Overseas cultivation is one of them, and it has potential for improving agricultural production. The practice of overseas cultivation by a country means planting and harvesting of a variety of agricultural products in other countries to be sold in its domestic market or in foreign markets. There are five basic principles that underline the success of overseas cultivation involving any group of countries: (1) mutual respect for the governance of all countries; (2) making and abiding by agreements between the countries; (3) non-interference in the internal problems of each country and respect for the territorial integrity of all countries; (4) optimal use of human resources and capacities to support agricultural activities and trade; and (5) expanding security and military cooperation.

An inexact risk management model for agricultural land-use planning under water shortage

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Changchun Feng ◽  
Chao Dai ◽  
Yongping Li ◽  
Chunhui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Agricultural Land Use

scholarly journals PENATAGUNAAN TANAH BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DALAM MENUNJANG SISTEM DAN USAHA AGRIBISNIS DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
R. Kunto Adi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Blue Print

<p>Development of agricultural sector, especiallly for agribusiness sector that problems by large of conversion of agricultural land to used for non agricultural, that cause  acess  farmers  toward  agrarian  resources,  especially  limited  of  land.  Except that,  factors  of  the  lack  of  land  ownership  and  authority,  threatened  of  farmers existance on to become cause of agrarian conflict in rural area that more and more glow.  The  problem  of  agrarian  conflict  trigger  by  more  and  more  increased  of developmnet  activity.  This  condition  will  have  consequence  to  occur  conflict  in utilizing of land. Except that, too much land resources that carry on not yet or to use appropriate with allocation, to much of occur land utilizing that not appropriate with phisically potency of land and appropriate with land use planning of region. Because of that be needed maked grow about important of land utilizing in a plan manner, in order that used optimally, harmonious, balanced, dan sustainable. Because of that be needed efforts land use planning managemet. Land  use planning must be done with participating  of  community  (farmers)  in  decision  making  of  development  policy  in order that used integrative, so effort in land use planning process, from a planning, implementation,  and  supervision.  In  implementation  this  programme,  land  use planning  must  be  with  community  management  approach,  for  actualization  of community  capacity  and  potency  or  community  empowering  approach.  Programme that  become  form  land  use  planning  management  with  character  of  bottom  up approach and used to blue print that not to character of dependency creating, until programme  that  become  from  land  use  planning  management  basic  to  community must be character of empowering, with the result that community especially farmers not only as object, but like  subject, especially for implementation of land use planning process in agribusiness system and business.</p><p> </p><p>Pengembangan sektor pertanian, terutama sektor agribisnis, terkendala oleh banyaknya alih fungsi lahan pertanian ke penggunaan non pertanian, yang mengakibatkan akses petani terhadap sumber daya agraria, terutama tanah, menjadi sangat terbatas. Selain itu faktor kesenjangan penguasaan dan kepemilikan tanah dan terancamnya eksistensi diri para petani pada gilirannya menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya konflik pertanahan di pedesaan yang kian marak. Masalah pertanahan dipicu oleh semakin meningkatnya kegiatan pembangunan akan makin banyak memerlukan tanah ditengah-tengah keterbatasan persediaan akan sumber daya tanah itu sendiri. Hal ini akan berakibat pada terjadinya persaingan dalam penggunaan tanah, semakin menurunnya kemampuan daya tampung suatu wilayah dan mendorong terjadinya penggunaan tanah tanpa memperhatikan kondisi kemampuan tanah serta kelestarian lingkungannya. Dilain pihak, banyak tanah-tanah yang belum diusahakan atau dimanfaatkan sesuai dengan peruntukkannya, dan sebaliknya, banyak terjadi penggunaan tanah yang tidak sesuai dengan potensi fisik tanah dan arahan yang telah digariskan dalam rencana tata ruangnya. Untuk itu perlu ditumbuhkan tentang arti penting penggunaan tanah secara terencana, agar diperoleh manfaat yang optimal, serasi, seimbang dan lestari. Oleh karena itu perlu upaya pengelolaan tata guna tanah atau Penatagunaan Tanah. Penatagunaan tanah harus dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan masyarakat (petani) dalam pengambilan kebijakan pembangunan secara integratif, termasuk juga dalam proses penatagunaan tanah, dari mulai perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan. Dalam implementasinya, proses penatagunaan tanah harus dengan pendekatan <em>community management</em> untuk mengaktualisasikan potensi masyarakat <em>(empowering)</em>. Program-program yang lahir dari manajemen penatagunaan tanah bersifat <em>bottom up</em> dan<em> blue print</em> yang tidak bersifat <em>dependency creating</em>, sehingga program yang lahir dari manajemen penatagunaan tanah berbasis masyarakat cenderung bersifat <em>empowering</em>, sehingga masyarakat terutama petani tidak hanya sebagai obyek, tetapi sebagai subyek, dalam implementasi proses penatagunaan tanah dalam sistem dan usaha agribisnis di Indonesia.</p>

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