scholarly journals Honoré de Balzac’s Treatise on Modern Stimulants: An Annotated Translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kassy Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Honore De Balzac ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annotated Translation ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

<p>Honoré de Balzac is most often celebrated for his realist fiction, but what is less well-known is that he also had philosophical aspirations, and published numerous analytical works which have largely been overlooked by French-English translators. One such work, Traité des excitants modernes, traces the societal impact of five commonly-used stimulants: tea, sugar, coffee, alcohol, tobacco. It was first published in 1839 as an appendix to the cornerstone gastronomic work, Physiologie du goût, by Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin.  The translation, “Treatise on Modern Stimulants,” will give readers a rare insight into life in Balzac’s Paris in the 1800s, a city which was undergoing a revolution culturally, politically and within the scientific fields. Balzac’s treatise is delicately balanced between science and satire, and includes anecdotes about the author overindulging in coffee, cigarettes and alcohol. Further, it sketches out Balzac’s beliefs about the impact of diet on reproduction, and he cites stimulants as one of the causes of degeneration and decline in France. The accompanying commentary examines the context of the work, and presents new ideas about the way in which the essay was written and why. Importantly, it also discusses the challenges of translating a historical work and explores whether translation can bridge the divide between generations, disciplines and cultures.</p>

scholarly journals Honoré de Balzac’s Treatise on Modern Stimulants: An Annotated Translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kassy Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Honore De Balzac ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annotated Translation ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

<p>Honoré de Balzac is most often celebrated for his realist fiction, but what is less well-known is that he also had philosophical aspirations, and published numerous analytical works which have largely been overlooked by French-English translators. One such work, Traité des excitants modernes, traces the societal impact of five commonly-used stimulants: tea, sugar, coffee, alcohol, tobacco. It was first published in 1839 as an appendix to the cornerstone gastronomic work, Physiologie du goût, by Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin.  The translation, “Treatise on Modern Stimulants,” will give readers a rare insight into life in Balzac’s Paris in the 1800s, a city which was undergoing a revolution culturally, politically and within the scientific fields. Balzac’s treatise is delicately balanced between science and satire, and includes anecdotes about the author overindulging in coffee, cigarettes and alcohol. Further, it sketches out Balzac’s beliefs about the impact of diet on reproduction, and he cites stimulants as one of the causes of degeneration and decline in France. The accompanying commentary examines the context of the work, and presents new ideas about the way in which the essay was written and why. Importantly, it also discusses the challenges of translating a historical work and explores whether translation can bridge the divide between generations, disciplines and cultures.</p>

EMPOWERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH FORESIGHT AND INNOVATION: DEVELOPING A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR EMPOWERMENT IN ENTERPRISE PROGRAMS

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 207-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLAN O'CONNOR ◽  
JOSE M. RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Education Design ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This study explores how education and development in the skills and knowledge of foresight, innovation and enterprise (FI and E) relate to the empowerment of young individuals with respect to creating a new venture. In 2003, three groups of young persons aged between 13 and 18 years participated in a program designed for empowerment. An evaluation was conducted nine months later that provided useful insight into the impact of the education design, content and delivery. This research provides deeper insight into the way FI and E education can be used to create empowerment through the derivation of a framework that addresses entry, process and agency factors.

scholarly journals Estonia’s comprehensive approach to national defence: origins and dilemmas

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viljar Veebel ◽  
Illimar Ploom
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Defence ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis study aimed to offer an in-depth insight into intellectual dilemmas associated with a comprehensive approach to national defence using Estonia as an example to demonstrate that comprehensive approach in itself may not be enough to feel safe and secure. The authors focused on two specific theoretical questions. First, how security threats are determined in Estonia, including the impact of such a phenomenon as macro-securitization? Second, how various levels of comprehensive approach relate to each other in the way that a shared security culture will be created? In this way, the aim of this article was not only to shake the foundations of national defence in Estonia but also to contribute to the improvement of the current model to ensure that it actually works in practice.

