scholarly journals The Shift in Gender Roles in Amy Tan’s 'The Joy Luck Club' and Khaled Hosseini’s 'The Kite Runner'

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujad Didien Afandi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Family ◽  
To Receive

The unfair gender roles under patriarchal system are constructed to preserve gender inequality between men and women. Gender role practices extend gradually to maintain the male hegemony to make women powerless because female traditional gender roles (femininities) create dependency to men. Men are assigned to masculinities equipped with power, whereas women are ascribed to femininities to set boundaries that limit their movement. Yet, the increase of female awareness of gender equality has changed this situation. Gender roles are gradually shifting from traditional to modern as the opportunities to receive education and job open widely to develop women's roles that enable them to give financial contribution to the family. This study was purposed to analyze the shift in gender roles in 'The Joy Luck Club' and 'The Kite Runner'. This study used qualitative design in which Chinese traditional gender roles were described using Confucian perspective, whereas Afghan traditional gender roles were exposed in Islamic perspective. Moreover, Karl Marx's conflict theory was used to analyze the shift in gender roles in both novels. The results of study found that the construction of traditional gender roles in both China and Afghanistan was influenced mostly by patriarchy which perceives men as more superior than women. However, the dynamic changes of gender roles, especially femininities, supported by the increase of female education and occupation provide women with more power to achieve development. Further studies are encouraged to analyze other gender roles which have not discussed in this study.

Gender and Social Security: Some Lessons from Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Charlotte Ståhlberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Sickness Benefit ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
The Individual

Different social security schemes affect men and women differently. This article compares the family or single earner model with the individual or dual earner model and examines their impact on gender inequality. However, even where social security schemes are designed to be gender neutral, when applied in a context that is systematically structured by gender, it points out that they will have a different impact on men and women. The article examines the ways in which supposedly gender-neutral rules, in sickness benefit, survivors' pensions and old age pensions have affected men and women in Sweden and concludes that, if countries wish to achieve equal economic outcomes for men and women, they will need to introduce measures to equalise men's and women's commitments to the home and the labour market, and to enable women to attain higher-paid jobs on the same basis as men.

scholarly journals Aproximación a los enfoques de género e interseccionalidad: aprendizajes significativos en la interacción de estudiantes universitarios con una comunidad indígena del Ecuador / Approach to Gender and Intersectionality perspectives: Meaningful Learning in the Interaction of University Students with an Indigenous Community in Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Alejandra Yepez ◽  
Carolina Cedeño ◽  
Eduardo Granja ◽  
Tarquino Yacelga
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

ABSTRACTUniversidad de Las Américas (UDLA) -Quito, initiated the "Gender roles in the family environment of the El Topo Commune" project, which aims to promote equitable relationships between men and women, and prevent gender-based violence. In addition, the project seeks to expose and act on inequities and social problems of violence. The study focused on evidencing the learning and changes generated in the students as a result of training, sensitization, and interaction with the El Topo indigenous community.  In this context gender, intersectionality, and community outreach and interculturality are combined in the challenge of promoting meaningful learning (action research).RESUMENLa Universidad de las Américas (UDLA)–Quito, inició el proyecto “Roles de género en el entorno familiar de la Comuna El Topo”, cuyo objetivo es promover relaciones equitativas entre hombres y mujeres, y prevenir violencia de género.  Además, se pretende visibilizar y actuar frente a inequidades y problemáticas sociales de violencia. El estudio se enfocó en evidenciar los aprendizajes y cambios generados en las y los estudiantes a partir de la capacitación, sensibilización e interacción con la comunidad indígena El Topo. En este contexto se conjugan género, interseccionalidad, y vinculación comunitaria e interculturalidad bajo el reto de promover aprendizajes significativos (investigación-acción).

scholarly journals Brothers increase women’s gender conformity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ardila Brenøe
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Conformity ◽  
The Family

AbstractI examine how one central aspect of the family environment—sibling sex composition—affects women’s gender conformity. Using Danish administrative data, I causally estimate the effect of having a second-born brother relative to a sister for first-born women. I show that women with a brother acquire more traditional gender roles as measured through their choice of occupation and partner. This results in a stronger response to motherhood in labor market outcomes. As a relevant mechanism, I provide evidence of increased gender-specialized parenting in families with mixed-sex children. Finally, I find persistent effects on the next generation of girls.

Missed Opportunities: Perspectives of Incarcerated Israeli Women and Men on Their Unsuccessful Desistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Gueta ◽  
Gila Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Women Inmates ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Depth Interviews

The current study explores the factors that people incarcerated in Israeli prisons identify as contributing to their unsuccessful desistance. Twenty in-depth interviews were carried out with substance-involved men and women inmates. The findings showed that they faced subjective and sociostructural problems, reflecting interlocking axes of marginalization. However, the men and women constructed their narratives of unsuccessful desistance according to traditional gender roles: The men’s accounts were embedded in key concepts of masculinity such as unemployment, whereas the women’s accounts related to feminine notions such as motherhood. Possible implications for theory and intervention are discussed.

The Budapest Ensemble's Csárdás! Tango of the East: Representational Mirrors of Traditional Music and Dance in a Postsocialist, Postmodern Landscape

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (S1) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Jamie Lynn Webster
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Ethnic Music ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles

This paper explores performance choices made by choreographer Zoltán Zsuráfsky for the ethnic music and dance production, Csárdás! Tango of the East for American tours in 2000 and 2005. Unlike older socialist models that elevated nationalism through homogenized choreography, Zsuráfsky's Csárdás! celebrates interethnic traditions, alternatives to traditional gender roles, and individual expression. These choices elevate regional traditions and maintain stylistic specificity and performer creativity but subdue elements of nationalism, gender inequality, and top-down ensemble hierarchy.

