scholarly journals Perspectives for Improved and More Accurate Classification of Thyroid Epithelial Tumors

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 3286-3294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Eszlinger ◽  
Knut Krohn ◽  
Steffen Hauptmann ◽  
Henning Dralle ◽  
Thomas J. Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Epithelial Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

Context: Histologic examination of thyroid nodules is the current standard to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid epithelial tumors and to classify histologic subtypes. This review analyzes the problems in histological differential diagnosis as well as contradictions between histology and molecular data and describes possibilities to combine histology with molecular data in an effort to more accurately classify thyroid epithelial tumors. Evidence Acquisition: Published literature, addressing the current recommendations for thyroid tumor classification, as well as literature on the application of histology and molecular studies on the etiology of thyroid tumors is analyzed. Evidence Synthesis: The current histologic criteria to classify thyroid tumors, especially follicular-patterned tumors, are hampered by considerable interobserver variability. The detection of somatic mutations via genotyping and the definition of potentially informative gene expression signatures by microarray analyses, which can distinguish cancer subtypes as well as low- and high-risk cohorts, have recently demonstrated significant diagnostic potential. Moreover, in a routine diagnostic setting, micro-RNA profiling appears most promising due to their relative stability and the high accuracy of their expression profiles. Conclusions: It is very likely that molecular definitions of thyroid tumors mentioned in the current World Health Organization classification will be further developed, leading to future progress in defining thyroid tumor types by an integrated histologic and molecular approach. These integrated classifications need to be evaluated for their specific impact on thyroid tumor diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals Progress in the Pathologic Diagnosis of Borderline Follicular Thyroid Tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Minghan Yang ◽  
Yaming Ji ◽  
Jinku Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Section ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Follicular Tumors

With the progress of science and technology as well as the development of ultrasound technology, more and more thyroid tumors have been found. Follicular tumor is one of the most common thyroid tumors, but borderline follicular tumors are relatively rare. At present, the diagnosis of borderline follicular thyroid tumor is unclear prior to surgery, and it is difficult to identify in frozen section or even conventional section. In order to effectively improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of borderline follicular thyroid tumor, this paper summarizes the new WHO (World Health Organization) classification of borderline follicular thyroid tumor along with diagnostic methods, including clinical fine needle aspiration cytology, histopathology, and molecular biology, and reviews the research progress.

A Collaborative Study to Establish the Second International Standard for Streptokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Heath ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn International Standard for Streptokinase - Streptodomase (62/7) has been used to calibrate high purity clinical batches of SK since 1965. An international collaborative study, involving six laboratories, was undertaken to replace this standard with a high purity standard for SK. Two candidate preparations (88/826 and 88/824) were compared by a clot lysis assay with the current standard (62/7). Potencies of 671 i.u. and 461 i.u. were established for preparations A (88/826) and B (88/824), respectively.Either preparation appeared suitable to serve as a standard for SK. However, each ampoule of preparation A (88/826) contains a more appropriate amount of SK activity for potency testing, and is therefore preferred. Accelerated degradation tests indicate that preparation A (88/826) is very stable.The high purity streptokinase preparation, coded 88/826, has been established by the World Health Organisation as the 2nd International Standard for Streptokinase, with an assigned potency of 700 i.u. per ampoule.

Standardization of Factor VIII – IV. Establishment of the 3rd International Standard for Factor VIII: C Concentrate

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (03) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Barrowcliffe ◽  
A D Curtis ◽  
D P Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
International Standard ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

