scholarly journals Progress in the Pathologic Diagnosis of Borderline Follicular Thyroid Tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Minghan Yang ◽  
Yaming Ji ◽  
Jinku Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Section ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Follicular Tumors

With the progress of science and technology as well as the development of ultrasound technology, more and more thyroid tumors have been found. Follicular tumor is one of the most common thyroid tumors, but borderline follicular tumors are relatively rare. At present, the diagnosis of borderline follicular thyroid tumor is unclear prior to surgery, and it is difficult to identify in frozen section or even conventional section. In order to effectively improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of borderline follicular thyroid tumor, this paper summarizes the new WHO (World Health Organization) classification of borderline follicular thyroid tumor along with diagnostic methods, including clinical fine needle aspiration cytology, histopathology, and molecular biology, and reviews the research progress.

scholarly journals A recent update of the diagnostic methods for tuberculosis and their applicability in Indonesia: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-91
Author(s):  
Tri Nugraha Susilawati ◽  
Riska Larasati
Keyword(s):  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current State ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assays ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Health Organization

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global problem, especially with the high prevalence of HIV-TB co-infection. Delayed diagnosis and continual transmission contribute to high mortality in Indonesia, which has the third highest incidence of TB in the world, after China and India. Therefore, early diagnosis is needed to reduce the number of cases and to administer therapy to prevent the transmission of bacteria. The diagnosis of TB remains a challenge in clinical practice due to poor sensitivity and the requirement of skilled staff in microscopic tests, the slow growth Mycobacterium in culture, and the low number of bacilli present in extrapulmonary TB. Despite being the golden standard for TB diagnosis, cultures require 2–8 weeks to grow. Other methods for diagnosing TB include interferon-gamma release assays and serologic tests such as the tuberculin skin test. Recently, the World Health Organization recommended the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing TB. This review presents the current state of TB epidemiology and various methods for TB diagnosis. In particular, the paper provides an in-depth discussion about the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay that has been made available recently in selected tertiary hospitals in Indonesia.

Accuracy of Intraoperative Examination in Central Nervous System Lesions: A Study of 133 Cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Ludmila Barbosa de Souza Balsimelli ◽  
Jamille Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Flora Ávila Adorno ◽  
Clarissa Almeida Brites ◽  
Giuliano Stefanello Bublitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cns Lesions

Objective: Intraoperative examination is a highly valuable tool for the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) lesions, helping the neurosurgeon to determine the best surgical management. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and to analyze the diagnostic disagreements and pitfalls of the intraoperative examinations through correlation with the final histopathological diagnosis in CNS lesions. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of intraoperative examination of CNS lesions and their final diagnosis obtained during 16 consecutive years. All diagnoses were reviewed and classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) grading for CNS tumors. Squash was performed in 119 cases, while frozen section and both methods were done in 7 cases each. Results: Among the 133 intraoperative examinations considered, 114 (85.7%) presented concordance and 19 (14.3%) diagnostic disagreement when compared with subsequent histopathological examinations. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of neoplasia in intraoperative examination was 98 and 94%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 99 and 88%, respectively. The accuracy for neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease was 85.7%. Disagreements were more frequent among low-grade (WHO grades I and II) neoplasms and nonmalignant cases. Conclusions: Our results showed good accuracy of the intraoperative assessments for diagnosis of CNS lesions, particularly in high-grade (grades III and IV) lesions and metastatic neoplasms.

scholarly journals Advances in Diagnostic Methods for Zika Virus Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Herrada ◽  
Md. Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Rommel Altamirano ◽  
Waseem Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Health Organization

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. The severity of the disease, as well as its fast spread over several continents, has urged the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare ZIKV a global health concern. In consequence, over the past couple of years, there has been a significant effort for the development of ZIKV diagnostic methods, vaccine development, and prevention strategies. This review focuses on the most recent aspects of ZIKV research which includes the outbreaks, genome structure, multiplication and propagation of the virus, and more importantly, the development of serological and molecular detection tools such as Zika IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Zika MAC-ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Additionally, we discuss the limitations of currently available diagnostic methods, the potential of newly developed sensing technologies, and also provide insight into future areas of research.

scholarly journals Perspectives for Improved and More Accurate Classification of Thyroid Epithelial Tumors

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 3286-3294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Eszlinger ◽  
Knut Krohn ◽  
Steffen Hauptmann ◽  
Henning Dralle ◽  
Thomas J. Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Epithelial Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

