scholarly journals Towards Blockchain Network Platform for IoT Data Integrity and Scalability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Chung Yup Kim
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Transaction Processing ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Integration Platform ◽  
Financial Domain ◽  
Network Platform ◽  
Conventional Models

<p>Decentralised technology backed by blockchain has gained popularity in recent years, as it secures autonomous ecosystems without the need for a central authority. The blockchain concept originated in the financial domain using cryptocurrency but has been applied to a variety of industries over the last few years. In the era of Industry 4.0, most enterprises leverage automation by using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Despite the numerous applications of blockchain across industries, significant latency in the consensus algorithm in blockchain hinders its adoption among businesses using IoT technology. A number of studies have addressed the obstacles of transaction processing performance and system scalability, mostly based on a public blockchain. However, the approaches still involve centralised components and thus fail to fully utilise decentralisation. Here, a private blockchain-based IoT data integration platform is proposed to achieve data integrity and system scalability. Along with a lightweight IoT gateway, instead of any other additional middleware, the process and the system configuration are streamlined. By using Hyperledger Fabric, the design is validated, and the proposed architecture outperforms other conventional models in IoT data processing. Thus, decentralisation in IoT environments is achieved.</p>

scholarly journals Towards Blockchain Network Platform for IoT Data Integrity and Scalability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Chung Yup Kim
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Transaction Processing ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Integration Platform ◽  
Financial Domain ◽  
Network Platform ◽  
Conventional Models

<p>Decentralised technology backed by blockchain has gained popularity in recent years, as it secures autonomous ecosystems without the need for a central authority. The blockchain concept originated in the financial domain using cryptocurrency but has been applied to a variety of industries over the last few years. In the era of Industry 4.0, most enterprises leverage automation by using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Despite the numerous applications of blockchain across industries, significant latency in the consensus algorithm in blockchain hinders its adoption among businesses using IoT technology. A number of studies have addressed the obstacles of transaction processing performance and system scalability, mostly based on a public blockchain. However, the approaches still involve centralised components and thus fail to fully utilise decentralisation. Here, a private blockchain-based IoT data integration platform is proposed to achieve data integrity and system scalability. Along with a lightweight IoT gateway, instead of any other additional middleware, the process and the system configuration are streamlined. By using Hyperledger Fabric, the design is validated, and the proposed architecture outperforms other conventional models in IoT data processing. Thus, decentralisation in IoT environments is achieved.</p>

Blockchain in the Biopharmaceutical Industry

2022 ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Tiziano Volpentesta ◽  
Mario Miozza ◽  
Abhijeet Satwekar
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Electronic Data Interchange ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Data Interchange ◽  
Extensive Documentation ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
Paper Documentation ◽  
Point To Point

Biopharmaceutical companies and health authorities continuously exchange information to provide safe and effective therapeutics. The interactions between the two require transparency and extensive documentation exchange concerning the processes which extend from the development through the manufacturing phase. The current processes rely on paper documentation, notebooks, and point-to-point electronic data interchange (EDI) for the storage of data. Thereby, generating challenges of data integrity within the internal siloed structures and the traceability of the medicinal products in the pursuit to avoid counterfeiting. With Industry 4.0 and blockchain, the authors envisioned a reinvented workflow that helps to 1) manage data integrity with decentralized trust and 2) improve the track and trace capabilities. Hence, biopharmaceutical companies can manage data in a more trustable manner while maintaining security and privacy, further enabling the external ecosystem with track and trace to ensure complete transparency until the therapeutics reach patients.

A Brief Analysis of Blockchain Algorithms and Its Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi ◽  
Tuhina Shree
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Comparison Algorithms

Blockchain is the world's most trusted service. It serves as a ledger that allows transaction to take place in a decentralized manner. There are so many applications based on blockchain technology, including those covering numerous fields like financial services, non-financial services, internet of things (IoT), and so on. Blockchain combines a distributed database and decentralized ledger without the need of verification by central authority. This chapter surveys the different consensus algorithms, blockchain challenges, and their scope. There are still many challenges of this technology, such as scalability and security problems, waiting to be overcome. The consensus algorithms of blockchain are proof of work (POW), proof of stake (POS), ripple protocol consensus algorithm (RPCA), delegated proof of stake (dPOS), stellar consensus protocol (SCP), and proof of importance (POI). This chapter discusses the core concept of blockchain and some mining techniques, consensus problems, and consensus algorithms and comparison algorithms on the basis of performance.

scholarly journals Research and Applied Perspective to Blockchain Technology: A Comprehensive Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6252
Author(s):  
Sumaira Johar ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Warda Asher ◽  
Haitham Cruickshank ◽  
Amad Durrani
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Consensus Methods ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Development Platform ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

Blockchain being a leading technology in the 21st century is revolutionizing each sector of life. Services are being provided and upgraded using its salient features and fruitful characteristics. Businesses are being enhanced by using this technology. Countries are shifting towards digital currencies i.e., an initial application of blockchain application. It omits the need of central authority by its distributed ledger functionality. This distributed ledger is achieved by using a consensus mechanism in blockchain. A consensus algorithm plays a core role in the implementation of blockchain. Any application implementing blockchain uses consensus algorithms to achieve its desired task. In this paper, we focus on provisioning of a comparative analysis of blockchain’s consensus algorithms with respect to the type of application. Furthermore, we discuss the development platforms as well as technologies of blockchain. The aim of the paper is to provide knowledge from basic to extensive from blockchain architecture to consensus methods, from applications to development platform, from challenges and issues to blockchain research gaps in various areas.

