Psychosocial Health of Adolescent living in Urban Slum Nigeria

The paper examines association of neighborhood characteristics with psychosocial statues of adolescent living in urban slums. Data for the study were obtained from a cross sectional survey among adolescent age 15-19, living in urban slums in Lagos State. Adopted a measuring scale for adverse environment and psychosocial attributes, data were analyzed using univariate and binary logistic regression analysis. Results revealed that neighborhood characteristics were associated with low self-academic performance rating. Both parental process and neighborhood factors such social disorganization was able to predict psychosocial wellbeing such subjective academic performance rating. The findings revealed among others that adverse neighborhood characteristics in urban slum were associated with unhealthy subjective wellbeing which reflects wide personal and social contexts and have implications for public health and social wellbeing. This paper calls for programmes that are tailor to addressing rapidly developing slum settlements in low income area, to secure the future generation.

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A mediation analysis of spirituality, wellbeing, and academic performance in first-generation and low-income college students

10.32469/10355/78150 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Christopher Beggs

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Low Income ◽

Kansas City ◽

First Generation ◽

Psychological Wellbeing ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Low Income Students ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Mental health and attainment gaps comprise dual crises on today's college and university campuses, especially for first-generation and low-income students. Despite the common history and heritage of spirituality and religious foundations of America's colleges and universities, current norms and preferences have rendered candid discussions of spirituality to be, at best, passe, and, at worst, regressive. Despite extensive literature linking spirituality with psychological wellbeing, little is known as to what relationship, if any, spirituality has with psychological wellbeing and academic performance, particularly among first-generation and low-income students. This study uses a cross-sectional survey design. This study was conducted at a public, regional, Midwestern institution within an hour's driving radius of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Data were collected through a survey, rendering 135 participants. Quantitative analysis found that there was no statistical difference between first-generation or low-income students and their peers in spirituality or wellbeing, that spirituality that is or once was salient to the student was correlated with and predicts psychological wellbeing, that there was a relationship between psychological wellbeing and academic performance in specific circumstances, and that there was an indirect effect between spirituality and academic performance in the presence of psychological wellbeing. These data provide insight into the nature of the relationship between spirituality, wellbeing, and academic performance among college students and present implications for practitioners and researchers alike. [NEEDS DIACRITICS]

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Smokeless tobacco and its dependence among the urban-slum population of Jodhpur city

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1186

Author(s):

Vibha Joshi ◽

Sourabh Chakraborty ◽

Nitin Kumar Joshi ◽

Komal Bajaj ◽

Bhawana Sati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Slum Population

Background: Socio-economic status can be an important determinant for patterns of tobacco consumption and its related health risks. Easy availability and affordable price may lead to the indulgence of smokeless tobacco; this deprived the section of society towards addiction of smokeless tobacco. Therefore, this study was conducted to ascertain smokeless tobacco use and its dependence in urban slum population of Jodhpur city.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the urban-slum population of Jodhpur in 2019. A cluster sampling strategy was used to collect data from 1200 participants in different slums of Jodhpur city. The semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on tobacco usage and willingness to quit.Results: Out of surveyed 1200 participants, 48.5% were males and 51.4% were females. 65.7% of the tobacco users reported in study population. Among tobacco user’s majority were using smokeless tobacco (75.4%), followed by 14.8% dual tobacco users and 9.8% were smoking tobacco. Out of female and male tobacco users, 95% females and 86.3% males were using smokeless forms of tobacco respectively. The frequency of daily tobacco use, time of tobacco chewing, duration of tobacco use was significantly associated with gender. No significant association was found between willingness to quit and gender.Conclusions: Smokeless tobacco was prevalent as compared to smoking form in urban-slums of Jodhpur city. Younger population and women were more attracted towards smokeless tobacco and willingness to quit tobacco was equally prevalent among males and females. An effective health education strategy for tobacco cessation should be designed according to age and gender of urban-slums.

