scholarly journals River on Fire: The mache parapotamios and Ecological Crises in Greco-Roman Epic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alice Fairley
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Silius Italicus ◽  
Roman Epic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

<p>The mache parapotamios, or river battle, briefly brings nature to the forefront of epic narrative and provides an insight into perceptions of the environment. This type scene, appearing in a number of extant epics including Homer’s Iliad, Silius Italicus’ Punica, and Statius’ Thebaid, demonstrates that these poems are aware of the importance of nature as divine and cosmological, and are concerned with its relationship to humankind. The mache parapotamios does not, however, communicate a ‘green’ message in which nature is considered, or cared for, as an entity unto itself. Destruction of the environment is frequently slated as sacrilegious, and it is often equated with cosmological disorder. What is more, the narrative promotes the consensual domestication of nature so that it will benefit humankind, recognising that undamaged and benevolent nature is better than its wild and aggressive counterpart. In this way, concern for the preservation of nature in epic is anthropocentric.  Using a schema with which to analyse nature in epic, we can categorise aspects of nature into domesticated or undomesticated, and natural or non-natural. In the case of the mache parapotamios, this schema takes into account the personification of the river, as well as its relationship with humans. Alliances with humans demonstrate domestication, such as the Scamander’s cooperation with the Trojans, while enmity towards humans demonstrates a lack of domestication, as when the Trebia of the Punica assaults Scipio. Furthermore, a river is natural when it is in control of itself and acting according to its phusis, but an external force, such as pollution or obstruction, can cause a river to become non-natural. This frequently reflects negatively on the human perpetrators of the non-natural phenomena.  Each of the three chapters discusses one of the texts above and analyses the mache parapotamios, as well as other scenes involving nature, using the proposed schema. While each text presents an altered version of the river battle in order to best suit the needs of the epic, the significance of the relationships between the gods, humans, and nature remains a constant across all three.</p>

scholarly journals River on Fire: The mache parapotamios and Ecological Crises in Greco-Roman Epic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alice Fairley
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Silius Italicus ◽  
Roman Epic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

<p>The mache parapotamios, or river battle, briefly brings nature to the forefront of epic narrative and provides an insight into perceptions of the environment. This type scene, appearing in a number of extant epics including Homer’s Iliad, Silius Italicus’ Punica, and Statius’ Thebaid, demonstrates that these poems are aware of the importance of nature as divine and cosmological, and are concerned with its relationship to humankind. The mache parapotamios does not, however, communicate a ‘green’ message in which nature is considered, or cared for, as an entity unto itself. Destruction of the environment is frequently slated as sacrilegious, and it is often equated with cosmological disorder. What is more, the narrative promotes the consensual domestication of nature so that it will benefit humankind, recognising that undamaged and benevolent nature is better than its wild and aggressive counterpart. In this way, concern for the preservation of nature in epic is anthropocentric.  Using a schema with which to analyse nature in epic, we can categorise aspects of nature into domesticated or undomesticated, and natural or non-natural. In the case of the mache parapotamios, this schema takes into account the personification of the river, as well as its relationship with humans. Alliances with humans demonstrate domestication, such as the Scamander’s cooperation with the Trojans, while enmity towards humans demonstrates a lack of domestication, as when the Trebia of the Punica assaults Scipio. Furthermore, a river is natural when it is in control of itself and acting according to its phusis, but an external force, such as pollution or obstruction, can cause a river to become non-natural. This frequently reflects negatively on the human perpetrators of the non-natural phenomena.  Each of the three chapters discusses one of the texts above and analyses the mache parapotamios, as well as other scenes involving nature, using the proposed schema. While each text presents an altered version of the river battle in order to best suit the needs of the epic, the significance of the relationships between the gods, humans, and nature remains a constant across all three.</p>

MUNDANE MIRACLES IN AWADH. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE REVEALED AND THE HIDDEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maxim B. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
Better Than

The sphere of the unknown, supernatural and miraculous is one of the most popular subjects for everyday discussions in Ayodhya – the last of the provinces of the Mughal Empire, which entered the British Raj in 1859, and in the distant past – the space of many legendary and mythological events. Mostly they concern encounters with inhabitants of the “other world” – spirits, ghosts, jinns as well as miraculous healings following magic rituals or meetings with the so-called saints of different religions (Hindu sadhus, Sufi dervishes),with incomprehensible and frightening natural phenomena. According to the author’s observations ideas of the unknown in Avadh are codified and structured in Avadh better than in other parts of India. Local people can clearly define if they witness a bhut or a jinn and whether the disease is caused by some witchcraft or other reasons. Perhaps that is due to the presence in the holy town of a persistent tradition of katha, the public presentation of plots from the Ramayana epic in both the narrative and poetic as well as performative forms. But are the events and phenomena in question a miracle for the Avadhvasis, residents of Ayodhya and its environs, or are they so commonplace that they do not surprise or fascinate? That exactly is the subject of the essay, written on the basis of materials collected by the author in Ayodhya during the period of 2010 – 2019. The author would like to express his appreciation to Mr. Alok Sharma (Faizabad) for his advice and cooperation.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Multi-Label Classification and Multi-Output Regression in Social Trait Recognition