The Myth of Triumphalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Moral Leadership ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
Mikhail Gorbachev ◽  
Us Military ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Virtually no one anticipated the ending of the Cold War. Understanding how this long-standing conflict was peacefully resolved can give us insight into how to conclude other seemingly intractable conflicts. Triumphalists believe that President Ronald Reagan “won” the Cold War by building up US military power and threatening the USSR. His hard-line policies forced Moscow to reduce its arsenal, adopt democratic reforms, withdraw from its war in Afghanistan, and ultimately collapse. Triumphalists assert that contemporary leaders should follow Reagan’s example bycompelling adversaries into submission. However, triumphalism is a myth, a series of falsehoods about Reagan’s intentions, his policies, and the impact his administration had on the USSR.Drawing upon American and Soviet sources,this book demonstrates that Reagan’s initial hard-line policies brought the superpowers to the brink of war and made it more difficult for Moscow to disarm and reform. Compellence failed miserably. The Cold War was resolved through diplomacy, not threats. President Reagan eventually engaged in dialogue so as to ease Moscow’s security concerns, build trust, and focus on the superpowers’ mutual interest in eliminating nuclear arms. For his part, Mikhail Gorbachev sought to end the arms race so as to divert resources to democratization. He too sought dialogue and trust. The ending of the Cold War demonstrates the importance of moral leadership. Reagan and Gorbachev both rose above their differences and introduced radical new ideas about nuclear disarmament. Consequently, both encountered domestic opposition. Each persevered, however, leading their nations toward a safer, more humane future.

Shaping the societal impact of emergencies: striking a balance between control and cooperation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Treurniet ◽  
Manne Messemaker ◽  
Jeroen Wolbers ◽  
F. Kees Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Case ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute an analysis of how crisis communication can make a difference in terms of the impact of an emergency on society. Design/methodology/approach – The attitude of the response organisations with respect to communities is reflected in the planning model they adopt. Two ideal-typical planning models are distinguished in the literature. In order to analyse what role both planning models play in the dynamics of crisis communications, the authors selected two Dutch cases for a comparative case analysis on message contents and media responses to the crisis communication. Findings – The content analysis revealed different crisis communication styles used by the emergency response organisation. The crisis communication in the first case focused primarily on denotative meaning-making while the crisis communication in the second case focused primarily on connotative meaning-making. Practical implications – The authors argue that, in crisis communication, more attention should be paid to the way in which a response organisation approaches the situation, and to the dynamics of the interaction with the affected community. Social implications – More attention should be paid to the fact that emergency response and the affected community mutually shape each other; large-scale operations need to be moved out of their exclusivity and integrated into society. Originality/value – Crises have a significant societal impact and do not occur in isolation from the broader social environment. The way in which people within society interpret the information from the authorities is important for the emergency response organisation in order that it can adapt to ongoing developments and match its communication more effectively to the affected communities.

scholarly journals The Transnational Mission of an Indian War Correspondent: P. R. S. Mani in Southeast Asia, 1944–1946

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1936-1968
Author(s):  
HEATHER GOODALL ◽  
MARK RAVINDER FROST
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Indian Diaspora ◽  
Indian National Army ◽  
Indian War ◽  
Transnational Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article, based on new archival materials, reconstructs the experiences and observations of an Indian war correspondent from 1944 to 1946 as he covered the advance of Indian soldiers of the British-led Indian Army from northeast India, through Burma to Malaya at the war's end, then to their eventual deployment with the South East Asian Command in Java after the Japanese surrender. As it transpired, Captain P. R. S. Mani worked as an enlisted public relations officer of the British-led Indian Army but also sustained his commitment as a patriotic Indian nationalist, who gathered intelligence on the Indian diaspora in Southeast Asia and on the impact of Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army. Relatively little scholarship has focused on Asian war journalism. Mani's tension-ridden role as a self-styled ‘Indian Army observer’ provides an illuminating insight into the way in which Britain's lines of communication were appropriated and subverted during wartime and beyond, and into the way his own nationalism was reshaped by his unofficial transnational activities.

scholarly journals A review of ideas and strategies to improve scientific research and its dissemination in life and social sciences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Almgren ◽  
Nicholas Parsons ◽  
Sofie Van Den Bossche ◽  
Daniele Marinazzo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Scientific System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
The Way

