scholarly journals Mechanism of Macrophage Action in Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Yangle Li ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Xiaoqing Wu ◽  
Feng Yang
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Disability Rate ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
End Stage

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease and the main cause of pain and disability in adults (typical clinical OA characteristics), and women are more predisposed to this disease than men. About 400 million people worldwide and more than 100 million in China suffer from arthritis. OA was named the 11th largest contributor of mortality in the world, with a disability rate of as high as 53%, and is among the three major killers threatening the health of the elderly. Colloquially, OA is called the “number one disabling disease of the 21st century.” It is the main reason for the malfunctioned mobility of the elderly. Generally, women and men start to have OA at 40 and 50, respectively. Incidence rates increased dramatically between the ages of 55 and 60. The prevalence rate among older persons over 70 years of age is almost 80–90%. In addition, the disease is a chronic progressive disease, which can not only lead to the decline of life function and the reduction or even loss of quality of life, but also has an important and huge impact on health care and social costs. This disease may also demand higher economic requirements of the affected families. Until now, since the pain mechanism of the disease is not clear, there are no effective treatment methods, and surgical joint replacement is the only choice to treat the end-stage disease. This paper focuses on the role of macrophages in OA development, with particular attention to the occurrence of pain and possible mediators involved.

HUBUNGAN PERAN FAMILY CAREGIVER TERHADAP QUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
RIANI PRADARA JATI ◽  
Sekar Farah Nabila
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family

  Penempatan peran yang baik bagi Family Caregiver sangatlah membantu lansia dalam meningkatkah qualitas hidupnya, meningkatkan motivasi dalam menjalankan hidup Penelitian ini bertujuan Mengetahui hubungan peran Family Caregiver dalam pemenuhan qualitas hidup bagi lansia di Kelurahan Langenharjo Kabupaten Kendal. DesainPenelitianDeskriptifKorelasional menggunakan pendekatan Krosectional,tehnikSamplingStratified Simple Random Sampling dengan karakteristik heterogen, dari populasi mempunyai hak yang sama untuk diseleksi sebagai sampel teknik undianPengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uji statistik Chi-square, dengan taraf signifikasi 5%jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini 70 sampel pada Family Caregiver dari 213 populasi yang ada. Hasil penelitian dari 70 responden didapatkan Peran Family Caregiver tidak baik dengan qualitas hidup tidak baik 33 (47,1%), sedangkan Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik 3 (4,3%). Untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik sebanyak 6 responden (8,6%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik sebanyak 23 responden (32,9%). Terakhir, untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik didapatkan hasil 2 responden (2, 9%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik didapatkan hasil 3 responden (4,3%)Menunjukkan nilai ρ value 0,001 (ρ < 0,05) berarti ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan lansia dalam keikutsertaan posyandu lansia. Disarankan kepada semua Family Cregiver lansia untuk mampu memahami pentingnya perhatian, dukungan bagi lansia dalammeningkatkan qualitas hidup yang lebih baik bagi lansia.   Kata kunci : Peran family caregiver, qualitas hidup, lansia.   ABSTRACT Placement of a good role for Family Caregiver is very helpful for the elderly to improve their quality of life, increase motivation in living life Research Objective: To know the relationship between the role of Family Caregiver in fulfilling quality of life for the elderly in Langenharjo Village, Kendal Regency. Descriptive Correlational Research Design uses a cross sectional approach, Sampling Stratified Simple Random Sampling technique with heterogeneous characteristics, from the population has the same right to be selected as a sample lottery technique Retrieving data using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Test Chi-square statistics, with a significance level of 5% the number of samples in this study 70 samples on the Family Caregiver from 213 populations. Results of the Study Of 70 respondents found the role of Family Caregiver was not good with poor quality of life 33 (47.1%) , while the role of the Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of a good elderly 3 (4.3%). For the distribution of the role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of the poor family as many as 6 respondents (8.6%) while for the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of good elderly as many as 23 respondents (32.9%). Finally, the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the poor is obtained by 2 respondents (2, 9%), while the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the elderly is obtained by 3 respondents (4.3%). 0.001 (ρ <0.05) means that there is a relationship between family support and the compliance of the elderly in the participation of the elderly posyandu. It is recommended to all elderly Cregiver families to be able to understand the importance of attention, support for the elderly in improving the quality of life better for the elderly   Keywords: Role of Family Caregiver, Quality of Life, Elderly

