scholarly journals Democratic Transition in the Development Context: The Case Study of Tonga

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jonathan B. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
The People ◽  
Development Context ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

<p>In 2010 the Kingdom of Tonga experienced a democratic transition that saw the balance of power shift from a hereditary monarchy to the people. Elections were held that for the first time would result in a majority of Tonga’s Parliament comprising of democratically-elected politicians. Parliament was given the responsibility of nominating a Prime Minister from amongst its own ranks, who would in turn became responsible for nominating the Cabinet. These powers were formerly held by Tonga’s hereditary monarchy, whose role was reduced to one more akin to that performed by the modern monarchs of Europe. Since the 1960s, Tonga has received an increasing amount of overseas aid, especially from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and, latterly, China. Historically, donors have not been overtly concerned with issues of democracy in developing countries, instead relying on the modernist notion that economic development would lead to democratic development. Since the 1980s, however, donors have become increasingly interested in the issue of democracy in developing countries, as a result of the good governance agenda and its successor paradigm, the aid effectiveness agenda. This thesis explores the impact of donors on Tonga’s 2010 democratic transition, concluding that the effect of donors manifested in a variety of direct and indirect ways. A retrospective analysis identifies aspects of Tonga’s 2010 democratic transition that could have been improved, and actions that donors should consider taking if faced with similar circumstances in the future. Finally, the thesis considers how donors can assist the consolidation of Tongan democracy, concluding that support should be targeted towards sustainable economic development, the rule of law, and the public service.</p>

scholarly journals Democratic Transition in the Development Context: The Case Study of Tonga

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jonathan B. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
The People ◽  
Development Context ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

<p>In 2010 the Kingdom of Tonga experienced a democratic transition that saw the balance of power shift from a hereditary monarchy to the people. Elections were held that for the first time would result in a majority of Tonga’s Parliament comprising of democratically-elected politicians. Parliament was given the responsibility of nominating a Prime Minister from amongst its own ranks, who would in turn became responsible for nominating the Cabinet. These powers were formerly held by Tonga’s hereditary monarchy, whose role was reduced to one more akin to that performed by the modern monarchs of Europe. Since the 1960s, Tonga has received an increasing amount of overseas aid, especially from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and, latterly, China. Historically, donors have not been overtly concerned with issues of democracy in developing countries, instead relying on the modernist notion that economic development would lead to democratic development. Since the 1980s, however, donors have become increasingly interested in the issue of democracy in developing countries, as a result of the good governance agenda and its successor paradigm, the aid effectiveness agenda. This thesis explores the impact of donors on Tonga’s 2010 democratic transition, concluding that the effect of donors manifested in a variety of direct and indirect ways. A retrospective analysis identifies aspects of Tonga’s 2010 democratic transition that could have been improved, and actions that donors should consider taking if faced with similar circumstances in the future. Finally, the thesis considers how donors can assist the consolidation of Tongan democracy, concluding that support should be targeted towards sustainable economic development, the rule of law, and the public service.</p>

scholarly journals Analysing the Impact of Good Governance on Socio-Economic Development: A Case Study of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassan ◽  
Rizwan Zeb
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The People ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Systemic Corruption ◽  
The Impact

The concept of “good governance” has emerged as vital driving force in the past few decades to positively shape economic growth and sustainable socio-economic development across the globe in general and developing countries in particular. However, Pakistan’s turbulent political landscape and deeply entrenched systemic corruption in the recent decades have utterly harmed the good governance at large, resulting in socio-economic developmental woes and increased sufferings of the people. This paper focuses on analysing the influences of good governance on the socio-economic development in Pakistan in the light of World Bank good governance indicator and also probe the impact of prevalent perceived corruption in the country in accordance with observation taken by Transparency International, UNDP, and other renowned State Institutions. The paper has emphasized on the last two decades to ascertain the contributory factors by using the appropriate qualitative / quantitative and statistical techniques that debilitated good governance in Pakistan and caused continual political instability, pessimism, and recurring political crises and undermined socio-economic development in the country. Based on the ascertained findings, the paper has identified impediments to existing governance situation and prevalence of corrupt practices and has proposed workable suggestions/ recommendations to assist policy makers, development planners, intellectuals, politicians, and succeeding governments in Pakistan to take corresponding structural or policy reforms to address the said hurdles.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Impact of The Region Expansion on Economic Growth (Case Study: Expansion of North Toraja Regency from Tana Toraja)