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4127
Author(s):  
Will Farlessyost ◽  
Kelsey-Ryan Grant ◽  
Sara R. Davis ◽  
David Feil-Seifer ◽  
Emily M. Hand
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Facial Attributes ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Automated Methods ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Social Trait ◽  
Better Than

First impressions make up an integral part of our interactions with other humans by providing an instantaneous judgment of the trustworthiness, dominance and attractiveness of an individual prior to engaging in any other form of interaction. Unfortunately, this can lead to unintentional bias in situations that have serious consequences, whether it be in judicial proceedings, career advancement, or politics. The ability to automatically recognize social traits presents a number of highly useful applications: from minimizing bias in social interactions to providing insight into how our own facial attributes are interpreted by others. However, while first impressions are well-studied in the field of psychology, automated methods for predicting social traits are largely non-existent. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of two automated approaches—multi-label classification (MLC) and multi-output regression (MOR)—for first impression recognition from faces. We demonstrate that both approaches are able to predict social traits with better than chance accuracy, but there is still significant room for improvement. We evaluate ethical concerns and detail application areas for future work in this direction.

scholarly journals Acoustic-Prosodic and Lexical Cues to Deception and Trust: Deciphering How People Detect Lies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Xi (Leslie) Chen ◽  
Sarah Ita Levitan ◽  
Michelle Levine ◽  
Marko Mandic ◽  
Julia Hirschberg
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
Lexical Cues ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Better Than

Humans rarely perform better than chance at lie detection. To better understand human perception of deception, we created a game framework, LieCatcher, to collect ratings of perceived deception using a large corpus of deceptive and truthful interviews. We analyzed the acoustic-prosodic and linguistic characteristics of language trusted and mistrusted by raters and compared these to characteristics of actual truthful and deceptive language to understand how perception aligns with reality. With this data we built classifiers to automatically distinguish trusted from mistrusted speech, achieving an F1 of 66.1%. We next evaluated whether the strategies raters said they used to discriminate between truthful and deceptive responses were in fact useful. Our results show that, although several prosodic and lexical features were consistently perceived as trustworthy, they were not reliable cues. Also, the strategies that judges reported using in deception detection were not helpful for the task. Our work sheds light on the nature of trusted language and provides insight into the challenging problem of human deception detection.

The Military Physician in Captivity

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (99) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
E. Reginato
Keyword(s):  
Medical Officer ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Peace And Justice ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Military Physician ◽  
The Military ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

In his introductory address at the third International Refresher Course for Junior Medical Officers, Dr. H. Meuli, member of the ICRC, said “No one knows war better than the military medical officer, nor measures its horror, nor hates it more. No one has greater insight into war to enable him to take a stand for peace and against war”. From its very beginnings the Red Cross has been linked to medicine; it was the ICRC which obtained for doctors the means of exercising their profession in war, which are laid down in the Geneva Conventions.It therefore seems appropriate to quote extensively from a communication submitted at the Course by an Italian doctor, bearing moving testimony to the difficulties facing the medical officer, the noble character of his mission and the principles underlying his activity in the prisoner of war camp. These principles were summed up in his conclusion : “Like peace and justice, medicine loses its significance if not accompanied by charity. If it is to stay universal, it must not lose its humanity”. (Ed.).

Archaeology, Greco-Roman

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Roman Archaeology ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Social ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Insight Into

Greco-Roman archaeology is an indispensable source of scholarship for biblical scholars. Those who work in a largely textual discipline benefit from conversation with archaeologists to situate literary data within its historical material contexts. Greco-Roman archaeology can also provide insight into the economic, social, political, and religious lives of persons in the ancient world, including marginalized persons whose lives are often obscured by elite literary material. Lastly, Greco-Roman archaeology and biblical studies have intertwined histories and entanglements with colonialism, and comparative work helps to uncover those legacies, especially where they are still operative in the present. While biblical scholars might long for evidence that directly connects to specific individuals in the earliest Christ communities (and thus to the texts of the New Testament), archaeological evidence most often provides evidence for context and not positivist truth claims. Biblical scholars looking, for example, for a particular building where Paul might have slept or where the first Christ communities may have met will be disappointed by the archaeological evidence. Though this evidence is rich and diverse and specific, it does not tell us about the particular individuals biblical scholars so often seek. In other words, the questions biblical scholars ask of Greco-Roman archaeology are often unanswerable. A better use of Greco-Roman archaeology is to guide biblical scholars in asking better questions and learning about the social, economic, and material context from which texts and communities emerge.

