scholarly journals Opportunities in Otaki for Improved Energy Efficiency in Retail Lighting and Its Offsetting through Renewable Resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Quinten Heap
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Energy Audits ◽  
Pv Generation

<p>In 2010 the town of Otaki decided to go "Off the Grid", obtaining all its electricity supply from renewable resources. To support this goal, this thesis documents and quantifies the electricity demand for the Otaki retail stores along State Highway 1. It was found the majority of the load in these 33 stores was for lighting. To minimise the renewable electricity generation capital requirements, the load was optimised by exploring energy efficiency opportunities. Energy audits to AS/NZS 3598:2000 Energy Audit Level 2 were undertaken in 23 of the stores. These created a consistent set of data on the lighting load and energy consumption. Potential energy savings opportunities were then identified to reduce the lighting load by 26% through lamp replacement and removal. When combined with improved lighting management, these could reduce annual electricity consumption by 34% to 248,321 kWh. An investigation of available renewable resources (Photovoltaic (PV), wind and hydroelectric) found that PV generation was the most suitable for this urban setting. PV generation using 53 by 4 kW panels, at a capital cost of $1.3 million, which would generate 250,425 kWh per year. This would meet the annual electricity demand, but there would be a summer surplus and winter deficit. The absence of net metering provision makes this option uneconomic, although the creation of an Otaki mini-grid may be a viable alternative.</p>

scholarly journals Opportunities in Otaki for Improved Energy Efficiency in Retail Lighting and Its Offsetting through Renewable Resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Quinten Heap
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Energy Audits ◽  
Pv Generation

<p>In 2010 the town of Otaki decided to go "Off the Grid", obtaining all its electricity supply from renewable resources. To support this goal, this thesis documents and quantifies the electricity demand for the Otaki retail stores along State Highway 1. It was found the majority of the load in these 33 stores was for lighting. To minimise the renewable electricity generation capital requirements, the load was optimised by exploring energy efficiency opportunities. Energy audits to AS/NZS 3598:2000 Energy Audit Level 2 were undertaken in 23 of the stores. These created a consistent set of data on the lighting load and energy consumption. Potential energy savings opportunities were then identified to reduce the lighting load by 26% through lamp replacement and removal. When combined with improved lighting management, these could reduce annual electricity consumption by 34% to 248,321 kWh. An investigation of available renewable resources (Photovoltaic (PV), wind and hydroelectric) found that PV generation was the most suitable for this urban setting. PV generation using 53 by 4 kW panels, at a capital cost of $1.3 million, which would generate 250,425 kWh per year. This would meet the annual electricity demand, but there would be a summer surplus and winter deficit. The absence of net metering provision makes this option uneconomic, although the creation of an Otaki mini-grid may be a viable alternative.</p>

Energy Efficiency Measures for a High-Tech Building with a Solar Roof

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1233-1238
Author(s):  
Yao Lin Lin ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Ming Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Demand Reduction

This paper presents the implementation of energy efficiency measures in a building that consists of office, lab and clean room area. Total Performance Oriented Optimization and Retrofits (TPORs) were implemented. 594 kW solar panels were installed on the roof and connected to the electrical grid during the optimization process. Ten power meters were installed throughout the building to measure the total building electricity demand, solar generated electricity demand, HVAC and non-HVAC-equipment demand to quantify the energy savings from the implementation of the energy efficiency measures and savings from the solar panels. The electricity savings from optimization on the HVAC system is about 7,209,000kWh/year (194.4kWh/m2-year), which is about 30% of the total building electricity consumption with peak demand reduction of 935 kW. There savings come from the solar panel is 811,925 kWh/yr; however, it effectively reduced the peak electricity demand by 302.6 kW.

scholarly journals Measuring aggregate electricity savings from the diffusion of more efficient lighting technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Moral-Carcedo ◽  
Julián Pérez-García
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Policy Measure ◽  
Halogen Light ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIncreasing concerns about sustainability and energy conservation, coupled with the proliferation of incentives in the EU to achieve energy savings, suggest that significant improvements in energy efficiency should be realized. A policy measure that should have a direct impact on energy savings is the replacement of incandescent and halogen light bulbs by more efficient lighting technologies, which was implemented in 2009. Due to the lack of detailed data, it is not feasible to measure the effect of energy-efficient improvements on electricity consumption at the aggregate level using a bottom-up approach. To overcome this limitation, this paper analyzes hourly electricity demand in a very specific period of the day: the transition from day to night. In this short period, it is plausible that lighting is the main driver of changes in electricity demand, thus making it possible to estimate the increase in electricity consumption when lights are switched on and to analyze the effects of higher energy efficiency in lighting, if any. The results of the analysis for Spain show that during the periods 2009–2011 and 2015–2016, an estimated energy savings of 251 GWh can be attributed to a reduction in the magnitude of the lighting effect, which accounts for 20.3% of the observed decrease in electricity consumption during these two periods.