Jurnal Office ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Samuel Randy Tapparan ◽  
Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
T Test ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Autonomous Regions ◽  
The Impact

The increasing number of regions proposing themselves to form new autonomous regions since the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning "Regional Government", aims to improve economic development and the welfare of the people in each region. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of regional expansion on the economic growth of North Toraja Regency. The Technik of data collection in this study uses the documentary Technik, which is in the form of reports from relevant agencies. The analysis technique used is by using the independent sample T-test. The results of the study show that regional expansion has an impact on the economic growth of North Toraja Regency.

scholarly journals Ekonomi Pembangunan Terhadap Pengangguran di Provinsi Jambi

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Afrizal Afrizal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Unemployment in developing countries such as Indonesia, the economic development of this country as a growing number of unemployment is a problem that is more complicated and more serious than the problem of changes in income distribution are less profitable low-income residents Unemployment in Jambi Province has reached tens of thousands of people is an urgent problem that must be solved because of the impact of unemployment it would be very dangerous to the social order of life. It is a fact that various social evils such as theft / muggings/robberies, prostitution, Jula buy children, street children and others merupakandampakdaripengangguran.

The Impact of Reinsurance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Viggo Haueter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Natural Catastrophes ◽  
Security Interest ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Reinsurance is perceived to have a stabilizing effect on the direct insurance industry and thereby on the economy overall. Yet, research into how exactly reinsurance impacts various areas is scarce. Traditionally, studying the impact of reinsurance used to be in the domain of actuaries; since the 1960s, they have tried to assess how different contract elements can provide what came to be called “optimal reinsurance.” In the 2010s, such research was intensified in developing countries with the aim to deploy reinsurance to support economic growth and security. Interest in reinsurance increased when the industry became more visible in the 1990s as the impact of natural catastrophes started being linked to a changing climate. Reinsurers emerged as spokespeople for climate-related issues, and the industry took a lead role in arguing in favor of implementing measures to reduce environmental deterioration. Reinsurers, it was argued, have a vested interest in managing the impact of natural catastrophes. This triggered discussions about the role of reinsurance overall and about how to assess its impact. In the wake of the financial crisis of 2007 and 2008, interest in reinsurance again surged, this time due to perceived systemic impacts.

ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVESTMENT LIBERALIZATION REGIME IN THE WORLD ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Shokhrukh B. Akhmedov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir M. Kutovoi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The article assesses a significance of the most important component of the agreement on accession to the WTO, namely the agreement on trade-related investment measures (TRIMs), in increasing the attractiveness of developing countries to investors from abroad. In addition, traditional determinants of FDI placement, such as the macroeconomic stability, trade openness, and economic development, are considered. The authors carry out an analysis in the field of regulation of TRIMs by the example of economic policies in developing countries. The study shows that the extent to which TRIMs contributed to achieving the goals varied significantly, reflecting the specific economic and political conditions of the country using them. In some cases, they played a role in encouraging foreign companies to make more use of local sources or increase their exports from the host country. In other cases, the impact seemingly was negligible.

Food Fortification: A Tool for Fighting Hidden Hunger

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Nilson ◽  
Jaime Piza
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
The Impact

This paper reviews the fortification of staple food as a tool to prevent micronutrient deficiencies. The rationale for fortifying salt, wheat flour, milk, and margarine was developed in the 1920s and 1940s, mainly in industrialized countries. At that time, fortification of staple foods was considered by only a few developing countries. Recent research has shown that the prevalences of some deficiencies (clinical and marginal) in some developing countries are higher than expected. Even more important has been the realization that the impact of marginal deficiencies on health and socio-economic development is considerably more important than the impact of clinical deficiencies. Iron, vitamin A, and iodine have gained more attention, but deficiencies of other micronutrients are also relevant. This paper shows that fortification of staple foods to prevent micronutrient deficiencies is effective, easy, fast, safe, and relatively inexpensive.