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Depression by Association? Mental Well-Being of Women in Urban Slums of Pakistan

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v13n5p24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Taha Ahmed Ehsan ◽

Fatima Jehangir ◽

Rabia Najmi

Keyword(s):

Maternal Depression ◽

Low Income ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Contexts ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Multiparous Women ◽

Primary Health Care Centers

BACKGROUND: The association of mental health with parenthood is complex and varies across many social contexts. Previous studies place mothers with young children at a high-risk for depression. Therefore, the study aimed to understand the association of parity as a risk factor for maternal depression in a cross-sectional survey. METHOD: A total of 255 women were surveyed at two primary health care centers in Karachi, a Metropolitan city of Pakistan between May 2019 and July 2019 with an anonymously answered Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ) 9. The demographic characteristics and related variables were determined as potential correlates of vulnerability to maternal depression. Significant predictive factors associated with risk factors were analyzed by means of linear correlation and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The PHQ 9 score noted an 89.2% prevalence of depression in the study sample. Of those, 72.6% (0.001 p-value) were multiparous women (3-5 children). When analyzed within each individual parity category, grand-multiparous women (6 or more children) had the highest percentage of depression at 92.6% followed by multiparous women (2-5 children) at 90.6%. CONCLUSION: The result showed the greatest frequency of depression among multiparous women. However, grand multiparous unemployed women were at the highest risk of depression among low-income urban populations.

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A Mediation Analysis of Spirituality: Wellbeing and Academic Performance in first-Generation and Low-income College Students

Higher Education Studies ◽

10.5539/hes.v12n1p46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Chris Beggs ◽

Barbara N. Martin

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Low Income ◽

First Generation ◽

Survey Design ◽

Psychological Wellbeing ◽

Low Income Students ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

University Campuses ◽

Low Income College Students

Mental health and attainment gaps comprise crises on university campuses, especially for first-generation and low-income students. Despite the heritage of spirituality and religious foundations of America’s colleges, current norms have rendered candid discussions of spirituality to be mostly nonexistent. Despite literature linking spirituality with psychological wellbeing, known is little as to what relationship spirituality has with psychological wellbeing and academic performance, particularly among first-generation and low-income students. This study uses a cross-sectional survey design and occurred a public, regional, Midwestern institution. Quantitative analysis found a relationship between psychological wellbeing and academic performance in specific circumstances, and an indirect effect between spirituality and academic performance in the presence of psychological wellbeing. These data presents implications for practitioners.

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Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water from Households of Sarvodaya Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Asian Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.47009/ajmr.2020.9.4.mb2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

Shilpi Srivastava ◽

Saurabh Kashyap ◽

Ashish Rawat

Keyword(s):

Potable Water ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Water Sources ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Slum Area ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regular Treatment

Background: In the current scenario, the urbanization is happening at a faster pace and the economy is not able to match at par with urbanization, this In turn is causing problems of unavailability of safe and potable water along with proper sewage system, despecially in urban slums. As a result of the scenario many urban slums are still using poor quality pit latrines and even drawing water from nearby wells, water taps which are not complying with government norms. Space is also a big problem which is being faced by these slums, due to which there is a lack of enough spaces in the houses and nearby areas, therby causing overcrowding. Due to overcrowding, the space between houses, pit latrines, wells, taps and water bodies has decreased and thus the potential of contamination of water bodies by fecal microorganisms has increased drastically. Given the above knowledge, a study is much needed to estimate the presumptive and differential coliform count of water samples from the urban slum area in Lucknow. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of January to June 2019. Samples were collected from all the taps, hand pumps that were currently in use, along with potable water stored in households of Sarvodaya Nagar (an urban slum area), Lucknow and were processed in the Microbiology department of IIMS&R, Lucknow. Results: A total of 53(63%) samples were taken from Public supply, out of which 36(67. 9%) were found unsatisfactory and 17(32.0%) were intermediate, were found to be contaminated with Pseudomonas sp., E.coli, Thermotolerent E.coli, Klebsiella Spp. Citrobacter, Enterococcus and Pseudornonas Spp., E.coli, Thermotolerent E.coli, Klebsiella respectively. In the study more than half of the samples were taken from the Public water supply. Out of these about seventy percent were unsatisfactory and were found to be contaminated with Pseudomonas. Conclusion: The proper sanitation, regular treatment, supervision of water sources, arid regular bacteriological assessment of all water sources for drinking should be planned and conducted.