Context: Histologic examination of thyroid nodules is the current standard to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid epithelial tumors and to classify histologic subtypes. This review analyzes the problems in histological differential diagnosis as well as contradictions between histology and molecular data and describes possibilities to combine histology with molecular data in an effort to more accurately classify thyroid epithelial tumors. Evidence Acquisition: Published literature, addressing the current recommendations for thyroid tumor classification, as well as literature on the application of histology and molecular studies on the etiology of thyroid tumors is analyzed. Evidence Synthesis: The current histologic criteria to classify thyroid tumors, especially follicular-patterned tumors, are hampered by considerable interobserver variability. The detection of somatic mutations via genotyping and the definition of potentially informative gene expression signatures by microarray analyses, which can distinguish cancer subtypes as well as low- and high-risk cohorts, have recently demonstrated significant diagnostic potential. Moreover, in a routine diagnostic setting, micro-RNA profiling appears most promising due to their relative stability and the high accuracy of their expression profiles. Conclusions: It is very likely that molecular definitions of thyroid tumors mentioned in the current World Health Organization classification will be further developed, leading to future progress in defining thyroid tumor types by an integrated histologic and molecular approach. These integrated classifications need to be evaluated for their specific impact on thyroid tumor diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals Change in TB diagnostic profile after introduction of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in National TB Program of Armenia, 2013-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05.1) ◽  
pp. 022S-027S
Author(s):  
Eduard Kabasakalyan ◽  
Karapet Davtyan ◽  
Viktorya Cholakyans ◽  
Alvard Mirzoyan ◽  
Karine Kentenyants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Profile ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Xpert Assay

Introduction: In 2013, the National Tuberculosis (TB) Program of Armenia introduced GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay to address World Health Organization (WHO) target of 80% (2020) of notified new and relapse TB cases to be tested with WHO recommended rapid diagnostic methods. This study aimed to assess the change in laboratory diagnostic profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after introduction of the Xpert assay from 2013 to 2017. Methodology: Retrospective cohort analysis of all presumptive TB patients’ records retrieved from the National Reference Laboratory database was performed. Results: This study showed increased trend of Xpert coverage for suspected TB cases from 25% in 2013 to 86% in 2017 which is in line with WHO TB global strategy’s target of 80% in 2020. In 4.7% cases, Xpert tested positive while microscopy showed negative results. There was also an improved detection of Rifampicin resistance with increased concordance from 99.1% to 99.4% and decreased discordance from 6.7% to 1.4% between culture and Xpert results. Conclusion: Armenia has achieved the 2020 target; in terms of utilizing the GeneXpert it is on track to achieve the End TB strategy target of 100% by 2025. The next step of this research will be assessment of the impact of GeneXpert and other TB tests utilization on the treatment outcomes in Armenia.

scholarly journals Cytopathological Findings of Secretory Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland and the Diagnostic Utility of Giemsa Staining

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2284
Author(s):  
Yuria Egusa ◽  
Midori Filiz Nishimura ◽  
Satoko Baba ◽  
Kengo Takeuchi ◽  
Takuma Makino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
World Health ◽  
Salivary Gland Neoplasm ◽  
Secretory Carcinoma ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Metachromatic Granules ◽  
Health Organization

Secretory carcinoma is a salivary gland neoplasm first described as a mammary analogue secretory carcinoma by Skalova et al. in 2010 and redesignated as a secretory carcinoma in the 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors. Secretory carcinoma diagnosis is reliant on specific cytological and histological findings and the detection of an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene. Here, we examined the clinical and cytopathological features of four cases of secretory carcinoma occurring in three males and a female, aged between 39 and 74 years. All four tumors involved the parotid gland, and were found to have the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene. Fine-needle aspiration-based cytology smears of all tumors displayed papillary and/or dendritic pattern clusters, some of which were associated with blood vessels. The neoplastic cells displayed enlarged nuclei with fine chromatin and small, distinct, single nucleoli. Furthermore, several neoplastic cells with a characteristic vacuolated cytoplasm were identified in each specimen. Giemsa staining revealed cytoplasmic vacuolation, intracytoplasmic metachromatic secretions and/or various sized metachromatic granules, and a background of metachromatic mucin in all four specimens. Given this, we conclude that these cytological findings, especially those of the Giemsa staining, might be helpful in the diagnosis of secretory carcinoma.

scholarly journals A Combined Digital and Biomarker Diagnostic Aid for Mood Disorders (the Delta Trial): Protocol for an Observational Study

10.2196/18453 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e18453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Olmert ◽  
Jason D Cooper ◽  
Sung Yeon Sarah Han ◽  
Giles Barton-Owen ◽  
Lynn Farrag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Health Organization

