scholarly journals Examining an Organisational Justice Model of Perceived Discrimination in the New Zealand Workforce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lachlan Davis
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Interpersonal Justice ◽  
Organisational Justice ◽  
Justice Model ◽  
Measure Of Discrimination ◽  
The Impact

<p>The current study proposes a model to examine the impact of organisational justice on perceived discrimination and work attitudes/behaviour. The model also examines the influence of ethnicity and support for diversity on these relationships. Two studies were conducted using separate samples which collected data from 1,554 employees in 2010 and 2012. Study 1 used an overall measure of perceived racial discrimination whilst study 2 used a 4-part general measure of discrimination. Regression analysis from both studies showed that interpersonal justice is active in predicting perceptions of discrimination, and these perceptions are associated with negative outcomes for work attitudes and behaviour. Support for diversity largely mitigated the negative effects of discrimination on work behaviour. A lack of predicted results for work attitudes may indicate that processes resulting from discrimination differ according to work attitudes and behaviour. Conclusions and avenues for future research are discussed</p>

scholarly journals Examining an Organisational Justice Model of Perceived Discrimination in the New Zealand Workforce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lachlan Davis
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Interpersonal Justice ◽  
Organisational Justice ◽  
Justice Model ◽  
Measure Of Discrimination ◽  
The Impact

<p>The current study proposes a model to examine the impact of organisational justice on perceived discrimination and work attitudes/behaviour. The model also examines the influence of ethnicity and support for diversity on these relationships. Two studies were conducted using separate samples which collected data from 1,554 employees in 2010 and 2012. Study 1 used an overall measure of perceived racial discrimination whilst study 2 used a 4-part general measure of discrimination. Regression analysis from both studies showed that interpersonal justice is active in predicting perceptions of discrimination, and these perceptions are associated with negative outcomes for work attitudes and behaviour. Support for diversity largely mitigated the negative effects of discrimination on work behaviour. A lack of predicted results for work attitudes may indicate that processes resulting from discrimination differ according to work attitudes and behaviour. Conclusions and avenues for future research are discussed</p>

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Automation, Robotics, Future of Work and Future of Humanity

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyu Wang ◽  
Keng Siau
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

The exponential advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, robotics, and automation are rapidly transforming industries and societies across the world. The way we work, the way we live, and the way we interact with others are expected to be transformed at a speed and scale beyond anything we have observed in human history. This new industrial revolution is expected, on one hand, to enhance and improve our lives and societies. On the other hand, it has the potential to cause major upheavals in our way of life and our societal norms. The window of opportunity to understand the impact of these technologies and to preempt their negative effects is closing rapidly. Humanity needs to be proactive, rather than reactive, in managing this new industrial revolution. This article looks at the promises, challenges, and future research directions of these transformative technologies. Not only are the technological aspects investigated, but behavioral, societal, policy, and governance issues are reviewed as well. This research contributes to the ongoing discussions and debates about AI, automation, machine learning, and robotics. It is hoped that this article will heighten awareness of the importance of understanding these disruptive technologies as a basis for formulating policies and regulations that can maximize the benefits of these advancements for humanity and, at the same time, curtail potential dangers and negative impacts.

Unexpected Arrivals

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilyn Ruble Whitesell ◽  
Leanna Stiefel ◽  
Amy Ellen Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
English Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Across the country and in urban areas in particular, many students change schools during the academic year. While much research documents the impact of changing schools on the academic achievement of mobile students themselves, less research explores whether new arrivals have negative spillovers on stable classmates. The lack of research on impacts of mid-year entry is problematic, as poor, minority, and low-achieving students are disproportionately exposed to mid-year entry. In this study, we use a rigorous causal identification strategy and rich longitudinal data on fourth- through eighth-grade students in the New York City (NYC) public schools to estimate the impact of exposure to mid-year entry on the achievement of stable students. We analyze heterogeneous effects of mid-year entrants by origin (arriving from other NYC public schools, from other U.S. school systems, or from other countries), determine the extent to which mid-year entrants’ characteristics mediate the impact of mid-year entry, and explore the moderating influence of stable students’ characteristics. We find small negative effects of mid-year entry on both math and English language arts test scores in the short run. These impacts are not driven by mid-year entrant characteristics and are somewhat larger for Asian students and those who do not qualify for free or reduced-price lunch. Finally, results suggest mid-year entry continues to negatively influence the math performance of stable students beyond the year of exposure. We discuss the relevance of results and conclude with recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals The Negative Influence of Air Travel on Health and Performance in the National Basketball Association: A Narrative Review

