scholarly journals Exploring Breastfeeding Influencers for obese mothers: The experiences and perceptions of five clinically obese women and their midwives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel Emma Monerasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Normal Woman

<p>What are the barriers and facilitators to exclusive breastfeeding for women with a BMI equalling or exceeding 35kg/m²? A qualitative interpretative inquiry.  Breastfeeding is established as beneficial to both mothers and infants in terms of short-term and long-term health, or as normalising to the susceptibility of numerous conditions of poor health. Obesity is counted amongst these. A significant proportion of lactation research demonstrates exclusive breastfeeding as protective against obesity for the infant, and various explanations are put forward, such as; milk and gut microbiome species and diversity, comparative initial weight trajectories and impact on future BMI, and comparative satiety development. However, international and New Zealand trends of obesity prevalence are noted to be increasing; and obesity discourse, medical discourse and the World Health Organisation position on causes and consequences of obesity continue to be discordant, with the understanding of obesity as caused by energy in, versus energy out disequilibrium, being challenged.  Current research continues to pursue directions which demonstrate obesity to be linked to infant experiences which influence infant gut microbiome, including mode of birth, feeding methods and skin-to-skin; and intrauterine environment – referring to the fetal inheritance/epigenetic inheritance theory. Notably, studies examining the influence of epigenetic heritance propose that infants born to obese mothers begin with a disadvantage in terms of health trajectories, considered to stem from the intrauterine environment and experiences; are at a higher risk of caesarean birth and of receiving breastmilk substitutes than infants born to non-obese mothers.  This study aimed to examine the breastfeeding experiences of obese client participants, and breastfeeding support experiences of midwives who have cared for obese clients, to learn more about what were considered breastfeeding influencers, facilitators or barriers, within the maternity journey. A secondary aim of pursuing this research was to apply findings to the study site to see if a review of breastfeeding knowledge or support practices offered to obese women was indicated.  The initial study design utilised Facebook as a means of contemporaneous data collection. Due to low recruitment, the design was modified to include one-to-one semi-structured interviews, and midwives were included as participants. Data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, and five themes were identified reflecting the participants’ experience of their maternity journey, and how breastfeeding was understood to interrelate with other maternity experiences.  Five main themes emerged during data analysis. These included communication, normality and autonomy, the midwifery partnership, the experience of intervention, and how intervention was understood to affect lactation. Communication was interpreted as the core theme for all participants, and this underpinned experience of normality and autonomy (defining oneself as a normal woman, and the ability to make decisions regarding one’s maternity journey). How participants interpreted the themes of normality and autonomy, and their experience and interpretation of communication went on to influence their experience of the midwifery partnership and interventions in pregnancy, intrapartum and breastfeeding support. No theme in isolation was definable as either barrier or facilitator to exclusive breastfeeding, but developed as such, through the context of the experience.  The ability to define oneself as a ‘normal woman’ and the ability to participate in one’s own care were either encouraged or discouraged through how communication was interpreted throughout the entirety of the maternity journey and hence were key findings of this research. Analysis of participant narratives revealed that it was through communication that these themes were interpreted. The midwife participants demonstrated awareness of these themes and related them further to the experience of the midwifery partnership, and how these factors, along with the social construct of obesity, underpinned communication with obese women, and the midwifery partnership.  Through data analysis the researcher noted considerable disparity between emerging themes and the research reviewed in the literature review. As this study was heavily focussed on models of care delivery and organisation at the study site, I question whether the disparity is reflective of the gap between research and practice. The aim of this study has been to identify breastfeeding barriers and facilitators for obese women and their midwives, and the purpose of doing so was to glean whether current service warranted further examination. From the themes which emerged in this study, I suggest that the approach to the maternity care of obese women, including language and communication styles as an area worthy of further examination.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring Breastfeeding Influencers for obese mothers: The experiences and perceptions of five clinically obese women and their midwives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel Emma Monerasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Normal Woman