The Role of Manual Occupation in the Aetiology of Dupuytren’s Disease in Men in England and Wales

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. KHAN ◽  
O. J. RIDER ◽  
C. U. JAYADEV ◽  
C. HERAS-PALOU ◽  
H. GIELE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Dupuytren’S Disease ◽  
Dupuytren's Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Occupational Social Class ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Manual Occupation

We compared the incidence of significant Dupuytren’s disease in men across occupational social classes in England and Wales, using data from the National Morbidity Survey. We found that manual occupational social class was not associated with an increased incidence of Dupuytren’s disease. In fact, the incidence rates of Dupuytren’s disease in the elderly were higher in non-manual than in manual social classes.

The Role of Novel Bone Forming Agents in the Treatment of Osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 089719002096122
Author(s):  
Hansita B. Patel ◽  
Lynsie J. Lyerly ◽  
Cheryl K. Horlen
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bisphosphonate Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

Osteoporosis is a growing epidemic that leads to significant morbidity and mortality among the elderly population due to associated fractures that lead to disabilities and reduced quality of life. Bisphosphonates are well-established as a first-line and cost-effective treatment for osteoporosis. Unfortunately, clinicians are often uncertain as to how to select treatments when bisphosphonates are ineffective as initial treatment or contraindicated. Romosozumab and abaloparatide are 2 alternative agents that have been recently FDA approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk for fracture or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other osteoporosis therapies. Currently, the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) has no formal recommendations in regard to these 2 novel agents. The purpose of this review is to help guide pharmacists on how to ensure appropriate utilization of these 2 novel bone-forming agents as potential alternatives to bisphosphonate therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations according to the current literature and key counseling points.

Predictors of Change in Quality of Life in Patients With End-Stage Disease During Hospitalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Radka Bužgová ◽  
Lucie Sikorová ◽  
Radka Kozáková ◽  
Darja Jarošová
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Predictors Of Change

Background: Currently, there are no studies aimed at evaluating the quality of life (QoL) of patients with end-stage disease during hospitalization and the factors that influence it. Aim: The aim of the research was to identify predictors of change in the QoL of patients hospitalized due to advanced stage of disease. Methods: The sample consisted of 140 patients with end-stage disease who were hospitalized on this account. For evaluation of QoL, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Karnofsky Performance Status questionnaires were used for the assessment of mental and functional status. For the evaluation of predictors of negative change in QoL, a logistic regression analysis was used. Results: During hospitalization, there was a significant deterioration in the scores given for all domains of the functional QLQ-C30 scale, but not the symptomatic scale. Predictors of change in overall QoL detected were marital status, improved functional status, and depression detected on admission to hospital. Gender and age were found to be protective factors against deterioration in overall QoL. Conclusion: Sociodemographic characteristics and mental and functional status may be associated with change in QoL of patients with end-stage disease during hospitalization.

Ethics and the law involving the elderly

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Dodds ◽  
Chandra M. Kumar ◽  
Frédérique Servin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Assisted Death ◽  
The Uk

The role of ethics in the care of the elderly is discussed, and some of the aspects of importance to anaesthesia are reviewed. Ethical principles are commonly viewed as either consequential, where the risk/benefit balance between necessary harm (surgery) provides improved quality of life, or deontological, where it is simply the action that is judged and not the outcome. The lack of individualized outcome data is identified as a major issue for the consequential process. Consent for surgery (and anaesthesia) is described in the context of the UK, but it is applicable worldwide. The validity of informed consent is reviewed against the criteria of competence, lack of duress, and appropriately provided information. The capacity to give consent and the use of legal alternatives such as health attorneys is detailed. Finally, the debate on excellent palliative care rather than assisted death is reviewed.

