New Perspective of Networking in the DMO Model

Destination management organizations are functional structures that manage and market the tourist destinations operating to facilitate the cooperation among different stakeholders. A successful DMO supports tourism development, especially when tourism is an important economic driver for a destination. The idea of building different forms of DMOs and the concept of networking have guided tourism governance choices in different initiatives conducted in many countries. This chapter analyses the model of DMO adopted in Italy by Regione Toscana comparing it with the variable geometry approach by Beritelli et al. The study offers a critical reflection on the model of DMO, relevant from the perspectives of governance and management.

Towards a tourism industry turnaround: the need for a new metric of social success

PurposeThis review highlights the need for a tourism industry turnaround combining changes in its governance and in its social success metric.Design/methodology/approachAlthough debate was ongoing before the pandemic with the sustainability approach as the main reference, the crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has multiplied and amplified the voices calling for change in order to counteract the inertia of a return to the pre-pandemic “business as usual” scenario.FindingsThis review led to a proposal that combines a tourism governance framework and its principles, with a conceptualisation of social success and guidelines for building a metric for its measurement.Originality/valueThis resides mainly in a transition from a public–private partnerships (3Ps) model to a new scheme of public–private–people partnership (4Ps). The P for “people” represents the need for an alliance with society to contribute to the recovery and transformation that the tourism industry is currently experiencing. In this process, local communities should be empowered to play an active role in it. In the proposal elaborated, host communities are the focus of its conceptual architecture. To-date, analysis of the application of the 4Ps model to tourism is almost unexplored, despite the significant practical implications of a power re-balancing in decisions related to tourism planning and development. In addition, a social success-driven metric supported at the institutional level will contribute to redefining priorities in tourism destinations'/companies' strategies.

Tourism Village Management Requires Good Tourism Governance: Study in the Kampung Lampion Code 18 Yogyakarta area

The objective of this research is to fully understand the use of the Good Tourism Governance principles in the management of the tourist villages of the Kampung Lampion Code 18 in Yogyakarta. There was a negative perception of settlements around the Code river, Yogyakarta. They were considered to cause river water pollution, narrowing of rivers, sedimentation and flooding. Then, the community changed that perception. Together with the Non-Governmental Organization the Center for Civic Engagement & Studies and assisted by several university students, they turned the area into a tourist spot with the name Kampung Lampion Code 18. This is qualitative research with a descriptive method. Data analysis was applied at both the first step (data processing) and the second step (interpretation). The study results indicate that the management of Kampung Lampion Code 18 has tried to apply the principles of good tourism governance. However, its implementation has not been effective. Stakeholder synergy has not been realized, training programs have not been sustainable, the benefits of tourism have not been widely felt, have not encouraged local ownership, and promotion is still minimal. The limitations of this study are that it relies heavily on the researcher's interpretation of the interview data; therefore, the possibility of bias persists. However, this study suggests the need for Good Tourism Governance Principles if the village wants to compete as an alternative tourism destination. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami secara mendalam penerapan prinsip Good Tourism Governance dalam pengelolaan kampung wisata di kawasan Kampung Lampion Code 18 Kota Yogyakarta. Berawal dari keberadaan permukiman di sekitar sungai Code yang dianggap membawa dampak negative seperti pencemaran air sungai, penyempitan badan sungai, serta erosi, dan sedimentasi yang menyebabkan banjir. Kemudian, masyarakat sekitar sungai Code merubah persepsi tersebut. Bersama dengan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Center for Civic Engagement & Studies dan dibantu oleh beberapa mahasiswa dari berbagai perguruan tinggi, mengubah permukiman di bantaran sungai Code menjadi kawasan wisata dengan nama Kampung Lampion Code 18. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis data dilakukan dua tahap baik analisis pada langkah permulaan (pengolahan) maupun langkah lanjut (penafsiran). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip good tourism governance dalam pengelolaan kampung wisata di kawasan Kampung Lampion Code 18 sudah diterapkan, namun penerapannya belum optimal. Hal tersebut terlihat dari sinergitas pemangku kepentingan belum sepenuhnya terwujud, program pelatihan belum berkelanjutan, manfaat wisata dan kemitraannya belum dirasakan secara luas, belum mendorong kepemilikan lokal, promosi masih minim dan berdiri sendiri-sendiri, serta pedoman monitoring dan evaluasi program masih sederhana. keterbatasan penelitian adalah subjektivitas peneliti. Studi ini sangat bergantung pada interpretasi peneliti tentang makna yang ditunjukkan dalam wawancara; oleh karena itu, kemungkinan bias tetap ada. Prinsip Good Tourism Governance tersebut perlu dioptimalkan apabila kampung wisata di kawasan Kampung Code Lampion 18 hendak dijadikan alternatif wisata yang berdaya saing. Kata kunci: good tourism governance, kampung wisata, dan Kampung Lampion Code 18

The Impacts of Tourism and Governance on CO2 Emissions in Selected South Asian Countries.