Does the speed of adjustment in regulation and supervision affect financial stability in developing countries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
Chadi Azmeh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
Bank Regulation And Supervision ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of bank regulation and supervision on financial stability. Financial sector reform, especially in developing countries, takes the form of a sudden adjustment in regulation and supervision. The main objective of the paper is to examine whether this fast and sudden adjustment in regulation and supervision has an undesirable impact on financial stability. Furthermore, the paper examines the role of real economic development in determining the impact of financial reform on financial stability. Design/methodology/approach Empirically, on a sample of 57 developing countries over the period 2000-2013, the author explored the impact of bank regulation and supervision on financial stability for different sub-groups of countries. The division is based on the real level of economic development and, most importantly, on the speed of adjustment in regulation and supervision. The study uses the cross-sectional–ordinary least square model. Each country has three observations (average 2000-2004, average 2005-2008 and average 2009-2013), which are convenient, with the date of the three surveys on regulation and supervision (2002-2006-2011). The period of the averages is selected to cover periods before and after the survey as regulation and supervision may be adopted before the survey and as its impact may persist for the period after. Findings The major finding of this study is that it supports the important role of the speed of adjustment in regulation and supervision, and its impact on financial stability. Soft adjustment in regulation and supervision has more positive impact on financial stability than fast adjustment. Activity restrictions have positive and significant impact on financial stability in soft adjustment countries’ group. On the other hand, in countries with fast adjustment, results show negative and statistically significant impact on financial stability, especially for supervisory independence. More time is needed for supervisors to adapt to new regulation and supervision and gain expertise to monitor financial condition of banks in a consistent manner. Results also show that the level of economic development is an important factor when testing the impact of regulation and supervision on financial stability. In lower income countries, more room is available for corruption in lending, which has a negative impact on financial stability. Practical implications This study advocates the necessity of taking the speed of adjustment in regulation and supervision by policymakers in developing countries, while initiating reform in the financial sector. Financial sector reform that takes the form of a sudden adjustment in regulation and supervision may have undesirable results in terms of financial stability. On the other hand, soft adjustment in regulation and supervision, which gives more room for supervisors to adapt and gain expertise, may have more positive impact on financial stability. Originality/value This paper is the first paper to explore new methods of calculating the speed of adjustment in regulation and supervision, and to examine whether the high speed of financial reform in developing countries has an undesirable impact on financial stability.

scholarly journals Beyond Neoclassical Economics: The Impact of Religion on the Economic Disparity Between Georgia and Estonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Anastasia Mgaloblishvili
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Eastern Orthodoxy ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this article is to examine the impact religion has had on the post-Soviet economic development of Georgia and Estonia. The role of religion in economic development has been neglected in the field of social sciences, in which political and economic theories dominate. Considering the difference in the religiosity of the two countries—Georgia is one of the most religious countries in Europe while Estonia is the most atheist—religion will be incorporated as a factor that could have directly or indirectly impacted the post-Soviet development of the two countries. By studying the relationship of the church and the state in the two countries and the population’s economic attitudes that may have been influenced by their religiosity, this paper will conclude that religion can be considered a contributing factor in the economic divergence between Estonia and Georgia. The article’s overall findings will suggest that the practice of Eastern Orthodoxy in Georgia impedes the development of good governance and a free market economy, whereas the opposite holds for Protestantism or atheism in Estonia.

scholarly journals Remittances and Quality of Life of Emigrant Families in Kerala

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
RUKSANA. M.M. ◽  
Dr. K. GANGADHARAN
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
The People ◽  
Unskilled Labour ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

International migration has an important role in the economic development of every economy.In Kerala, most of the people prefer to emigrate for skilled and unskilled labour to the developed countries to improve the living standards oftheir families.According to Kerala Migration Survey Report, forevery 100 households in the state, there were 29.3 emigrants in 2014and the number of emigrants has increased graduallyover the years, from13.6 lakhs in 1998 to 24.0 lakhs in 2014.Kerala is receiving an increasing amount of money from abroad as workers’ remittances and total remittancesto Kerala in 2014 was estimated to be Rs71,142 crores.Remittances per household were Rs 86,843 in 2014 compared to Rs. 63,315 in 2011 and Rs. 57,227 in2008.The present study is to find out trend and growthof household remittance in Kerala and to analyze the impact of these remittance to the living standards of emigrant families.

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