A Brief Analysis of Blockchain Algorithms and Its Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi ◽  
Tuhina Shree
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Comparison Algorithms

Blockchain is the world's most trusted service. It serves as a ledger that allows transaction to take place in a decentralized manner. There are so many applications based on blockchain technology, including those covering numerous fields like financial services, non-financial services, internet of things (IoT), and so on. Blockchain combines a distributed database and decentralized ledger without the need of verification by central authority. This chapter surveys the different consensus algorithms, blockchain challenges, and their scope. There are still many challenges of this technology, such as scalability and security problems, waiting to be overcome. The consensus algorithms of blockchain are proof of work (POW), proof of stake (POS), ripple protocol consensus algorithm (RPCA), delegated proof of stake (dPOS), stellar consensus protocol (SCP), and proof of importance (POI). This chapter discusses the core concept of blockchain and some mining techniques, consensus problems, and consensus algorithms and comparison algorithms on the basis of performance.

scholarly journals Assembly system configuration through Industry 4.0 principles: the expected change in the actual paradigms

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 14958-14963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Cohen ◽  
Maurizio Faccio ◽  
Francesco Gabriele Galizia ◽  
Cristina Mora ◽  
Francesco Pilati
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
System Configuration

scholarly journals Coordination in the Age of Industry 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Lesław Pietrewicz
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Coordination Mechanisms ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Relationship

Coordination, competition and cooperation are the three main types of strategic interactions. Coordination, despite its importance in structuring business interactions and its impact on firm performance, remains an understudied phenomenon, with the bulk of the research on business interactions focusing on competition and cooperation, and, more recently, on their simultaneous use in coopetition. However, growing complexity and specialization of enterprises increase coordination needs and call for renewed academic interest in the topic. Advances in digitalization and the rise of Industry 4.0, predicated on the growing interconnectedness and interdependence of technologies and business organizations, make the topic of coordination more relevant than ever before. The aim of this paper is to present a simplified model of coordination reflecting both the demands of Industry 4.0, and the possibilities it creates. Following the established conceptualizations of coordination, the model has two main components – interdependencies and coordination mechanisms. However, the conventional models presented the relationship as direct and unidirectional, with interdependencies viewed as given and the mechanisms of coordination as organizational responses aimed at achieving coordination. In contrast to the traditional approach, we allow for two-way causality between interdependencies and coordination mechanisms, as the latter not only are set to manage existing interdependencies, but also can elicit specific interdependencies, particularly those connectivity- and communication-related, as these are needed to induce all parties to follow the overall or common goal. ICT plays a central role in the model as mediating in managing interdependencies. Finally, the Industry 4.0-related public policy is recognized as capable of affecting business organizations’ ability to effectively manage interdependencies.

scholarly journals Public Distributed Decentralized System as Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Sayali Sandesh Pingale ◽  
Prof. Rohit Bag ◽  
Dr. Mangesh M. Ghonge
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Database System ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
System A ◽  
The Right ◽  
Centralized System

Blockchain technology is very useful in multiple areas in our day-to-day world. Along with many social networking platforms there is a possibility of data theft or tampered or data leakage and hence we need our data to be secure and immutable. One of the best solutions to this problem is blockchain technology. It replaced the traditional centralized system with a distributed, decentralized database system. A centralized system requires third parties like servers, banks, or any intermediary for transactions between two users where decentralized systems do not require any central authority to work in between two users. Blockchain technology fully works on a decentralized system. By using a cryptographic consensus algorithm, we achieve privacy, security, and immutability. This paper presents the survey of the most important technology, also presents prerequisites of the technology. The purpose of this paper is too familiar with the innovative, revolutionizing technology as well as awareness of the technology. This paper gives an idea of whether we choose blockchain or not as the right solution for our application based on its characteristics, design, and implementation.

scholarly journals Data Integrity Time Optimization of a Blockchain IoT Smart Home Network Using Different Consensus and Hash Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ammar Riadh Kairaldeen ◽  
Nor Fadzilah Abdullah ◽  
Asma Abu-Samah ◽  
Rosdiadee Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Home Networks ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Time Optimization ◽  
Merkle Hash Tree ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Data security is a major issue for smart home networks. Yet, different existing tools and techniques have not been proven highly effective for home networks’ data security. Blockchain is a promising technology because of the distributed computing infrastructure network that makes it difficult for hackers to intrude into the systems through the use of cryptographic signatures and smart contracts. In this paper, an architecture for smart home networks that could guarantee data integrity, robust security, and the ability to protect the validity of the blockchain transactions has been investigated. The system model is tested using various sizes of realistic datasets (30, 3 k, and 30 k to represent a small, medium, and large number of transactions, respectively). Four different consensus algorithms were considered, the conventional schemes concatenated hash transactions (CHT) and Merkle hash tree (MHT), as well as the newly proposed odd and even modified MHT (O&E MHT) and modified MHT (MMHT). Moreover, 15 hash functions were also examined and compared to understand the effects of each consensus algorithms on the data integrity verification check execution time and the time optimization provided by the proposed MMHT algorithm. The results show that even though the CHT algorithm gives the lowest execution time, it is impractical for a blockchain implementation due to the requirement to copy the entire blockchain ledger in real time. Meanwhile, the O&E MHT does not give any tangible benefit in the execution time. However, the proposed MMHT offers a minimum of 30% gain in time optimization than the conventional MHT algorithm typically used in blockchains. This work shows that the proposed MMHT consensus algorithm not only can identify malicious codes but has an improved data integrity check performance in smart homes, all while ensuring network stability.

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