scholarly journals Design and Demonstration of Large Scale Cu2O Photocathodes with Metal Grid Structure for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7422
Author(s):  
Min-Kyu Son
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grid Structure ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Intrinsic Conductivity ◽  
Metal Grid ◽  
Splitting System ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

Upscaling of photoelectrode for a practical photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting system is still challenging because the PEC performance of large-scale photoelectrode is significantly low, compared to the lab scale photoelectrode. In an effort to overcome this challenge, sputtered gold (Au) and copper (Cu) grid lines were introduced to improve the PEC performance of large-scale cuprous oxide (Cu2O) photocathode in this work. It was demonstrated that Cu grid lines are more effective than Au grid lines to improve the PEC performance of large-scale Cu2O photocathode because its intrinsic conductivity and quality of grid lines are better than ones containing Au grid lines. As a result, the PEC performance of a 25-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was almost double than one without grid lines, resulting in an improved charge transport in the large area substrate by Cu grid lines. Finally, a 50-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was tested in an outdoor condition under natural sun. This is the first outdoor PEC demonstration of large-scale Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines, which gives insight into the development of efficient upscaled PEC photoelectrode.

scholarly journals Asymmetries in mutual understanding: People with low status, power, and self-esteem understand better than they are understood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Talaifar ◽  
Michael Buhrmester ◽  
Ozlem Ayduk ◽  
william swann
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

NOW PUBLISHED: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620958003. All too often, people who develop exceptionally astute insights into others remain mysterious to these others. Evidence for such asymmetric understanding comes from several independent domains. Striking asymmetries occur among those who differ in status and power, such that low status, low power individuals understand more than they are understood. We show that this effect extends to people who merely perceive that they have low status: individuals with low self-esteem. Whereas people with low self-esteem display insight into people with high self-esteem, their high self-esteem counterparts fail to reciprocate. Conceptual analysis suggests that asymmetries in mutual understanding may be reduced by addressing deficits in information and motivation among perceivers. Nevertheless, evidence from several interventions were unsuccessful, indicating that the path to symmetric understanding is a steep and thorny one. Further research is needed to develop strategies for fostering understanding of those who are most misunderstood: people with low self-esteem, low status, and low power.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some respiratory functions of Kyrgyz National Team Athletes before 2016 Summer Olympic Games

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Bilal Demirhan ◽  
Dciparkul Abdırahmanova ◽  
Kanat Canuzakov ◽  
Serdar Geri
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
National Team ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Better Than

In this study, some respiratory functions of athletes from four different sport branches who constitute Kyrgyzstan National Team have been examined. To research, 9 Greco-Roman style wrestlers (24±4,5years), 10 freestyle wrestlers (22,10±3,21 years), 8 judoists (23,6±1,89 years), 8 male athletes (22,29±2.87 years) and 3 female athletes (21.67±2.08 years) totally 35 male and 3 female national athletes have been included. Forced vital capacities (FVC), forced ventilation volumes (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) which connected the respiratory levels of the athletes have been measured in preparation stage before 2016 Summer Olympic Games. By being performed istatistical evaluation by SPSS 21.0, it was usedthe computer package program. “One Way ANOVA” test an identifying the differences between the groups and the differences at (P<0,05) level have been accepted as significant. FVC values taken from Judoists were similar to those of male athletes (p>0,05) and significantly higher than other branches (p<0,05). FVC levels of wrestling and athletic athletes reflected similar results (p>0,05). When PEF levels examined, the results of judo and male athletes have been found statistically similar (p>0,05). PEF scores of Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling and female athletes have not been found statistically different (p>0,05). FEV1 results of the judoists have been found similar to those of the Greco-Roman style wrestlers (p>0,05) while these results have been found significantly higher than the results of freestyle wrestling and athletic athletes (p<0,05). As a result, Judo athletes' FVC, PEF and FEV1 levels have been found better than other branches involved in the study.

scholarly journals Informative Frailty Indices from Binarized Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett Stubbings ◽  
Spencer Farrell ◽  
Arnold Mitnitski ◽  
Kenneth Rockwood ◽  
Andrew Rutenberg
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Canadian Study ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Health Measure ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Biomarker Data

AbstractFrailty indices (FI) based on continuous valued health data, such as obtained from blood and urine tests, have been shown to be predictive of adverse health outcomes. However, creating FI from such biomarker data requires a binarization treatment that is difficult to standardize across studies. In this work, we explore a “quantile” methodology for the generic treatment of biomarker data that allows us to construct an FI without preexisting medical knowledge (i.e. risk thresholds) of the included biomarkers. We show that our quantile approach performs as well as, or even slightly better than, established methods for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) data sets. Furthermore, we show that our approach is robust to cohort effects within studies as compared to other data-based methods. The success of our binarization approaches provides insight into the robustness of the FI as a health measure, the upper limits of the FI observed in various data sets, and highlights general difficulties in obtaining absolute scales for comparing FI between studies.

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