scholarly journals Lexical Borrowing in Print Media: Bilingualism in English Newspapers of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-603
Author(s):  
Malik Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Nawaz ◽  
Shehla Jabeen ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad

English has been considered as one of the most useful spoken language and is referred as Lingua Franca all around the globe. English is the major source for communicating all over the world. In different cultures mostly people speak their native language but use English as an alternate. This paper explains the lexical borrowing that means the explanation about some words from Urdu that has turned out to be part of the English language in newspapers of Pakistan. In this regard, the most circulated and popular English Newspapers of Pakistan, The Nation and The News were selected to analyze the words from Urdu being normally used in the English language. One year period from 1st January to 31st December 2019 has been selected for this research. The researchers draw from the categories of hard and soft news, formed by Tuchman in 1973, in the selected newspapers. The basic theme of this study is that finding the Urdu words that have become part of English language in Pakistani circumstances. This is a study of Urdu borrow words that got their way in English in daily communication and  concludes that there are a variety of Urdu terms that have been used in the English language for communication in English newspapers of Pakistan.

Author(s):  
A. Naresh Kumar ◽  
Dr. C. Deepa

English is respectfully addressed as the Global Language. It is also the Link Language of the world. It is even the Richest Language among all world languages. But, it is just 1500 years old. In spite of its late coming, it has spread to every nook and corner. English is not a native language of India. Even then, it is one of the Official Languages of the country. The British had the honour of bringing their Language. In 1830’s English had been declared as the Medium of Instruction in all the Centres of Learning within the country. With the establishment of Universities in 1857, English had gained its national importance and popularity. The journey of English had been like a cake walk. The age of English is almost the age of Islam. Both had their splendid origin in the later part of the 6th Century. One has conquered the world and the other has carved a golden niche in the hearts of Millions and Millions The English Missionaries started to arrive in India in 1810s. They planted the seeds of English on the soil of India. It was Lord Macaulay who transformed English into a Language of India. He made English compulsory in Schools and Universities. The impact was so powerful that almost all the Colleges and Universities had switched over to English Medium. And to-day, its impact has mesmerized the Language into the heart and soul of most of the Official Correspondence in the Country. Its influence is so magnetic in India that it has become the official Language of States like Meghalaya and Nagaland and so on. Every language has its own pride of place. All languages are to be loved and respected. It is because language is the basis to strengthen the fraternal ties. This is why Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had rightly said, `If you want to pen a lynic, do it in Urdu, If you want to deliver a speech, do it in Tamil, If you want to draft a love-letter, do it in Telugu, If two of you want to converse, do it in Kannada, If you want to conquer the world, do it with English,’ And therefore, every language has its own beauty and importance. Let us love all Languages. Let us learn as many Languages as possible. Let us get together by our Languages. Let all Languages be bridges of connectivity and not walls of separation. More so, it is with English. Let us learn more English and more of English. English is the link language of the world. It is a bridge that connects Countries and Continents. English has so many beauties of its own. They all have transformed it into the Global Language. Its vocabulary is rich. Its grammar is simple. It style is superb. It fits into any language. It wins respect to the Speaker. It gets him popularity. It is the window on the world. Its doors are always kept open. It is secular in spirit. It doesn’t segregate but only unites. It is not like a closed parachute. It is like an open umbrella. Standard books in all subjects are mainly in English. Every country has its own language. But with the native language, no country can establish friendly ties with other countries. This is one reason why the Heads of Nations depend on the Translators. And most of this Official Transaction is carried through English. But exceptions are there like China or Japan. And therefore, Governments of even small islands have switched over to English. This helps them to strengthen their links with advanced countries like America, England, Australia and New Zealand. But, in spite of its popularity, English is not the largest spoken language in the world. It is the Third widely spoken language. Even then, it has its supremacy over all other languages. This supremacy has made English the Global Language. Many of the Indian Languages are older than English. But, they have not crossed the frontiers of their own States. It is because we are not so patriotic as far as our Languages are concerned. We love the Country. We love our State. We love all People. We love our Language. But, we don’t try to make it more popular. But the British are a different set. Otherwise, Shakespeare would not have become the World’s most celebrated Writer. The natives of England conquered several other countries. They named them as Common Wealth Countries. They made English the like language of these countries. This was how English had become a language of the world. In course of time, it had attained the status of a Global Language. And as the Global Language, its role is amazing. It is dominating in all important segments like Science, Technology, Medicine, Politics, Humanities, Music and so on. English has paved way for the coming up of Global Markets. And thus, it has increased the wealth of the Nations. Negotiations for establishment of peace across the Globe are transacted chiefly in English. And thus, English promotes peace and non-violence, all over the world. It is the Medium of all Higher Studies. It is enriching the world with students and scholars of exceptional merit. They all work for human progress and human advancement in all major spheres that are essential for life. English widens one’s knowledge by exposing him to the realms of more learning to gain more knowledge. Even an LKG student gets thrilled with his First Rhyme in English. So are his parents and teachers. Most of the Nobel Laureates deliver their Nobel Lecture only in English. Only then, the world comes to know of their amazing Inventions or Discoveries. And thus, the role of English as Global Language is like a multipetalled sunflower.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Samar Alharbi