SummaryAn international collaborative study was carried out to establish a replacement for the current (2nd) international standard for Factor VIII: C, concentrate. Twenty-six laboratories took part, of which 17 performed one-stage assays, three performed two-stage assays and six used both methods. The proposed new standard, an intermediate purity concentrate, was assayed against the current standard, against a high-purity concentrate and against an International Reference Plasma, coded 80/511, previously calibrated against fresh normal plasma.Assays of the proposed new standard against the current standard gave a mean potency of 3.89 iu/ampoule, with good agreement between laboratories and between one-stage and two- stage assays. There was also no difference between assay methods in the comparison of high-purity and intermediate purity concentrates. In the comparison of the proposed standard with the plasma reference preparation, the overall mean potency was 4.03 iu/ampoule, but there were substantial differences between laboratories, and the two-stage method gave significantly higher results than the one stage method. Of the technical variables in the one-stage method, only the activation time with one reagent appeared to have any influence on the results of this comparison of concentrate against plasma.Accelerated degradation studies showed that the proposed standard is very stable. With the agreement of the participants, the material, in ampoules coded 80/556, has been established by the World Health Organization as the 3rd International Standard for Factor VIII :C, Concentrate, with an assigned potency of 3.9 iu/ampoule.

Status and expression of thep16INK4 gene in human thyroid tumors and thyroid-tumor cell lines

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Calabr� ◽  
Maria Strazzullo ◽  
Girolama La Mantia ◽  
Monica Fedele ◽  
Christian Paulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines

scholarly journals Ptimary thyroid lymphomas and other rare thyroid tumors

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Diklic ◽  
Vladan Zivaljevic ◽  
Ivan Paunovic ◽  
Ksenija Krgovic ◽  
Rastko Zivic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Local Relapse ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Recurrent Nerve ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Recurrent Nerve Palsy

Primary thyroid lymphomas are rare. Surgery is seldom indicated. The aim of the study is to find out the main characteristics of primary thyroid lymphomas in our patients, indications for surgery and the possibility of treatment, frequency and characteristics of rare thyroid tumors. Method: retrospective study of 1044 patient operated for malignant thyroid tumor. Results: From 1995 to may 2003, we operated upon 15 patients with primary thyroid lymphomas, 2 men and 13 women mean age of 50.12 years (from 22 to 74 years), also one patient of age 69 with insular thyroid cancer. Reason for surgery was thyroid tumor in all, compressive disturbances in 9, among them 4 with asphyxia. Radical total thyroidectomy was performed in 4 (26.7%), whole in others some residual tumor tissue was could not be removed in spite of thyroidectomy in 3, hemithyroidectomy in 2, tumor debulking in 5 and only open biopsy was performed in one patient. There was no operative mortality, no postoperative hypocalcaemia and no recurrent nerve palsy. Histological type of tumor was Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 13 patients, Hodgkin disease in 2 female patients of age 22 and 24. Hashimoto thyroiditis was present in 3 patients. After surgery, 13 patients were treated with chemotherapy, one patient died one month after the operation and one patient refused chemotherapy. Follow-up data are available for 9 patients and the mean follow-up period was 20 months (1-48months). Three patients died after a month, 2 and 3 years after surgery. Six patients are without local relapse. In one patient who refused chemotherapy, a year after thyroid surgery, resection of large intestine was performed because of lymphoma of the colon. Conclusion: Malignant thyroid lymphomas are rare. They present with rapidly growing thyroid tumor, compression and asphyxia. Surgery is only temporarily effective and it is necessary to start with chemo-radiotherapy as soon as possible. Rare forms of thyroid cancer have to be histological recognized in order to choose the best way of treatment.