scholarly journals Minimal Monitoring of Improvements in Energy Performance after Envelope Renovation in Subsidized Single Family Housing in Madrid

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Fernando Martín-Consuegra ◽  
Fernando de Frutos ◽  
Ignacio Oteiza ◽  
Carmen Alonso ◽  
Borja Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Nineteen Fifties ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Urban Complex

This study quantified the improvement in energy efficiency following passive renovation of the thermal envelope in highly inefficient residential complexes on the outskirts of the city of Madrid. A case study was conducted of a single-family terrace housing, representative of the smallest size subsidized dwellings built in Spain for workers in the nineteen fifties and sixties. Two units of similar characteristics, one in its original state and the other renovated, were analyzed in detail against their urban setting with an experimental method proposed hereunder for simplified, minimal monitoring. The dwellings were compared on the grounds of indoor environment quality parameters recorded over a period covering both winter and summer months. That information was supplemented with an analysis of the energy consumption metered. The result was a low-cost, reasonably accurate measure of the improvements gained in the renovated unit. The monitoring output data were entered in a theoretical energy efficiency model for the entire neighborhood to obtain an estimate of the potential for energy savings if the entire urban complex were renovated.

scholarly journals Determining the efficiency of residential electricity consumption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Andor ◽  
David H. Bernstein ◽  
Stephan Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Residential Electricity ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Residential Electricity Consumption ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

AbstractIncreasing energy efficiency is a key global policy goal for climate protection. An important step toward an optimal reduction of energy consumption is the identification of energy saving potentials in different sectors and the best strategies for increasing efficiency. This paper analyzes these potentials in the household sector by estimating the degree of inefficiency in the use of electricity and its determinants. Using stochastic frontier analysis and disaggregated household data, we estimate an input requirement function and inefficiency on a sample of 2000 German households. Our results suggest that the mean inefficiency amounts to around 20%, indicating a notable potential for energy savings. Moreover, we find that household size and income are among the main determinants of individual inefficiency. This information can be used to increase the cost-efficiency of programs aimed to enhance energy efficiency.

Wind energy and the historic environment: A business-driven symbiosis approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110148
Author(s):  
George A Xydis ◽  
Katerina Kremastioti ◽  
Maria Panagiotidou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Optimum Energy

The present study discusses alternative ways of achieving optimum energy efficiency for historic buildings in areas where sustainable energy projects are planned. About 25% of Europe’s building stock was constructed before the mid-20th century and despite EU’s strenuous efforts for the protection and conservation of historic buildings and complexes, achieving energy efficiency with the minimum or preferably no intervention remains as a requirement. The settlement of Monemvasia, has been selected as our case study. A model building was chosen, its special characteristics are presented, and four solutions to the energy efficiency upgrade of the building were tested: (a) the application of internal insulation, (b) a heat pump installation, (c) the application of roof insulation, and (d) the replacement of the internal doorframes. The four scenarios were simulated via the TEE-KENAK software and the percentage of the annual energy saved through the application of each one of the mentioned measures was estimated. The results proved that installing a heat pump and internal insulation would maximise energy savings. Coupling the energy demand of the settlement in correlation with a wind energy project in the wider area, and the available curtailment was explored. The results showed that if 300 houses decide on acquiring their electricity consumption from the local wind independent power producer, at a price of EUR 35/MWh, the possible profit from the market could reach EUR100,000 per year. Such a business-driven concept could be extrapolated and evolve into a holistic wind energy and historic environment symbiosis setting.

scholarly journals Impact of Energy Monitoring and Management Systems on the Implementation and Planning of Energy Performance Improved Actions: An Empirical Analysis Based on Energy Audits in Italy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4723
Author(s):  
Carlos Herce ◽  
Enrico Biele ◽  
Chiara Martini ◽  
Marcello Salvio ◽  
Claudia Toro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Energy Monitoring ◽  
Energy Audits ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of monitoring tools and energy management systems (EnMSs) supports companies in their long-term energy efficiency strategies, and they are essential to analyse the effectiveness of energy performance improvement actions (EPIAs). The first fundamental step towards increasing energy efficiency is the development of energy audits (EAs). EAs provide comprehensive information about the energy usage in a specific facility, identifying and quantifying cost-effective EPIAs. The crucial role of these tools in clean energy transition is remarked by the European Energy Efficiency Directive (EED), which promotes the implementation of EAs and EnMS programmes. The purpose of this work is to better understand the link between EnMSs (specifically ISO 50001) and EAs in the EED Article 8 implementation in two industrial and two tertiary sectors in Italy. Moreover, the impact of company size, energy monitoring systems, and EnMSs on planned and/or implemented EPIAs is analysed. Our findings show that, albeit the complexity of the variables involved in energy efficiency gap, the “energy savings/company” and “EPIA/site” ratios are higher in enterprises with an EnMS and monitoring system. Thus, a correct energy audit must always be accompanied by a specific monitoring plan if it is to be effective and useful to the company decision maker.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Increasing of Energy Efficiency in a Small Enterprises - Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Milan Perný ◽  
Vladimír Šály ◽  
Milan Andráš ◽  
Lukáš Valášek ◽  
Juraj Packa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Building Operation ◽  
A Current