English language considers a global language spoken by a majority of people around the world. It is a language used mainly for communication, trades and study purposes. This widespread of English language being wildly spoken lead to different varieties of English as a lingua franca (ELF) means that non native speakers of English still be able to communicate with each other. Using ELF as a legitimate variety of English in language classrooms is questioned by some researchers. This paper will provide an overview of the concept of ELF. It will also present implications and limitations of using ELF in Saudi English as foreign language classrooms.


Paideusis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Peter Kovacs

Since the end of World War II, English has become the virtual lingua franca of the planet. However, this development carries significant ethical and educational questions: What are the consequences of the worldwide dominance of the English language? How has it affected and how will it affect the fortunes of other languages? What can and should we as educators to do to minimize or eliminate the harmful effects on some of the endangered languages of the world? This paper will invite educators into a philosophical discussion of the ethical complexities of teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language.


RELC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seran Dogancay-Aktuna ◽  
Joel Hardman

Despite the proliferation of publications on teaching English as an international language (EIL) or a Lingua Franca (ELF), the diffusion of these concepts into the world of English Language Teaching has been slow and incomplete. There is some wariness among educators about the teaching of ELF and EIL, with no consensus regarding appropriate pedagogy. In this article we look at some of the research on the integration of global Englishes into English language classrooms and discuss issues concerning a model of language to guide pedagogy when there are multiple Englishes. We maintain that it is by relying on theoretical understandings of concepts underlying the development and use of global Englishes and basing pedagogical decisions on contextual needs, rather than on prescriptions for practice, that teachers can make realistic decisions about integrating Englishes into their own classroom pedagogy. We refer to a model of teaching English that is based on a vision of situated teacher praxis and show how one component of this model, meta-culture, can be used to teach language-culture connection in the era of global Englishes.


Author(s):  
Eda Başak Hancı-Azizoglu

The majority of scientific research in the world is published in English. The chapter expands the discussion on English as a lingua franca a step further to initiate a discussion on English as a scientific lingua franca. English as a scientific lingua franca poses a significant challenge for the non-Anglo-Saxon scholars by disregarding their data sets and research unless the research is written in academic English with culturally determined rhetorical conventions. This chapter investigates why different cultures have tendencies to write in culturally affected writing styles and forms. Toward that end, the chapter shows how the failure to give proper attention to other rhetorical styles results in losing crucial intellectual information from the non-Anglo-Saxon scholars. With this in mind, the chapter offers short-term solutions for academicians to join in the scientific world despite possible language barriers.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
John Paull