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COPD awareness in the urban slums and rural areas around Pune city in India

npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1038/s41533-021-00220-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Deesha Deepak Ghorpade ◽

Anchala Raghupathy ◽

Jyoti Deepak Londhe ◽

Sapna Jitendra Madas ◽

Nisha Vijay Kale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Total Population ◽

Health Workers ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years

AbstractCOPD is the second leading cause of death and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in India, yet, it remains poorly recognized. We aimed to study the level of awareness of COPD in urban slums of Pune city in India and its neighboring rural areas. All male and female subjects above the age of 30 years residing in 13 randomly selected slums of Pune city (total population of 3000) and 7 randomly selected neighboring rural villages (total population of 3000) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional community survey. After obtaining written informed consent, 13 trained community health workers (CHWs) administered a questionnaire that captured their level of awareness of COPD. Of the 6000 subjects approached, 5420 residents (mean age ± SD = 48.0 ± 13.5 years; 38% males) consented and answered all questions. The number of people who had ever heard the word COPD was 49/5420 [0.9% (0.6–1.1%); 0.7% (0.5–1.3%) of the urban slum dwellers and 1.15% (0.5–1.3%) of rural residents]. Among those who had never heard the word COPD (n = 5371), when asked what was the name of the disease caused by long-term tobacco smoking, 38% said cancer, 16.7% said asthma, and 4.4% said TB. Among those who had heard the word COPD (n = 49), 6.1% said it was a disease of the heart, and 61% attributed COPD to smoke and dust pollution and 20% to tobacco smoking. The level of awareness of COPD in the Indian community is extremely low, highlighting the need to have nationwide mass awareness programs in India.

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Household willingness to adopt a single-stage solar-supported hyper-thermophilic anaerobic biogas digester in Ghana

Energy Sustainability and Society ◽

10.1186/s13705-021-00293-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Isaac Mbir Bryant ◽

Abdul-Rahaman Afitiri

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

High Income ◽

Single Stage ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quality Life ◽

Willingness To Adopt

Abstract Background Sustainability of energy is key for quality life; thus, the use of clean energy at the household level warrants moving from fossil-based energy to modern forms like biogas. However, the joint interactive effect of household income, biogas usage and willingness to adopt a single-stage solar-supported hyper-thermophilic anaerobic biogas digester (SSHTABD) is not known. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the willingness of residents of Elmina to adopt the SSHTABD. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 219 respondents fitted into a complementary log–log regression model. Results Household willingness to adopt the SSHTABD was 86%. Among them are households not willing to use biogas but have high income and households willing to use biogas but have either low or high income are more likely to adopt the technology compared to households not willing to use biogas and have low income. Households not willing to use biogas, but have high income (OR = 1.725, confidence interval [CI] 0.803–3.706) and households willing to use biogas, but have low income (OR = 1.877, CI 1.103–3.188) compared to households willing to use biogas and have high income (OR = 1.725, CI 1.080–3.451) are more likely to adopt the technology as households not willing to use biogas and have low income. Additionally, households employed under the formal government sector, formal and informal private sectors are 40%, 136% and 103%, respectively, more likely to adopt the technology than those unemployed. Conclusion The high willingness of households to adopt the technology calls for government to support households to own biogas digesters thus requires policy interventions and interdisciplinary research.