Background Mood disorders affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, imposing a substantial medical and economic burden. Existing diagnostic methods for mood disorders often result in a delay until accurate diagnosis, exacerbating the challenges of these disorders. Advances in digital tools for psychiatry and understanding the biological basis of mood disorders offer the potential for novel diagnostic methods that facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of patients. Objective The Delta Trial was launched to develop an algorithm-based diagnostic aid combining symptom data and proteomic biomarkers to reduce the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) as a major depressive disorder (MDD) and achieve more accurate and earlier MDD diagnosis. Methods Participants for this ethically approved trial were recruited through the internet, mainly through Facebook advertising. Participants were then screened for eligibility, consented to participate, and completed an adaptive digital questionnaire that was designed and created for the trial on a purpose-built digital platform. A subset of these participants was selected to provide dried blood spot (DBS) samples and undertake a World Health Organization World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen to maximize the safety of a trial population that was both relevant to the trial objectives and generalizable. To provide statistical power and validation sets for the primary and secondary objectives, 840 participants were required to complete the digital questionnaire, submit DBS samples, and undertake a CIDI. Results The Delta Trial is now complete. More than 3200 participants completed the digital questionnaire, 924 of whom also submitted DBS samples and a CIDI, whereas a total of 1780 participants completed a 6-month follow-up questionnaire and 1542 completed a 12-month follow-up questionnaire. The analysis of the trial data is now underway. Conclusions If a diagnostic aid is able to improve the diagnosis of BD and MDD, it may enable earlier treatment for patients with mood disorders. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18453

scholarly journals A Strategy for Efficient Preparation of Genus-Specific Diagnostic Antibodies for Snakebites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengbo Long ◽  
Feilong Wu ◽  
Qiumin Lu ◽  
Bing Xie ◽  
Chuanbin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Peptide Fragments ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Species Specific

As said by former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, “Snakebite is the most important tropical disease you’ve never heard of.” Listed as a priority neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization, snakebite envenoming (SBE) kills in excess of 125,000 people per year. However, due to the complexity and overlap of snake venom compositions, few reliable venom diagnostic methods for genus-/species-specific identification, which is crucial for successful SBE therapy, are available. Here, we develop a strategy to select and prepare genus-specific snake venom antibodies, which allows rapid and efficient clinical diagnosis of snakebite. Multi-omics approaches are used to choose candidate antigens from snake venoms and identify genus-specific antigenic epitope peptide fragments (GSAEPs) with ideal immunogenicity, specificity, and spatial accessibility. Double-antibody sandwich ELISA kit was established by matching a polyclonal antibody against a natural antigen and a monoclonal antibody that was prepared by natural protein as antigen and can specifically target the GSAEPs. The kit shows the ability to accurately identify venoms from similar genera of Trimeresurus and Protobothrops with a detection limit of 6.25 ng/ml on the snake venoms and a little cross-reaction, thus proving high feasibility and applicability.

scholarly journals Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymphadenitis in an HIV-endemic setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Minnies ◽  
Byron W.P. Reeve ◽  
Loren Rockman ◽  
Georgina Nyawo ◽  
Charissa C. Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Specimen Processing ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Background: Tuberculosis lymphadenitis (TBL) is the most common extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) manifestation. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) is a World Health Organization-endorsed diagnostic test, but performance data for TBL, including on non-invasive specimens, are limited. Methods: Fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) from outpatients (≥18 years) with presumptive TBL (n=135) underwent: 1) routine Xpert (later Ultra once programmatically available), 2) a MGIT 960 culture (if Xpert- or Ultra-negative, or rifampicin-resistant), and 3) study Ultra. Concentrated paired urine underwent Ultra. Primary analyses used a microbiological reference standard (MRS). Results: In a head-to-head comparison (n=92) of FNAB study Ultra and Xpert, Ultra had increased sensitivity [91% (95% confidence interval 79, 98) vs. 72% (57, 84); p=0.016] and decreased specificity [76% (61, 87) vs. 93% (82, 99); p=0.020], and detected patients not on treatment. HIV nor alternative reference standards affected sensitivity and specificity. In patients with both routine and study Ultras, the latter detected more cases [+20% (0, 42); p=0.034] and, further indicative of potential laboratory-based room-for-improvement (e.g., specimen processing optimisation), false-negative study Ultras were more inhibited than true-positives. Study Ultra false-positives had less mycobacterial DNA than true-positives [trace-positive proportions 59% (13/22) vs. 12% (5/51); p<0.001]. “Trace” exclusion or recategorization removed potential benefits offered over Xpert. Urine Ultra had low sensitivity [18% (7, 35)]. Conclusions: Ultra on FNABs is highly sensitive and detects more TBL than Xpert. Patients with FNAB Ultra-positive “trace” results, most of whom will be culture-negative, may require additional clinical investigation. Urine Ultra could reduce the number of patients needing invasive sampling.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document