scholarly journals Impact of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Affecting Child Health in Selected South Asian Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Sofia Anwar ◽  
Maria Khushbakhet ◽  
Aisha Asif ◽  
Zahira Batool
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Healthy Child ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Development of any nation is estimated through child health condition. In particular, the fourth millennium development goal out of eight is to reduce the mortality rate. The target set under this goal was to reduce by two-third, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of child mortality. Maternal BMI is closely associated with child nutritional status. Weak mother having low BMI has low nutrition status which effect child weight. Healthy and balance food of mothers have positive effect on their child. Underweight mother can have impaired and poor growing kids. This study presents impact of some socio-economic demographic and maternal health related factors on health status of children in selected South Asian countries i.e. Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The study used micro data from demographic and health survey (DHS) of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Multinomial logistic regression results revealed that mother education, mother working status, mother health, availability of safe drinking water, family size and vaccination have significant effect on child health. Mother's education is positively associated with healthy child. Working mothers are more likely to have healthy child. Weak and obese children are positively associated with malnourished and overweight mothers respectively. Small family size has positive impact on weak child health. Vaccination and availability of improved and safe water are positively associated with child health.  

scholarly journals Causal nexus between fiscal deficit and economic growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ravinthirakumaran Navaratnam ◽  
Kasavarajah Mayandy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth is one of the most widely debated issues among economists and policy makers in both developed and developing countries in the recent period. This paper seeks to examine the impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth in selected South Asian countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka using time series annual data over the period 1980 to 2014. The paper uses cointegration analysis, error correction modelling and Granger causality test under a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework. The results from this study confirmed that the fiscal deficit has a negative impact on economic growth in the South Asian countries considered in this study except Nepal, which confirmed the positive impact. The results also highlighted that the direction of causality for the SAARC countries is mixed where fiscal deficit causes economic growth for Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan, but the reverse is true for India and Sri Lanka.  

scholarly journals A Panel Analysis of Trade Gravity between Pakistan and South Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Waheed Ullah Jan ◽  
Mahmood Shah
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Trade Relations

This paper attempts to examine Pakistan’s trade patterns with South Asian countries by using a gravity model of trade. The main objective of the study is to quantify the long‑run impacts of gravity variables. To achieve this objective, a panel data set for the period 2003 to 2017 has been used. Based on the mixed evidence of the results of panel unit root tests, Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) techniques are applied. The outcome of the PMG and Panel DOLS models justifies the theoretical background of the gravity model and suggests that all the basic gravity variables haveusual signs. The RGDPs and population of both Pakistan and the partner country have a positive impact on their bilateral trade. On the other hand, the distance between the two trading countries and the exchange rate have a negative impact on bilateral trade.The uniqueness of this study is that it measures the impacts of qualitative variables along with basic gravity variables. Language similarities and common borders have a positive impact on bilateral trade. Pakistan has borders with India and Afghanistan, but their trade relations are not worth mentioning. The military conflicts between Pakistan and India, and the political suspicions between Pakistan and Afghanistan hinder their trade relations.

Trend and Impact of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth in South Asia

2018 ◽  
pp. 253-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of the chapter is to analyze trend, pattern, and impact of military expenditure in South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The study is based on secondary data from World Bank database, South Asian report, and RBI macroeconomic indicators. The trend of military expenditure has been analyzed using line graphs for all five South Asian countries. Military spending is higher as percentage of GDP in Pakistan among all South Asian countries. Military expenditure has positive impact on economic growth in South Asian countries. The study suggested effective military expenditure strategies and expenditure which is important for improving economic productivity and growth of countries. There is positive correlation between total military personnel and per capita GDP in all South Asian countries except Pakistan.

Trend and Impact of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth in South Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 793-809
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of the chapter is to analyze trend, pattern, and impact of military expenditure in South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The study is based on secondary data from World Bank database, South Asian report, and RBI macroeconomic indicators. The trend of military expenditure has been analyzed using line graphs for all five South Asian countries. Military spending is higher as percentage of GDP in Pakistan among all South Asian countries. Military expenditure has positive impact on economic growth in South Asian countries. The study suggested effective military expenditure strategies and expenditure which is important for improving economic productivity and growth of countries. There is positive correlation between total military personnel and per capita GDP in all South Asian countries except Pakistan.

scholarly journals Effects of Foreign Aid and Remittances Flows on Saving and Investment in Developing South Asia: Panel Data Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Md. Ahasan Ul Haque ◽  
Md. Golam Kibria ◽  
Md. Muhaiminul Islam Selim
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we investigate the impact of remittances and foreign aid (official foreign assistance) on investment and saving in South Asian countries. We also analyze the comparative influence of remittances and foreign aid in stimulating saving and investment. We use a sample of five South Asian countries over the period 1985-2018 and employ OLS and 2SLS methods to estimate the effect of remittance and foreign aid on saving and investment. The result reveals that remittance has a positive impact on saving but has no significant effect on investment and shows that foreign aid has no significant impact on saving but negatively influences investment. In line with our results, a rise in 10 percent of remittances in South Asia raises savings by 1.6 percent in the OLS estimates and by 1.7 percent when we use 2SLS. At the same time for a 10% increase in foreign aid decreases saving by 4.3% and 3.3%, respectively, in two methods. For the second regression, an increase in 10% remittances hamper investment by 1.3% and 1% for OLS and 2SLS, respectively. And for the analogous 10% increase in foreign aid decrease investment by 5.4% and 5.2%, respectively. However, if foreign aid is efficiently used, it can be an important complement to remittances by permitting households to overcome the minimum threshold level and they can use a bigger portion of their remittances for savings and investment motive.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Tourism and Governance on CO2 Emissions in Selected South Asian Countries.

ETIKONOMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-396
Author(s):  
Zubaria Andlib ◽  
Julio Salcedo-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tourism Governance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Due to the increase in international connectivity and technological advancement, tourism has gained immense momentum in the recent past. Despite its favorable impacts, tourism has proved to be one of the significant contributors to increasing CO2 emissions.  This study attempts to understand better the relationship between tourism, governance, and the CO2 emissions nexus in selected South Asian countries. The study obtained data from WDI and applied FMOLS, DOLS, and FEOLS methods from 1995-2019. It is observed that tourism has a significant and positive impact on CO2 emissions in the case of selected South Asian countries. Concerning the impact of governance on CO2 emissions, it is observed that governance effectiveness is negatively associated with CO2 emissions. It is evident from the empirical analysis that CO2 emissions can be mitigated with effective government policies. Furthermore, it is also suggested that the government aim at effective environmental policies, and attention should be given to sustainable tourism in the case of South Asian economies.JEL Classification: Q50, Q56, Q58How to Cite:Andlib, Z., & Salcedo-Castro, J. (2021). The Impacts of Tourism and Governance on CO2 Emissions in Selected South Asian Countries. Etikonomi, 20(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i2.17499.

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion and Determinants in South Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
Robina Badar ◽  
Sofia Anwar ◽  
Syed Asif Ali Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Gender Education

Financial inclusion is considered an essential mediator to achieve economic growth in recent years. The main focus of this study is to construct the financial inclusion index and to explore the determinants of financial inclusion in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. Data is collected from InterMedia's financial inclusion insights datasets 2016 that are collected through random sampling. The financial inclusion index is used as a dependent variable that is calculated using levels of access and usage of financial services. Age, gender, education, financial situation, working type and use of mobile phones are used as independent variables. Results of multinomial logistic regression reveals that in South Asian countries educated, male, relatively older, rich and regular employees have a better chance to be financially included. Mobile phone users also prefer high financial inclusion. Developing countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India can attain inclusive growth by increasing the contribution of weaker sections of the population with the mainstream. If weaker sections of the population have easy access to financial services, the economic growth of a country can be enlarged. So policymakers should focus on the financial sector's structural problems and pay attention to create modern financial institutes both in the banking sector and in financial markets.

scholarly journals Foreign Aid, Debt, Tax Revenue and Government Spending in South Asia: A Panel Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Rozina Akter ◽  
Sakila Aziz Nila
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Aid Dependency ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Over the years, tax revenue, foreign aid, and debt play a prominent role in finance the South Asian countries’ government spending. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the effects of foreign aid, debt, and tax revenue on government spending in South Asia. Methodology: The study considers six south Asian countries over 25 years from 1990-2014. The panel data method is used to analyze the impact of explanatory variables on the dependent variable. Findings: From the empirical analysis, it is found that foreign aid, tax revenue, and total debt have a positive impact on government spending. It indicates that when these variables increase, government spending also grows significantly. However, a higher interest rate ebbs the volume of receiving debt among the sampled countries. Originality: Under this circumstance, this paper advocate that rational use of tax revenue may abate the aid dependency and debt burden in South Asian countries.

scholarly journals Research on the Efficiency and Potential of China's Trade with South Asian Countries-Based on the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Yifan Lei ◽  
Cuiping Li
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Low Efficiency

In the context of COVID-19, international trade has been strongly impacted, and it is of great significance to accelerate trade exchanges with countries along the "Belt and Road" to achieve trade transformation. This paper uses the time-varying stochastic frontier gravity model to measure trade efficiency based on the data of China and South Asia from 2000 to 2019. The empirical results show that economic scale and population have a positive impact on trade. China's GDP growth is not conducive to the growth of bilateral trade volume, and distance is no longer a factor hindering trade. Trade inefficiency has a great impact on trade. Among them, whether to sign a free trade agreement, the quality of port infrastructure, the simple average tax rate of all products, and political risks have a more significant impact on the trade coefficient. The trade potential between China and South Asian countries is very large and different countries are uneven. China has high trade efficiency with Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, while trade with Bhutan has extremely low efficiency, and trade with Maldives and Nepal is average. Based on the above empirical results and combined with the current epidemic situation, the corresponding conclusions and countermeasures are put forward. For example, exporters should continue to innovate to promote trade transformation and diversified development; combine the western development strategy to promote trade and South Asian exchanges; reduce trade tariff barriers between the two countries; Jointly maintain the security and political situation of the two countries.

scholarly journals The effect of military spending on economic growth in South Asian countries during the years 2004 to 2016

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Impact

Governments and states initiate to up grate social welfare and prosperity through military expenditure and security expenses. On the hand, politicians concentrate on economic growth as a measure of social wafer and prosperity. Empirically growth has dramatically improved the livelihood, comfort, and consumption of a large number of people, as compared to the past people now have access to more nutrition, clothing, better educational material and qualified services. In order to examine empirically the impact of military expenditure on economic growth, this paper follow the Effect of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth (in South Asia during 2004 to 2016) as main objective. After Diagnostic Tests Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) has been used. The findings of the research indicate positive impact of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth in South Asian Countries. However, the impact of Import, Export and Investment are Statistically Significant on economic growth of South Asian Countries.

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