<p>What are the barriers and facilitators to exclusive breastfeeding for women with a BMI equalling or exceeding 35kg/m²? A qualitative interpretative inquiry.  Breastfeeding is established as beneficial to both mothers and infants in terms of short-term and long-term health, or as normalising to the susceptibility of numerous conditions of poor health. Obesity is counted amongst these. A significant proportion of lactation research demonstrates exclusive breastfeeding as protective against obesity for the infant, and various explanations are put forward, such as; milk and gut microbiome species and diversity, comparative initial weight trajectories and impact on future BMI, and comparative satiety development. However, international and New Zealand trends of obesity prevalence are noted to be increasing; and obesity discourse, medical discourse and the World Health Organisation position on causes and consequences of obesity continue to be discordant, with the understanding of obesity as caused by energy in, versus energy out disequilibrium, being challenged.  Current research continues to pursue directions which demonstrate obesity to be linked to infant experiences which influence infant gut microbiome, including mode of birth, feeding methods and skin-to-skin; and intrauterine environment – referring to the fetal inheritance/epigenetic inheritance theory. Notably, studies examining the influence of epigenetic heritance propose that infants born to obese mothers begin with a disadvantage in terms of health trajectories, considered to stem from the intrauterine environment and experiences; are at a higher risk of caesarean birth and of receiving breastmilk substitutes than infants born to non-obese mothers.  This study aimed to examine the breastfeeding experiences of obese client participants, and breastfeeding support experiences of midwives who have cared for obese clients, to learn more about what were considered breastfeeding influencers, facilitators or barriers, within the maternity journey. A secondary aim of pursuing this research was to apply findings to the study site to see if a review of breastfeeding knowledge or support practices offered to obese women was indicated.  The initial study design utilised Facebook as a means of contemporaneous data collection. Due to low recruitment, the design was modified to include one-to-one semi-structured interviews, and midwives were included as participants. Data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, and five themes were identified reflecting the participants’ experience of their maternity journey, and how breastfeeding was understood to interrelate with other maternity experiences.  Five main themes emerged during data analysis. These included communication, normality and autonomy, the midwifery partnership, the experience of intervention, and how intervention was understood to affect lactation. Communication was interpreted as the core theme for all participants, and this underpinned experience of normality and autonomy (defining oneself as a normal woman, and the ability to make decisions regarding one’s maternity journey). How participants interpreted the themes of normality and autonomy, and their experience and interpretation of communication went on to influence their experience of the midwifery partnership and interventions in pregnancy, intrapartum and breastfeeding support. No theme in isolation was definable as either barrier or facilitator to exclusive breastfeeding, but developed as such, through the context of the experience.  The ability to define oneself as a ‘normal woman’ and the ability to participate in one’s own care were either encouraged or discouraged through how communication was interpreted throughout the entirety of the maternity journey and hence were key findings of this research. Analysis of participant narratives revealed that it was through communication that these themes were interpreted. The midwife participants demonstrated awareness of these themes and related them further to the experience of the midwifery partnership, and how these factors, along with the social construct of obesity, underpinned communication with obese women, and the midwifery partnership.  Through data analysis the researcher noted considerable disparity between emerging themes and the research reviewed in the literature review. As this study was heavily focussed on models of care delivery and organisation at the study site, I question whether the disparity is reflective of the gap between research and practice. The aim of this study has been to identify breastfeeding barriers and facilitators for obese women and their midwives, and the purpose of doing so was to glean whether current service warranted further examination. From the themes which emerged in this study, I suggest that the approach to the maternity care of obese women, including language and communication styles as an area worthy of further examination.</p>

scholarly journals Familiar but neglected: identification of gaps and recommendations to close them on exclusive breastfeeding support in health facilities in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando ◽  
Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella ◽  
Sangwani Salimu ◽  
Brandina Chiwaya ◽  
Felix Chikoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
World Health ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Care Assessment