The New Age philosopher, Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925), was the most prolific and arguably the most influential philosopher of his era. He assembled a substantial library, of approximately 9,000 items, which has been preserved intact since his death. Most of Rudolf Steiner’s books are in German, his native language however there are books in other languages, including English, French, Italian, Swedish, Sanskrit and Latin. His library hosts more books in English than in any other foreign language. Steiner esteemed English as “a universal world language”. The present paper identifies 327 books in English in Rudolf Steiner’s personal library. Fifty percent of the English-language books identified are categorized as Theosophy (n=164). Rudolf Steiner was the General Secretary of the German branch of the Theosophy Society from 1902, and he hived off his own Anthroposophy Society in 1912. The present study reveals that Steiner maintained his interest in theosophy throughout his life as he stayed up to date with the proliferating portfolio of Theosophy publications. The publication dates of Steiner’s Theosophy collection range from 1877 to 1923. The leading exponents of Theosophy in his day are well represented in Steiner’s collection, including Annie Besant (n=61), Charles Lead beater (n=13), William Westcott (n=13) and Helena Blavatsky (n=10). Of the other 50% of the Anglo-books identified, 20% are in the category of Religion (n=67), 10% are Social Science (n=33), 6% are Philosophy (n=21), 4% are Science (n=13), and 3% each are Anthroposophy (n=11), History (n=9) and Arts (n=9). The publication dates of Steiner’s Anglo-books span the period 1659 to 1925. This demonstrates that Steiner was acquiring Anglo-books right to the end of his life. Steiner’s library throws light on the development of the thoughts of this remarkable individual and the present paper reveals Steiner’s engagement throughout his life with the world of Anglo-publishing and thought.


2021 ◽  
pp. 331-348
Author(s):  
SREERAAG G

English is generally termed as the global language for communication. Though Chinese is mostly spoken language in the world, the presence of English in almost all nations bring its importance for writing a research paper. Leigh McDowell and Cassi L Liardet (2019), mentions the importance of English among multilinguistic research scholars across the world.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Andi Kaharuddin

This paper discusses two things i.e. the power of English as the most dominant language in the world and the concepts of using English and using the power of English. English today emerges as a power which can’t be defeated by any languages in the world. The domination of English is obviously seen from its status as: the most rapidly growing language, the most widely spoken language, the most popular content language on the internet, the most preferred language for the scientific communities, the number-one language for business, and the most preferred Language for publishing. Knowing this, learners of English should be proud since they evidently learn something extraordinary. The pride should be reflected in two things i.e. learning English earnestly to achieve benefits of having English skills and turning the achivement of benefits to providing benefits for the communities. However, the reality shows that many learners simply learn English to achieve benefits, for example, to get a job or to win a scholarship abroad. Meanwhile, few learners are aware of using English to bring benefits. As the learners learn English and finally achieve a benefit. This is called Using English. Yet, they learn English and achieve a benefit, and could bring benefits to the communities. This is called Using the Power of English. To use the power of English, we should have and integrate English skills, knowledge, experiences, education, as well as professionalism. Therefore, the orientation of learning English should not just end immediately after Using English, but it should continue to Using the power of the English. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ersilia Incelli

This contribution aims to present an overview of future predictions about the evolution and status of the English language, in particular as a global lingua franca. The paper considers recent events such as Brexit and the emergence of new economic powers, and the fact that other widely spoken languages could compete with the hegemonic longevity of English as a lingua franca. Although English will certainly remain globally dominant for a large part of the 21st century, new geopolitical landscapes may influence the role of English both in Europe and in the world. This overview is not exhaustive in reporting all the variables in the debate, but it wishes to examine the main issues of concern in the future standing of English. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Cansu Orsel ◽  
Fatih Yavuz

Usage of the English language as Lingua Franca has caused an increasing demand on the English Language Teaching (ELT) in early childhood and according to Braj Kachru’s Three Circles Model of World Englishes as the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle the approaches to the Young Learners dramatically differs. Besides the features of English as a global language and the nature of early language learning, this paper also focuses on the comparison of the three different examples from the Three Circles Model of World Englishes. They are compared in terms of techniques that are used and the approaches to the Young Learners. The examples taken are from the official websites of the three countries from the Inner Circle, Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle; respectively, New Zealand’s Ministry of Education, Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development, and the Turkish Board of Education and Instruction. Keywords: Young Learners, The World Englishes, Lingua Franca, Braj Kachru, English Language Teaching (ELT).


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