Case Discussions in Advanced Care Planning

2020 ◽  
pp. 104990912094849
Author(s):  
Regine Krechowicz ◽  
Melini Gupta ◽  
Valerie Gratton ◽  
Carly Hickey ◽  
Laura H. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Advanced Care Planning ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Case Discussions ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Valuable Role

Background: Advanced care planning (ACP) provides an opportunity for individuals to explore and document their values concerning medical care decisions prior to an acute event. This manuscript explores the value of ACP and compares and contrasts 2 ACP models currently in practice. Methods: This hypothetical case describes an elderly, frail patient with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who is also a high user of health care resources. A new palliative care-led outpatient ACP clinic model is described using this example. Results: Using the ACP clinic model in this case reveals how different a patient’s end of life experience may be when proper, proactive planning measures are in place. With proper education and discussion around this patient and family’s wishes pertaining to the end of his life, this man was able to change his plan of care from aggressive resuscitation treatment in hospital to a peaceful palliative experience at home. Conclusions: In this case description, the valuable role of ACP in preserving quality of life for patients, increasing satisfaction with care, and decreasing distress among family members during a medical event is demonstrated.

scholarly journals The Role of Estrogens in Rheumatoid Arthritis Physiopathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Romo-García ◽  
Martín Zapata-Zuñiga ◽  
José Antonio Enciso-Moreno ◽  
Julio Enrique Castañeda-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Estrogen Administration

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory joint disease that can lead to irreversible disability. It affects women in a higher proportion than men (3:1 cases). Several reports suggest a link between female sexual hormones (estrogens) and RA features. It’s been described that biological processes where basal estrogen levels are altered like in menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause modifies RA onset, flare, disease severity, and inflammation. Estrogens have a direct action upon the immune system though ERα and ERβ receptors, which have distinct affinity to estrogen concentrations and modifications and have effects upon RA in a dose and receptor dependent manner. The studies focused on dose dependent response at experimental settings reveal a wide (from 25 pg/L to several μg/L) and even contradictory spectrum of effects in patients and cells. This chapter summarizes the contributions and effects of estrogens in RA physiopathology, clinical features, and discusses the possible contributions of estrogen administration and concentration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to improve the quality of life and reduce the symptoms of RA patients based on the knowledge of the biology of these hormones.

Gender differences in health-related quality of life among the elderly: The role of objective functional capacity and chronic conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2367-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Orfila ◽  
Montserrat Ferrer ◽  
Rosa Lamarca ◽  
Cristian Tebe ◽  
Antonia Domingo-Salvany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Objective Functional

A Review of Prognostic Tools in Heart Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Treece ◽  
Hrak Chemchirian ◽  
Neil Hamilton ◽  
Manar Jbara ◽  
Venkataramanan Gangadharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Palliative Medicine ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Advanced Heart Failure ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Patients With Poor Prognosis

A minority of patients with end-stage disease are referred to palliative medicine for consultation in advanced heart failure. Educating stakeholders, including primary care, cardiology, and critical care of the benefits of hospice and palliative medicine for patients with poor prognosis, may increase appropriately timed referrals and improve quality of life for these patients. This article reviews multiple tools useful in prognostication in the setting of advanced heart failure.

scholarly journals Haemophilia and Joint Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Knobe ◽  
Erik Berntorp
Keyword(s):  
Joint Disease ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Recurrent Bleeding ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Haemophilic Arthropathy ◽  
Chronic Synovitis ◽  
Bleeding Episodes ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Clotting Factor Concentrates

In patients with haemophilia, regular replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates (prophylaxis) is effective in preventing recurrent bleeding episodes into joints and muscles. However, despite this success, intra-articular and intramuscular bleeding is still a major clinical manifestation of the disease. Bleeding most commonly occurs in the knees, elbows, and ankles, and is often evident from early childhood. The pathogenesis of haemophilic arthropathy is multifactorial, with changes occurring in the synovium, bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. Recurrent joint bleeding causes synovial proliferation and inflammation (haemophilic synovitis) that contribute to end-stage degeneration (haemophilic arthropathy); with pain and limitation of motion severely affecting patients’ quality of life. If joint bleeding is not treated adequately, it tends to recur, resulting in a vicious cycle that must be broken to prevent the development of chronic synovitis and degenerative arthritis. Effective prevention and management of haemophilic arthropathy includes the use of early, aggressive prophylaxis with factor replacement therapies, as well as elective procedures, including restorative physical therapy, analgesia, aspiration, synovectomy, and orthopaedic surgery. Optimal treatment of patients with haemophilia requires a multidisciplinary team comprising a haematologist, physiotherapist, orthopaedic practitioner, rehabilitation physician, occupational therapist, psychologist, social workers, and nurses.

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