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Huyghe ◽  
Aaron Scanlan ◽  
Vincent Dalbo ◽  
Julio Calleja-González
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Air travel requirements are a concern for National Basketball Association (NBA) coaches, players, and owners, as sport-based research has demonstrated short-haul flights (≤6 h) increase injury risk and impede performance. However, examination of the impact of air travel on player health and performance specifically in the NBA is scarce. Therefore, we conducted a narrative review of literature examining the influence of air travel on health and performance in team sport athletes with suggestions for future research directions in the NBA. Prominent empirical findings and practical recommendations are highlighted pertaining to sleep, nutrition, recovery, and scheduling strategies to alleviate the negative effects of air travel on health and performance in NBA players.

It’s Of(fish)cial: Pulp Mill Effluent Can Alter Reproductive Cycles of Ontario Fish

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hovey ◽  
Robert Fillier ◽  
Christopher Heysel ◽  
Laura Lintott ◽  
Andrew Lue
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
The Impact

Pulp and paper mills are of economic importance in Canada, however their effluent waste is being channeled into water bodies and causing a variety of negative effects in aquatic ecosystems. Pulp mill effluents are chemical compounds which are oxygen consuming, persistent, and toxic, and have the capacity to mimic physiological compounds. A review of current literature on pulp mill effluent reveals that these chemicals can mimic the reproductive hormones of fish, thereby having effects on local fish reproductive cycles. These reproductive alterations include decreased steroidogenesis, reduced gonad size, and altered expression of secondary sex characteristics that together can affect the health of wild fish populations. However, there has been considerable variation found in the effects of pulp mill effluent based on chemical composition of the pollutants, and the sex, species, and exposure duration of the affected fish. Biotreatment has been considered as a viable option for reducing the impact of effluent on fish reproduction. We suggest that alterations in reproductive cycles can have downstream effects through trophic cascades which in turn may have widespread effects on community structure. Future research should include analysis of long term consequences on multiple species in affected ecosystems, as well as further study on the use of biotreatment to reduce the impact of effluent.

scholarly journals The Rise of Elite Short-Course Triathlon Re-Emphasises the Necessity to Transition Efficiently from Cycling to Running

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Joel A. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Impact

Transitioning efficiently between cycling and running is considered an indication of overall performance, and as a result the cycle–run (C–R) transition is one of the most researched areas of triathlon. Previous studies have thoroughly investigated the impact of prior cycling on running performance. However, with the increasing number of short-course events and the inclusion of the mixed relay at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, efficiently transitioning from cycle–run has been re-emphasised and with it, any potential limitations to running performance among elite triathletes. This short communication provides coaches and sports scientists a review of the literature detailing the negative effects of prior variable-cycling on running performance experienced among elite, short-course and Olympic distance triathletes; as well as discussing practical methods to minimise any negative impact of cycling on running performance. The current literature suggests that variable-cycling negatively effects running ability in at least some elite triathletes and that improving swimming performance, drafting during cycling and C–R training at race intensity could improve an athlete’s triathlon running performance. It is recommended that future research clearly define the performance level, competitive format of the experimental population and use protocols that are specific to the experimental population in order to improve the training and practical application of the research findings.