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding is widely accepted as a key intervention with proven efficacy for improving newborn survival. Despite international commitments and targets to support and promote breastfeeding, there are still gaps in meeting and maintain coverage in many sub-Saharan African countries. This paper aimed to triangulate the perspectives of health workers, mothers, and their family members with facility assessments to identify gaps to improve breastfeeding support in in Malawi. Methods The study on breastfeeding barriers and facilitators was conducted in 2019 at one tertiary hospital and three secondary-level hospitals in Malawi. We conducted 61 semi-structured interviews with health workers, postnatal mothers, grandmothers, aunts, and fathers. In 2017, we carried out a neonatal care facility assessment using the World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Quality of Care Assessment and Improvement Tool. Qualitative data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach within the Systems Framework for Health Policy. Results The district-level hospitals rated high with an average score of 4.8 out of 5 across the three facilities indicating that only minor improvements are needed to meet standards of care for early and exclusive breastfeeding. However, the score fell to an average of 3.5 out of 5 for feeding needs with sick neonates indicating that several improvements are needed in this area. The qualitative data demonstrated that breastfeeding was normalized as part of routine newborn care. However, the focus on routine practice and reliance on breastfeeding knowledge from prenatal counselling highlights inequities and neglect in specialized care and counselling among vulnerable mothers and newborns. Revitalisation of breastfeeding in Malawian facilities will require a systems approach that reinforces policies and guidelines; contextualises knowledge; engagement and empowerment of other relatives to the baby and task-sharing among health workers. Conclusions Breastfeeding is accepted as a social norm among health workers, mothers, grandmothers, aunts, and fathers in Malawi, yet vulnerable groups are underserved. Neglect in breastfeeding support among vulnerable populations exacerbates health inequities. Health systems strengthening related to breastfeeding requires a concerted effort among health workers, mothers, grandmothers, aunts, and fathers while remaining grounded in contexts to support family-centered hospital care.

scholarly journals Improving Implementation of 10 STSB (Steps to Successful Breastfeeding) through BENEFIT (Breastfeeding Exclusively in Health Facility) Intervention in East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2SP) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Mellysa Kowara
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Critical Management

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:  Peningkatan cakupan ASI eksklusif dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan 10 LMKM di fasilitas kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian program 10 LMKM tahap 1 menunjukkan perlunya penguatan 10 LMKM terutama langkah 1 dan 2 sebagai prosedur pengelolaan kritis (Critical Management Procedural). Untuk menindaklanjuti temuan tersebut maka dijalankan Project BENEFIT untuk meningkatkan penerapan dari langkah-langkah tersebut. Proyek tersebut dilaksanakan pada tahun 2019 hingga 2020 di 5 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Timur yaitu Bondowoso, Jember, Probolinggo, Trenggalek dan Surabaya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi implementasi penguatan 10 LMKM yang dilakukan melalui proyek BENEFITyang berfokus pada penguatan langkah 1 dan 2 di fasilitas kesehatan di Provinsi Jawa Timur dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap penerapan langkah lainnya serta pencapaian dalam indikator menyusui.   Metode: Studi crossectional dilakukan pada 720 responden yang terdiri dari 143 pimpinan fasilitas kesehatan dan 577 ibu nifas (untuk validasi data). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diadaptasi dari BFHI Unicef/WHO yang mengevaluasi penerapan keseluruhan langkah dalam 10 LMKM menggunakan aplikasi KoBo ToolBox pada periode Juli-September 2020. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan dalam penerapan 10 LMKM terutama langkah 1 dan 2. Langkah 1 yaitu tersedianya kebijakan tertulis pemberian ASI eksklusif menunjukkan peningkatan kepatuhan yang signifikan (66,4 menjadi 72,82; α= 0,015). Sedangkan untuk tahap 2 (pelatihan dukungan menyusui bagi petugas kesehatan dan non-kesehatan) menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pelaksanaannya (69,5 menjadi 77; α = 0,015). Prosedur manajemen kritis berperan sebagai landasan yang mempengaruhi praktik dukungan menyusui di fasilitas kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan adanya perbaikan pada praktik dukungan menyusui selama perawatan ibu di fasilitas kesehatan seperti cakupan IMD (71,2%) baik pada persalinan normal maupun seksio sesarea, rawat gabung (69,1%) dan praktik menyusui bayi baru lahir. (73,5%). Kesimpulan: Intervensi BENEFIT yang berfokus pada penguatan langkah 1 dan 2 dalam 10 LMKM sebagai prosedur manajemen kritis mampu meningkatkan kepatuhan implementasi keseluruhan langkah 10 LMKM. Sebagai landasan untuk melaksanakan langkah-langkah lainnya, penguatan 10 LMKM terutama langkah 1 dan 2 terbukti dapat meningkatkan praktik dukungan menyusui di fasilitas kesehatan oleh seluruh staf.Kata Kunci: Menyusui, 10 LMKM, BENEFIT ABSTRACTBackground: 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (STSB) was implemented as an attempt to improve the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in healthcare facilities. Results of the phase 1 Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) assessment necessitated further strengthening for steps 1 which is the availability of an exclusive breastfeeding policy and step 2 which entails training provision for maternal and child health officer. These two steps are regarded as critical management procedures which act as a foundation for the implementation of subsequent steps. To follow up on these findings, Project BENEFIT was implemented to improve steps 1 and 2. The project was carried out between 2019 and 2020 in 5 districts in East Java, namely Bondowoso, Jember, Probolinggo, Trenggalek and Surabaya. Objectives: This objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the BENEFIT project and how it affects the implementation of other steps as well as how it impacts breastfeeding indicators.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 720 respondents consisting of 143 health facility leaders and 577 post-partum mothers to validate response. Data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from Baby Friendly Hospital Initiation (BFHI) guidelines by World Health organization (WHO) and United Nations Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) using the KoBo ToolBox application between July and October 2020. Results: There was an improvement in the implementation of steps 1 and 2. A significant increase in compliance was found for Step 1 (66.4 to 72.82 α = 0.015) and step 2 (69.5 to 77.9, α = 0.15). Subsequent monitoring and evaluation also showed moderate improvement on breastfeeding support practice in health facilities such as coverage of skin-to-skin contact (71.2%) both on normal and section-caesarean delivery, rooming-in (69.1%) and the practice of breastfeeding newborn (73.5 %). Conclusion: The BENEFIT project assisted in the increased compliance for steps 1 and 2 STSB, which further improved breastfeeding support practices by all healthcare facility staff members for other steps. Keywords: Breastfeeding, 10 STSB, BENEFIT 