Due to the increase in international connectivity and technological advancement, tourism has gained immense momentum in the recent past. Despite its favorable impacts, tourism has proved to be one of the significant contributors to increasing CO2 emissions. This study attempts to understand better the relationship between tourism, governance, and the CO2 emissions nexus in selected South Asian countries. The study obtained data from WDI and applied FMOLS, DOLS, and FEOLS methods from 1995-2019. It is observed that tourism has a significant and positive impact on CO2 emissions in the case of selected South Asian countries. Concerning the impact of governance on CO2 emissions, it is observed that governance effectiveness is negatively associated with CO2 emissions. It is evident from the empirical analysis that CO2 emissions can be mitigated with effective government policies. Furthermore, it is also suggested that the government aim at effective environmental policies, and attention should be given to sustainable tourism in the case of South Asian economies.JEL Classification: Q50, Q56, Q58How to Cite:Andlib, Z., & Salcedo-Castro, J. (2021). The Impacts of Tourism and Governance on CO2 Emissions in Selected South Asian Countries. Etikonomi, 20(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i2.17499.

Enhancing the role of tourism governance to improve collaborative participation, responsiveness, representation and inclusion for sustainable community-based tourism: a case study

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore under-addressed issues of collaborative participation, decision-making, representation and inclusion in tourism governance in the twin cities of Bryan-College Station in Texas, USA. The study demonstrated that improved tourism governance has the potential to address underrepresented issues and contribute to sustainable community-based tourism (SCBT) success. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 40 tourism business owners/managers, key persons in cultural/community organizations, tourism associations, government officials and backstage staff (mainly ethnic minorities) to explore key issues relating to governance, collaborative participation and responsiveness relating to tourism development. Findings It was found that a collaborative decision-making process existed with significant opportunities for listening to various stakeholders with the majority being happy with how the governing agencies responded to them. However, some expressed concerns regarding participation in decision-making processes, the inclusion of their voices and issues of low job representation. These suggest the need for enhancing collaborative participation, representation and decision-making. Guided by the theory and results of the study, recommendations for more collaborative, responsive and inclusive governance have been suggested. Originality/value As one of the few studies exploring the under-addressed issues in tourism governance in SCBT operations, the study is believed to hold significance from the perspectives of sustainable tourism development.

Transforming tourism governance Futures thinking for destination community well being

There have been growing calls for greater community engagement in tourism planning and governance. These are often accompanied by arguments for the use of more futures thinking to deal with the complex problems that tourism faces. This suggests that there is a need for different approaches to engaging destination communities in tourism planning. The aim of the present research was to evaluate such a different approach using futures thinking techniques focussed on destination community wellbeing (DCW) as the primary tourism planning goal. The outcomes of a series of community workshops that used the new futures thinking DCW approach were compared to the strategies described in relevant traditional tourism planning documents. This evaluation revealed that the residents in the futures and community wellbeing workshops generated more varied, specific, innovative and sustainable tourism futures than the traditional tourism planning processes. Tourism governance needs to focus more on empowering destination residents and on making specific links between aspects of tourism and changes in aspects of DCW.

Tourism governance during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis: A proposal for a sustainable model to restore the tourism industry

Unsustainable models of governance belonging to a widespread neoliberal mindset in developed countries have commonly been applied in the tourism industry. The management of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis has provided exemplary lessons regarding the application of sustainable models of governance. Through a participatory research, guidances are provided to tackle the COVID-19 effects in the tourist sector, namely in the Spanish southwestern region of Sierra de Gata. Seventeen indicators are proposed to enhance the safety measures, commitment of tourist authorities, communities empowered and protection of common resources among tourism industry, tourist authority and communities to spread cooperative awareness, mutual trust and shared objectives. Using a sample of 161 tourism companies, we tested a model of tourism governance with two focus groups during May and October 2020. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilized. Based on the data attained from a questionnaire and interviews, a sustainable tourism model to recover the threatened tourism sector is proposed. Indeed, our results can be used to draw theoretical and practical conclusions such as 1.) connecting private and public interactions to tackle the spread of the virus and strategies to recover the damaged tourist sector, 2.) to develop corporative values among the tourist industry and communities, 3.) to enhance governance models (trusts, consortia, tourist boards, clusters) to promote cooperation, 4.) to improve the local participation of companies, communities and associations in decision-making, and 5.) to prioritize qualitative development goals over quantitative ones, in the touristic territory. These conclusions are applicable to other regions suffering from the damaging consequences of the pandemic.

Tourism Dependency and Perceived Local Tourism Governance: Perspective of Residents of Highly-Visited and Less-Visited Tourist Destinations

In light of the challenges of the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, the topic of overtourism has been temporarily pushed into the background, but unsustainable tourism practices, which often include ignoring residents, one of the key stakeholders in tourist destinations, remain an important issue for sustainable tourism development in the future. This is a particularly important task for local tourism governances in terms of developing mechanisms for involving residents in planning and decision making. This research focuses on gaining insights into the relationship between the tourism dependency of residents and their perception of local tourism governance in terms of satisfaction with the organization of local public and private tourism stakeholders, as well as with the involvement of residents in tourism planning and decision making. The added value of the research lies in comparing the attitudes of residents in a highly-visited destination and a destination in the early stage of development. Both selected destinations are seaside destinations. with prevailing private accommodation and residential type of tourism. Responses were analyzed using ANOVA and the t-test, and the obtained results indicate that residents with no connection to tourism are the most dissatisfied with the local tourism governance dimensions. Also, residents who live in highly-visited destination had lower mean values of perceived local tourism governance than those living in less-visited destination.