The importance of the supervisor for the mental health and work attitudes of Australian aged care nurses

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rodwell ◽  
Angela Martin
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Supervisor Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Interpersonal Justice ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground: The work attitudes and psychological well-being of aged care nurses are important factors impacting on the current and future capacity of the aged care workforce. Expanding our understanding of the ways in which the psychosocial work environment influences these outcomes is important in order to enable organizations to improve the management of human resources in this sector.Methods: Using survey data from a sample of 222 Australian aged care nurses, regression analyses were employed to test the relative impact of a range of psychosocial work environment variables derived from the demand-control-support (DCS) model and organizational justice variables on satisfaction, commitment, well-being, and depression.Results: The expanded model predicted the work attitudes and well-being of aged care nurses, particularly the DCS components. Specifically, demand was related to depression, well-being, and job satisfaction, job control was related to depression, commitment, and job satisfaction, and supervisor support and interpersonal fairness were related to well-being. The contributions of informational and interpersonal justice, along with the main and interaction effects of supervisor support, highlight the centrality of the supervisor in addressing the impact of job demands on aged care nurses.Conclusion: Psychosocial variables have utility beyond predicting stress outcomes to the work attitudes of nurses in an aged care setting and thus present further avenues of research for the retention of nurses and improved patient care.

scholarly journals The impact of M&A on bank’s financial performance: Evidence from emerging economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Stefania Migliori
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
The Impact

The proliferation of bank M&A has been a global phenomenon. In many emerging economies, bank M&A has often been driven by policies for restructuring the banking industry in the hope of improving stability in the financial system. The Pakistan M&A market is relatively new and is characterized by several unique features. In this regards, our study aim is to examine the impact of pre and post M&A on the bank’s financial performance in Pakistan during the period (2004-2015). Our results reveal that liquidity, profitability and investment ratios of the banks are positively and significantly increased the performance after M&A. Nevertheless, the solvency ratios indicate negative effects which are mainly based on the fact that after undergoing M&A the acquiring bank has to deal with the greater amount of debt burden as compared to pre-M&A. In light of these results, this study suggests implications for both theory and practice and also recommends ideas for future research.

Impact of Violence and Relationship Abuse on Grades of American Indian/Alaska Native Undergraduate College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (23) ◽  
pp. 3686-3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Patterson Silver Wolf ◽  
Jacob Perkins ◽  
Carol Van Zile-Tamsen ◽  
Sheretta Butler-Barnes
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Grade Point Averages ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Relationship Abuse ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Violence and relationship abuse are pervasive public health problems that have a range of negative effects, with exceptionally high prevalence among ethno–racial minority youth. This study assesses the prevalence of these types of violence among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) students and examines the impact of victimization on academic performance of AI/AN and non-AI/AN student populations using self-reported college health survey data. Results show that students who identified fully or partially as AI/AN reported markedly higher rates of all types of violence/abuse than did other students, and students who had experienced violence/abuse had lower grade point averages (GPAs) compared with those who had not. Recommendations for future research and direct practice with AI/AN students are discussed.

scholarly journals Does Augmented Reality Affect Sociability, Entertainment, and Learning? A Field Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Savela ◽  
Atte Oksanen ◽  
Markus Kaakinen ◽  
Marius Noreikis ◽  
Yu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Augmented reality (AR) applications have recently emerged for entertainment and educational purposes and have been proposed to have positive effects on social interaction. In this study, we investigated the impact of a mobile, indoor AR feature on sociability, entertainment, and learning. We conducted a field experiment using a quiz game in a Finnish science center exhibition. We divided participants (N = 372) into an experimental group (AR app users) and two control groups (non-AR app users; pen-and-paper participants), including 28 AR users of follow-up interviews. We used Kruskal–Wallis rank test to compare the experimental groups and the content analysis method to explore AR users’ experiences. Although interviewed AR participants recognized the entertainment value and learning opportunities for AR, we did not detect an increase in perceived sociability, social behavior, positive affect, or learning performance when comparing the experimental groups. Instead, AR interviewees experienced a strong conflict between the two different realities. Despite the engaging novelty value of new technology, performance and other improvements do not automatically emerge. We also discuss potential conditional factors. Future research and development of AR and related technologies should note the possible negative effects of dividing attention to both realities.

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