scholarly journals Comparing breastfeeding experiences between mothers spending the traditional Chinese confinement period in a confinement centre and those staying at home: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew Cheng Foong ◽  
May Loong Tan ◽  
Wai Cheng Foong ◽  
Jacqueline J Ho ◽  
Fairuz Fadzilah Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Chinese Mothers ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates

Abstract BackgroundEthnic Chinese mothers in Malaysia adhere to 30 days of traditional postpartum practices (the “confinement period”) aimed at recuperation after delivery. Recently there has been an emergence of confinement centres (CCs) where mothers stay and receive traditional confinement care. Ethnic Chinese mothers have low breastfeeding rates. There are concerns that practices in CCs could contribute to this but no data exists. We described mother’s breastfeeding experience at CCs and identify areas for potential improvement in breastfeeding support.MethodsEthnic Chinese mothers intending to breastfeed their healthy infants were recruited post-delivery between August and October 2017 then, at 1 and 6 months, were telephone interviewed about their experience. For every participant going to a CC, another mother going home was recruited.Chi-square test was used to compare groups and multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of confinement place on exclusive breastfeeding. We defined exclusive breastfeeding according to the World Health Organisation’s definition which means no other food or drink, not even water, except breast milk (including milk expressed or from a donor).Results Of 187 mothers, 88(47%) went to CCs. Significantly more were primipara and fewer had previous breastfeeding experience. Response rates for the 1- and 6- month interviews were 88%(CC) versus 97%(home); and 77%(CC) versus 87%(home).Exclusive breastfeeding rates were similar between the groups: 62%(CC) versus 56%(home) at 1 month (p=0.4); and 37%(CC) versus 42%(home) at 6 months (p=0.5). Multiple logistic regression did not show that CCs were a factor affecting exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1 month, (adjusted odds ratio(aOR) 1.7, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.9, 3.3), or 6 months (aOR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4, 1.7). However, significantly more CC participants only fed expressed breast milk. Despite 66% of CC participants reporting that their centre supported breastfeeding, only 6(8%) CC participants compared to 66(69%) of home participants slept with their baby (p<0.001). The proportion encountering breastfeeding difficulties were similar between groups. CC participants sought help for breastfeeding problems mainly from CC staff and support groups while home participants obtained help from friends and healthcare professionals.ConclusionBreastfeeding rates appeared to be similar at CCs and home but there were gaps in how CCs supported breastfeeding. Targeted training to CC staff to support breastfeeding may result in better outcomes for mothers staying in CCs.