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Determinants of housing demand in the Erzurum province, Turkey

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis ◽

10.1108/ijhma-11-2013-0056 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 586-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Erkan Oktay ◽

Abdulkerim Karaaslan ◽

Ömer Alkan ◽

Ali Kemal Çelik

Keyword(s):

Housing Prices ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Housing Demand ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Income Expectations

Purpose – The main aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence the housing demand of households in Erzurum, northeastern Turkey. Housing demand is generally affected by several factors including housing prices, individuals’ income, expectations and choices and so on, as a means of its demographic and socio-psychological contexts. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was carried out, in which the outcome variable had binary responses such as whether to invest in housing or not. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the underlying data. Findings – The questionnaire was conducted in 2,927 households living in Erzurum city center, and 47 per cent of the respondents claimed that they would consider investing in housing in the future. The estimation results reveal that demographic or socio-economic factors that may possibly influence housing demand of the respondents are as follows: household head’s and spouse’s occupation, monthly income, the number of individuals in the family and car ownership. Originality/value – This paper involves the most comprehensive survey addressing the housing demand in the East Anatolian Region, Turkey. Additionally, this paper aims to contribute to the existing housing literature through establishing the statistical analysis of housing demand in an unstudied territory of the world.

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Teacher Qualifications and Academic Performance of Pupils in Public Primary Schools in Hargeisa District

10.31219/osf.io/bcjum ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gulled M. Yasin

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Formal Education ◽

Teaching Experience ◽

Teacher Qualifications ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Average Value ◽

Teacher Qualification

This study investigated effect of teacher qualifications on the academic performance of pupils in primary schools in Hargeisa districts. Teacher qualifications were operationalized as Formal education, certification and teaching experience. The study emerged from the deteriorating academic achievement of pupils in Somaliland National Primary Examinations. The deteriorating academic performance was well demonstrated from increase number of failures in Somaliland National Exams. The study employed cross sectional survey research design, on a sample of 160 teachers, the study found out that, Fo = 15.838 > F (2,157) = 3.06; p = .000. The eta-square returned an average value of η 2 = 16.8%. Therefore, teacher qualification accounts for 16.8% of the variance in academic performance of pupils in pubic primary schools in Hargeisa. The rest 83.2% are due to factors not investigated here, and errors in measurements. The study findings indicate that teacher qualifications affect to the academic performance of pupils in public primary schools in Hargeisa District.

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Knowledge, attitudes and potential response to menu labelling in an urban public health clinic population

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009991303 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 550-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jennifer Piron ◽

Lisa V Smith ◽

Paul Simon ◽

Patricia L Cummings ◽

Tony Kuo

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Low Income ◽

Fast Food ◽

Health Clinic ◽

Potential Response ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinic Population ◽

Public Health Clinic

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines the receptivity to and potential effects of menu labelling on food choices of low-income and minority individuals – a group often at disproportionate risk for preventable, lifestyle-related health conditions (e.g. obesity, diabetes and CVD).DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to examine the knowledge, attitudes and potential response to menu labelling in an urban public health clinic population.SettingUnited States.SubjectsA total of 639 clinic patients were recruited in the waiting rooms of six, large public health centres in Los Angeles County (2007–2008). These centres provide services to a largely uninsured or under-insured, low-income, Latino and African-American population.ResultsAmong those approached and who met eligibility criteria, 88 % completed the survey. Of the 639 respondents, 55 % were overweight or obese based on self-reported heights and weights; 74 % reported visiting a fast food restaurant at least once in the past year, including 22 % at least once a week; 93 % thought that calorie information was ‘important’; and 86 % thought that restaurants should be required to post calorie information on their menu boards. In multivariate analyses, respondents who were obese, female, Latino and supportive of calorie postings were more likely than others to report that they would choose food and beverages with lower calories as a result of menu labelling.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that clinic patients are receptive to this population-based strategy and that they would be inclined to change their food selections in response to menu labelling.

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