Reducing the electricity consumption is a current trend which has an economic, social and environmental impact. Measures which are outlined to increase efficiency are also supported by legislation and could be funded from the national or European funds in EU countries. In Slovakia, there are many establishments, public buildings and households built in past decades where energy is being wasted. Approximately the share one third of the consumed energy in Slovakia belongs to industry. This statistic naturally legitimizes the effort to achieve energy savings in this segment. We choose a body which is in use partially as commercial offices and partially as production facility. The matter was to identify areas with excessive energy consumption and propose appropriate measures to avoid unnecessary losses. The paper presents more aspects of building operation regarding of energy consumption, especially in relation with old buildings with more structural and operational defects and propose some ways of the improvements the energy efficiency. The work also includes experimental data and simplified economy considerations related to the proposed measures. Finally the step model is presented in order to simplify the decision making process. The model is relevant and also applicable generally for the other engineering disciplines.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of modernization of translucent building envelope structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Vitalii Burmaka ◽  
◽  
Mykola Tarasenko ◽  
Kateryna Kozak ◽  
Oleksandr Burmaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Cooling Period

The article focuses on determining the energy efficiency of the translucent structures of building envelope (TSBE) use with different lighting and thermal parameters. The expediency of replacing TSBE with more modern ones with higher thermal resistance and lower solar radiations relative penetration coefficient (SRRPC) is considered. The comparison was made taking into account the influence of TSBE parameters on electricity consumption in the office premises on the compensation of heat energy losses, as well as its savings due to the receipt of solar radiation during the heating period, the removal of excess heat during the cooling period and energy savings through the use of daylight during a year. It was found that despite the smaller glazing area and light-transmitting characteristics of configuration No. 3 (profile Veka Softline 82 with triple-glazed window 4Solar-16Ar-4-12Ar-4і), electricity savings when changing the configuration of TSBE No. 1 to No. 3 leads to energy savings of 31.7 kWh/yr with the TSBE area of 0.5 m2 to 419.5 kWh/yr at 6 m2, and when replacing configuration No2 by No3 – from 24.7 (STSBE = 0.5 m2) up to 397.2 (STSBE = 6 m2). This makes it possible to determine the energy and economic feasibility of TSBE modernization by installing metal-plastic structures with different lighting and thermal parameters.

scholarly journals Framework for developing a new model of risk classification according to the energy usage of companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1150-1161
Author(s):  
Ana Șerbănescu ◽  
Michael Krutwig
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Energy Audits ◽  
Main Component

Abstract In the last 50 years, both the authorities and the majority of the citizens have understood the need to enforce measures to both preserve energy and reduce the costs of producing it. Nowadays, every developed country has correlated the profitability and the competitiveness of its industry with the efficient and sustainable use of energy and is therefore making conscious efforts to improve these areas. Any action program deemed to enhance energy efficiency has as main component the critical analysis of the energetic resources allocated to an activity in a given perimeter, also known as energy audit. This paper aims to develop a model of risk classification to be applied in planning and performing procedures during energy audit, which can allow a common framework to be developed in this area of audit. The stakeholders of the entity will also be offered a unitary perspective regarding the risks of the respective business, which can be helpful in their decision-making process. The research methodology of this paper consists of quantitative instruments, namely the statistical analysis of a database containing energy audit conclusions of companies in Europe. The indicators used will relate to energy savings, the number of measures implemented as a result of the audit, the percentage of energy saved from total consumption (energy efficiency) and the business line of the company. The novelty this framework will bring consists of the congruence created in the energy audit procedures of different practices and of the standardization and quality improvement in energy audit opinions. The approach of energy audits will therefore evolve towards a risk based one, rather than an analytical one. Also, we will explain the importance of energy savings for the profitability and the competitiveness of companies in the economy today, while facilitating a transparent communication with the stakeholders. This analysis is relevant especially given the fact that the cycle of 4 years after the directive of mandatory energy audit has been enforced ends with 2018 and a conclusion can be drawn before the new audit period starts in 2019.

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