Mothers’ Experience In Support Of Exclusive Breastfeeding: Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Nidya Comdeca Nurvitriana ◽  
Atik Triratnawati ◽  
Warsiti
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Research Criteria

Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the important strategies to reduce child mortality which has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as the provision of nutritional intake to infants from the first time of birth until at least 6 months can without additional food and drinks. In 2016 WHO showed that the average level of breastfeeding worldwide was only 38% which occurred in urban areas. In the city area it was found that many breastfeeding mothers worked and obstacles and support arose. Working mothers have low trust and intention so as to increase the frequency of failure to give exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to review support for exclusive breastfeeding. The systematic literature review covers eight stages, namely: Identifying middle frequency problems, Determining priority problems and research questions, Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria, literature search, Selecting articles, data extraction, Critical Assessment, Data collection and Mapping. Data searched from Pubmed and Onesearch. The researchers, then, examined the feasibility of finding documents. Finally, researchers found 9 documents that research criteria. Information on exclusive breastfeeding support was found from 5 journals, namely internal factors (self, family), while external factors (health workers, work environment) were found from 5 journals from 9 journals. The highest influence of support was a work environment characterized by a lack of support from facilities, coworkers, workloads of institutions that influenced the mothers' own intentions. The mother's experience of getting support from exclusive breastfeeding includes internal (self, family) and external (health worker, work environment).

scholarly journals An Exploration of Breastfeeding Practices by Bhutanese Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Pemo ◽  
Diane Phillips ◽  
Alison M. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
First Time Mothers ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Family Elders ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
First Time

Background: Researchers have shown beneficial influences of exclusive breastfeeding for women and infants. Therefore, the World Health Organization recommends exclusively breastfeeding infants for the first 6 months following birth. In Bhutan, researchers have found, through survey research, variable exclusive breastfeeding rates at 6 months. They have not, however, explored the experiences and views of participants in relation to breastfeeding. Research aim: The aim was to explore first-time mothers’ views, intentions, and experiences related to exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: A qualitative, prospective, longitudinal, descriptive study was undertaken using semistructured, audio-recorded interviews at two points of time with first-time mothers prenatally during late third trimester ( n = 24) and at 6 weeks after birth ( n = 22). The framework approach to analysis was used to identify themes. Results: Two themes (breastfeeding, but uncertainty about achieving exclusive breastfeeding and acceptance that breastfeeding is painful) were identified from interviews at term. Five themes were identified from interviews at 6 weeks after birth (lack of timely breastfeeding information and support from health professionals, misconceptions about exclusive breastfeeding, being unprepared for the reality of breastfeeding, limited control or choice over feeding, and adoption of cultural and traditional practices). Conclusion: The participants breastfed but did not practice exclusive breastfeeding due to a lack of timely breastfeeding information and inadequate breastfeeding support. While family elders supported breastfeeding, they also promoted the adoption of certain traditional and cultural practices, which affected exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the mother’s choice of infant feeding method in Poland – a cross – sectional preliminary study in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rozensztrauch ◽  
Magdalena Klaniewska ◽  
Marta Berghausen - Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background The World Health Organization identifies exclusive breastfeeding as the gold standard for child nutrition. Breastfeeding provides many benefits to both the baby and the mother. First days after birth are crucial for breastfeeding and determine its further path. Unfortunately, very often it is also the time of facing the first breastfeeding problems. The aim of this study was to analyze selected factors influencing a mother's decision to breastfeed. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2019 and November 2019 in selected Polish maternity wards. Data were collected through completion of author's questionnaire and a standardized questionnaire, the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and also through informal interviews with mothers. During statistical analysis the chi-square test of independence, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, as well as the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test in addition to Fisher's exact test were performed. Results The results showed that there is no correlation between the mode of delivery and the mother’s choice of infant feeding method. Whereas knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding and received support affects the mother’s decision on infant feeding method. The study also showed that the 83% of newborns were put to the breast within the first two hours after birth. However, only 58% continued to be breastfed in the subsequent days. As many as 42% of the newborns were supplemented with formula despite early initiation of breastfeeding. Analyses showed that exclusive breastfeeding was more often chosen by mothers with higher education. And the most common breastfeeding problem reported by 62% of the respondents was perceived insufficient milk supply and also breastfeeding pain, reported in 48,5% mothers. Conclusions It is extremely important to continually promote breastfeeding among women. The role of midwives is crucial in this regard, as they should encourage the initiation of breastfeeding, support mothers during the perinatal and postnatal periods, and increase their sense of competence and confidence in their ability to breastfeed. Accessible, professional, and empathetic support can help reduce the number of women supplementing with modified milk. Undoubtedly, the postpartum period is important for breastfeeding outcomes, but it is significant that breastfeeding education and promotion begin during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding promotion: evidence and problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bellù ◽  
Manuela Condò
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Promotion ◽  
International Data ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates ◽  
Health Organization