Mary Astell: Defender of the “Disembodied Mind”

Hypatia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia B. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Major Premise ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Intrinsic Difference ◽  
Mary Astell ◽  
Disembodied Mind

This paper demonstrates how Mary Astell's version of Cartesian dualism supports her disavowal of female subordination and traditional gender roles, her rejection of Locke's notion of “thinking matter” as a major premise for rejecting his political philosophy of “social contracts” between men and women, and, finally, her claim that there is no intrinsic difference between genders in terms of ratiocination, the primary assertion that grants her the title of the first female English feminist.

scholarly journals SITI: Javanese’s Beliefs as the Representation of Gender Roles and Inequalities towards Women’s Position

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransiska Rahayu Myrlinda
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Doing Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT             Being males and females is biologically constructed since human beings were born. Meanwhile, there is also strict distinction done by society to divide people into men and women or usually called as doing gender stereotype. It effects on different assumptions that are attached to them. As the result, people are categorized based on their own gender roles in society. Java, as the symbol of patriarchal society, is the ethnic which agrees with this social phenomenon. Its beliefs symbolize how men and women have different social status. It also results in different gender roles. SITI is the film which deals with this phenomenon. It shows that being “obedient” Javanese women will give effect on social status towards different genders. The theories of sex and gender and also patriarchal society were used to get the reliable data. Keywords: SITI, Sex and Gender, Inequality, Javanese’s beliefs ABSTRAK                 Menjadi pria dan wanita secara biologis dibangun sejak manusia dilahirkan. Sementara itu, ada juga perbedaan mendalam yang masyarakat lakukan untuk membagi manusia menjadi pria dan wanita atau biasa disebut sebagai stereotip di gender. Hal ini berpengaruh pada perbedaan asumsi yang melekat padanya. Sebagai akibat, manusia dikategorikan berdasarkan peran gender mereka sendiri di masyarakat. Jawa, sebagai simbol masyarakat patriarkal, adalah etnis yang setuju dengan fenomena sosial ini. Kepercayaan yang ada pada masyarakat Jawa melambangkan bagaimana pria dan wanita memiliki status sosial yang berbeda. Hal ini juga menghasilkan peran gender yang berbeda. SITI adalah film yang merepresentasikan fenomena ini. Film ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagai perempuan Jawa yang “taat” akan memberikan efek pada status sosial dari gender yang berbeda. Teori seks dan gender serta masyarakat patriarki digunakan untuk mendapatkan data yang sesuai. Kata Kunci: SITI, Teori seks dan gender, Ketidaksetaraan, Kepercayaan Jawa

scholarly journals Gender roles produce divergent economic expectations

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. e2008534118
Author(s):  
Francesco D’Acunto ◽  
Ulrike Malmendier ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Expectations Gap ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Frequent Exposure

Expectations about economic variables vary systematically across genders. In the domain of inflation, women have persistently higher expectations than men. We argue that traditional gender roles are a significant factor in generating this gender expectations gap as they expose women and men to different economic signals in their daily lives. Using unique data on the participation of men and women in household grocery chores, their resulting exposure to price signals, and their inflation expectations, we document a tight link between the gender expectations gap and the distribution of grocery shopping duties. Because grocery prices are highly volatile, and consumers focus disproportionally on positive price changes, frequent exposure to grocery prices increases perceptions of current inflation and expectations of future inflation. The gender expectations gap is largest in households whose female heads are solely responsible for grocery shopping, whereas no gap arises in households that split grocery chores equally between men and women. Our results indicate that gender differences in inflation expectations arise due to social conditioning rather than through differences in innate abilities, skills, or preferences.

scholarly journals Confucianism Perspective on the Position of Women in Society and the Impact of that Perspective on Gender Equality in Vietnam Today

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Nguyen Xuan Phong ◽  
Vu Hong Van ◽  
Pham Duy Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Domination ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Family Norms

In the 21st century, we try to understand how the roles of men and women have been changed in Vietnam that has firm beliefs of Confucianism in the society. Confucianism in Vietnam instills the concept of male superiority over women. Although the laws in the country establish women’s rights, the norms and practices of society still engender male domination. Vietnam family norms promote the unity of the family while placing women in a subservient position, the traditional culture requires obedience to a father and then to a husband and sons. As per family norms, the power of family decisions also remains with husbands. Men keep contact politically and socially at village meetings and exchange the use of resources and production. With the increase of women taking greater productive roles and earn income, their involvement in decision-making also increases. Due to increased women’s education, female power within the family has also increased. Over that last three decades (Starting in 1986, Vietnam carried out the renovation of the country), these traditional views on gender roles influenced by Confucianism have changed drastically, although it is still looked down upon for women to work outside the house, it is slowly being accepted and almost 71.1% of the female population in Vietnam is actively participating the workforce (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2019). On the other hand, the male domination over the woman on the family has eased out, and many men do help out with household chores and looking after children while the woman works. Although this population is much lesser than the expectations, it is still a change from the Confucianism principles where the male remains dominant and authoritative. Although there are instances to prove that Vietnam is coming out of its traditional views on gender roles, it is still far behind concerning gender equality compared to globally desirable standards. It is expected that modernization will bring about the empowerment of women and a balance between men and women in both family and society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document