scholarly journals The Expression of miR-155-5p and Local Matrix Gla Protein in Meningiomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Simona Roxana Gheorghe ◽  
Cătălin Marian ◽  
Ligia Gabriela Tătăranu ◽  
Anica Dricu ◽  
Cees Vermeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Matrix Gla Protein ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ectopic Calcification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Meningiomas are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in three grades, based on morphological features. Independent of this grading, the presence of calcification in meningiomas influences their growth rate. The messenger RNA of matrix Gla protein (MGP), an extra-hepatic protein with different conformations involved in the homeostasis of ectopic calcification has been found in meningiomas and was shown to be regulated in breast cancer by miR-155-5p, a specific micro RNA. Therefore, we investigated the expression of miR-155-5p and its relationship with local MGP conformations in different grade meningiomas. According to the WHO classification, our 41 samples of meningiomas were stratified in groups WHO I and WHO II. Using real time polymerase chain reaction, we observed a higher miR-155-5p expression in group WHO I versus group WHO II [with a fold change (FC) of 3.83, p=0.027)]. Moreover, the expression of miR-155-5p was higher in calcified tumors compared to non-calcified tumors in all samples (FC=3.01, p=0.047) and in group WHO I (FC=3.65, p=0.048). Utilizing immunohistochemistry, we determined the concurrent presence of all MGP conformations in calcified meningiomas. This study was the first to establish higher miR-155-5p expression in grade WHO I and calcified meningiomas, which could improve molecular classification and targeted therapy and also the presence of all MGP conformations in calcified meningiomas, confirming the existence of an anti-calcification mechanism in meningiomas..

scholarly journals Frequency of various types of neoplasia in a group of acromegalic patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
Fernanda Bolfi ◽  
Helio Amante Miot ◽  
Mariangela Resende ◽  
Glaucia M. S. F. Mazeto ◽  
Fernando Gomes Romeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Thyroid Tumors

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of colon cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism, thyroid tumor, and skin cancer in all acromegalic patients in follow-up at the Clinics Hospital - Botucatu Medical School, from 2005 to 2011. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: These patients were evaluated retrospectively for colon cancer, primary hyperparathyroidism, dermatological, and thyroid tumors. RESULTS: Of 29 patients included at the beginning of the study, two were excluded. Among 19 patients submitted to colonoscopy, one presented colon adenocarcinoma (5%). Thyroid nodules were present in 63% of patients, and papilliferous carcinoma was confirmed in two patients (7,7%). Four patients were confirmed as having primary hyperparathyroidism (15%). The most common dermatologic lesions were thickened skin (100%), acrochordons (64%), epidermal cysts (50%), and pseudo-acanthosis nigricans (50%). Only one patient presented basal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Although a small number of acromegalic patients was studied, our findings confirm the high frequency of thyroid neoplasias and primary hyperparathyroidism in this group of patients.

Expression profiles of micro RNA in proliferating and differentiating 32D murine myeloid cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Shi ◽  
Marco Prisco ◽  
George Calin ◽  
Chang-gong Liu ◽  
Giuseppe Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Micro Rna

scholarly journals Identifying Groundwater Fluoride Source in a Weathered Basement Aquifer in Central Malawi: Human Health and Policy Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 5006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. Addison ◽  
Michael O. Rivett ◽  
Peaches Phiri ◽  
Prince Mleta ◽  
Emma Mblame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Lithological Composition ◽  
Augen Gneiss

Consumption of groundwater containing fluoride exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) 1.5 mg/L standard leaves people vulnerable to fluorosis: a vulnerability not well characterised in Malawi. To evaluate geogenic fluoride source and concentration, groundwater fluoride and geology was documented in central Malawi where groundwater supplies are mainly sourced from the weathered basement aquifer. Lithological composition was shown as the main control on fluoride occurrence. Augen gneiss of granitic composition posed the greatest geological fluoride risk. The weathered basement aquifer profile was the main factor controlling fluoride distributions. These results and fluoride-lithology statistical analysis allowed the development of a graded map of geological fluoride risk. A direct link to human health risk (dental fluorosis) from geological fluoride was quantified to support science-led policy change for fluoride in rural drinking water in Malawi. Hazard quotient (HQ) values were calculated and assigned to specific water points, depending on user age group; in this case, 74% of children under six were shown to be vulnerable to dental fluorosis. Results are contrary to current standard for fluoride in Malawi groundwater of 6 mg/L, highlighting the need for policy change. Detailed policy recommendations are presented based on the results of this study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document