Although breastfeeding is associated with many health benefits in children and mothers, and World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding until 2 years of age, overall breastfeeding rates remain low. Italian rates of exclusive breastfeeding do not differ from international data. The aim of this review is to evaluate evidence of breastfeeding promotion interventions and the remaining problems to achieve them. We found that breastfeeding support is a complex system of interventions, including individual, structural and environmental factors. Many systematic reviews report evidence that breastfeeding support offered to women increases duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, both in full term healthy newborns and in preterm infants. Political and economic efforts should be made to ensure breastfeeding support to all women in the different settings, assuming it as a collective target.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators for Exclusive Breastfeeding in Women’s Biopsychosocial Spheres According to Primary Care Midwives in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3819
Author(s):  
Seila Llorente-Pulido ◽  
Estefanía Custodio ◽  
Maria Rosario López-Giménez ◽  
Belén Sanz-Barbero ◽  
Laura Otero-García
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Early Return

(1) The objective of our study is to determine, from a primary care midwife’s perspective, which biopsychosocial factors can favour or be detrimental to exclusive breast feeding. (2) The study was carried out in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) and is based on qualitative methodology. Twenty in-depth interviews were carried out with midwives working in primary care centres in Tenerife, using a content analysis approach. The transcript data was then encoded following an inductive approach. (3) According to the perceptions of the primary care midwives who were interviewed, the barriers and facilitators that influence exclusive breastfeeding related to the biopsychosocial spheres of women are, at an individual level, the physical and emotional aspects during the postnatal period; at the relationship level, the presence or not of support from the close family and partner; at the community level, the environment and social networks the new mothers may have; and at the work level, characteristics of jobs and early return to work. (4) The findings of our research can help healthcare professionals to approach the promotion and encouragement of exclusive breast feeding at each of the levels studied, with the aim of increasing rates following recommendations issued by The World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the mother’s choice of infant feeding method in Poland: a cross-sectional preliminary study in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rozensztrauch ◽  
Magdalena Klaniewska ◽  
Marta Berghausen-Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background The World Health Organization identifies exclusive breastfeeding as the gold standard for child nutrition. Breastfeeding provides many benefits to both the baby and the mother. First days after birth are crucial for breastfeeding and determining its further path. Unfortunately, very often it is also the time of facing the first breastfeeding problems. The aim of this study was to analyse selected factors influencing a mother’s decision to breastfeed. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2019 and November 2019 in selected Polish maternity wards. Data were collected through completion of author’s questionnaire and a standardised questionnaire and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and also through informal interviews with mothers. During statistical analysis, the chi-square test of independence and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test as well as the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test in addition to Fisher’s exact test were performed. Results The results showed that there is no correlation between the mode of delivery and the mother’s choice of infant feeding method. Knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding and received support affects the mother’s decision on infant feeding method. The study also showed that the 83% of newborns were put to the breast within the first 2 h after birth. However, only 58% continued to be breastfed in the subsequent days. As many as 42% of the newborns were supplemented with formula despite early initiation of breastfeeding. Analyses showed that exclusive breastfeeding was more often chosen by mothers with higher education. And the most common breastfeeding problem reported by 62% of the respondents was perceived insufficient milk supply and also breastfeeding pain, reported in 48.5% mothers. Conclusions It is extremely important to continually promote breastfeeding among women. The role of midwives is crucial in this regard, as they should encourage the initiation of breastfeeding, support mothers during the perinatal and postnatal periods, and increase their sense of competence and confidence in their ability to breastfeed. Accessible, professional, and empathetic support can help reduce the number of women supplementing with modified milk. Undoubtedly, the postpartum period is important for breastfeeding outcomes, but it is significant that breastfeeding education and promotion begin during pregnancy.

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