In recent years, issues concerning reproducibility, questionable research practices (QRPs), and analytical flexibility have been a contentious topic in the fields of life and social sciences. As such, research has increasingly focused on studying the way we conduct science (which is a field of study in meta-science), and new ideas have been introduced on how we can improve the way we do science. In this literature review, we aim to summarize research and ideas that have been introduced in the past decade. We give an overview of studies concerning reproducibility in contemporary life and social sciences, and outline QRPs which are often used when results do not support the researcher’s hypothesis and/or when results are not statistically significant. We also discuss cognitive biases in research and the topic of analytical flexibility, which warrants straightforward interpretation and generalization of results. We summarize the literature on improving the scientific process and system of life and social sciences in six broad categories, including (1) Focus on aggregate effects across replication attempts, (2) Achieving more solid empirical claims through (pre)registered reports, (3) Transparency, complete reporting, and openness (if warranted) of data, code, all performed analyses, results, and (changes in) research plans, (4) Expanding our statistical toolbox and justifying analytical choices a priori, (5) Changing incentives in science from a focus on quantity to quality and rigor, and (6) Improving the way we decide what is considered scientific. All new implementations will require effort and time, and some implementations will create new problems which will have to be solved. A systematic evaluation of the impact of new ideas and implementations will help us fine-tune the scientific system in place, and ultimately improve the validity of scientific claims.

Narrative, Intertext and Allusion in the Qur'anic Presentation of Job

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Key Words And Phrases ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Job (Ayyūb) is a byword for patience in the Islamic tradition, notwithstanding only six Qur'anic verses are devoted to him, four in Ṣād (vv.41-4), and two in al-Anbiyā' (vv.83-4), and he is mentioned on only two other occasions, in al-Ancām (v.84) and al-Nisā' (v.163). In relation to the space devoted to him, he could be accounted a ‘lesser’ prophet, nevertheless his significance in the Qur'an is unambiguous. The impact he makes is achieved in a number of ways. One is through the elaborate intertext transmitted from the Companions and Followers, and recorded in the exegetic tradition. Another is the way in which his role and charisma are highlighted by the prophets in whose company he is presented, and the shifting emphases of each of the sūras in which he appears. Yet another is the wider context created by these sūras in which key words and phrases actualize a complex network of echoes and resonances that elicit internal and transsūra associations focusing attention on him from various perspectives. The effectiveness of this presentation of him derives from the linguistic genius of the Qur'an which by this means triggers a vivid encounter with aspects of the rhythm of divine revelation no less direct than that of visual iconography in the Western Tradition.

Invention of Judaism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Judaism is often understood as the way of life defined by the Torah of Moses, but it was not always so. This book identifies key moments in the rise of the Torah, beginning with the formation of Deuteronomy, advancing through the reform of Ezra, the impact of the suppression of the Torah by Antiochus Epiphanes and the consequent Maccabean revolt, and the rise of Jewish sectarianism. It also discusses variant forms of Judaism, some of which are not Torah-centered and others which construe the Torah through the lenses of Hellenistic culture or through higher, apocalyptic, revelation. It concludes with the critique of the Torah in the writings of Paul.

Conceptualizing the impact of machines, science and technologies on the sociocultural environment that shapes the teacher's paradigm of values and views of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2161-2179
Author(s):  
A.B. Lanchakov ◽  
S.A. Filin ◽  
A.Zh. Yakushev ◽  
E.E. Zhusipova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Sociocultural Development ◽  
Prediction And Forecasting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Motivation ◽  
The Way

Subject. In this article we analyze how machinery, science and technologies influence the sociocultural environment that engenders the teacher's paradigm of values and views of life. Objectives. We herein outline guidance to predict the way teachers' views of life might evolve in corresponding sociocultural periods more precisely. The article analyzes making more precise forecasts of oncoming economic crises, which will cause some changes in teachers' mindset. Methods. The study involves learning methodologies, methods of prediction and forecasting, including foresight. Results. We propose and analyze the theory holding that the human civilization passes cycles during its sociocultural development in terms of a new set of values in contemporary teachers' views of life. The article sets forth our recommendations on innovation-driven views of life, mindset and thinking and, consequently, the development of intellectual qualities, knowledge, skills, cognitive activity, positive motivation to the professional activity of a teacher and alumni during more elevated periods, which requires to more precisely predict the way teachers’ mindset may change in certain sociocultural periods. Conclusions and Relevance. As the human civilization enters the innovation-driven sociocultural period, teachers and social relationships should demonstrate more innovative and environmentally-friendly attitudes and views of life.

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