The Effects of Surface Roughness on the Functionality  of Ti13Nb13Zr Orthopedic Implants

In this study, Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples were processed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in phytic acid (H12Phy) electrolytes with the addition of different concentrations of EDTA-MgNa2 (Na2MgY) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The surface characterization and cytocompatibility of MAO-treated samples were evaluated systematically. H12Phy is a necessary agent for MAO coating formation, and the addition of Na2MgY and KOH into the electrolytes increases the surface roughness, micropore size and Mg contents in the coatings. The MAO coatings are primarily composed of anatase, rutile, MgO and Mg3(PO4)2. Magnesium (Mg) ions in the electrolytes enter into MAO coatings by diffusion and electromigration. The MAO coatings containing 2.97 at% Mg show excellent cell viability, adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and collagen secretion, but the cytocompatibility of the MAO coatings containing 6.82 at% Mg was the worst due to the excessively high Mg content. Our results revealed that MAO coatings with proper Mg contents improve the cytocompatibility of the Ti-6Al-4V alloys and have large potential in orthopedic applications.

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Surface roughness of titanium orthopedic implants alters the biological phenotype of human MSCs

Tissue Engineering Part A ◽

10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0369 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eric A Lewallen ◽

William H Trousdale ◽

Roman Thaler ◽

Jie J. Yao ◽

Wei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Human Mscs ◽

Biological Phenotype

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Laser Surface Texturing and Electropolishing of CoCr and Ti6Al4V-ELI Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13225203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5203

Author(s):

Jesús A. Sandoval-Robles ◽

Ciro A. Rodríguez ◽

Erika García-López

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Unit Length ◽

Surface Texturing ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Laser Surface Texturing ◽

Material Surface ◽

Roughness Parameters ◽

X Ray ◽

Surface Roughness Parameters ◽

Materials Used

The interplay between a prosthetic and tissue represents an important factor for the fixation of orthopedic implants. Laser texturing tests and electropolishing were performed on two materials used in the fabrication of medical devices, i.e., CoCr and Ti6Al4V-ELI alloys. The material surface was textured with a diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) laser and its effect on the surface quality and material modification, under different combinations of laser power and marking speed, were investigated. Our results indicate that an increment of energy per unit length causes an incremental trend in surface roughness parameters. Additionally, phase transformation on the surface of both alloys was achieved. Chemical analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) shows the formation of (Co(Cr,Mo)) phase and the M23C6 precipitate on the CoCr surface; while quantitative analysis of the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results demonstrates the oxidation of the Ti alloy with the formation of Ti2O and Ti6O from the reduction of the α-Ti phase. The behaviors were both related with an increase of the energy per unit length. Control of the final surface roughness was achieved by an electropolishing post-treatment, minimizing the as-treated values. After polishing, a reduction of surface roughness parameters was obtained in a range between 3% and 44%, while no changes in chemical composition or present phases were observed.

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Relationship between the Surface Roughness of Biodegradable Mg-Based Bulk Metallic Glass and the Osteogenetic Ability of MG63 Osteoblast-Like Cells

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13051188 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pei-Chun Wong ◽

Sin-Mao Song ◽

Pei-Hua Tsai ◽

Yi-Yuan Nien ◽

Jason Shian-Ching Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Metallic Glass ◽

Bulk Metallic Glass ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Critical Issue ◽

Degradation Behavior ◽

Adhesion Ability ◽

Mineral Deposition ◽

First Contact ◽

The Relationship

Mg-based bulk metallic glass materials have been investigated for their large potential for application in orthopedic implants due to their biocompatibility, low degradation rate, and osteogenetic ability. As an orthopedic implant, initial cell adhesion has been a critical issue for subsequent osteogenesis and bone formation because the first contact between cells and the implant occurs upon the implants surface. Here, we aimed to create Mg-based bulk metallic glass samples with three different surface roughness attributes in order to understand the degradation behavior of Mg-based bulk metallic glass and the adhesion ability and osteogenetic ability of the contact cells. It was found that the degradation behavior of Mg66Zn29Ca5 bulk metallic glass was not affected by surface roughness. The surface of the Mg66Zn29Ca5 bulk metallic glass samples polished via #800 grade sandpaper was found to offer a well-attached surface and to provide a good cell viability environment for Human MG63 osteoblast-like cell line. In parallel, more calcium and mineral deposition was investigated on extracellular matrix with higher surface roughness that verify the relationship between surface roughness and cell performance.

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Finite Element Modeling of Burnishing and the Effects of Process Parameters on Surface Integrity of Orthopedic Implants

Volume 2: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering; Nanoengineering for Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1115/imece2011-63719 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Salahshoor ◽

Y. B. Guo

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Surface Integrity ◽

Internal State ◽

Material Model ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Fe Model ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior ◽

Layer I

Hydrostatic burnishing is mainly a ceramic ball supported by a pressurized cushion of hydraulic oil and pushed against the workpiece surface. As the ball rolls along the surface it produces a unique combination of three physical effects in the surface layer: i) work hardening and increased hardness, ii) burnishing and decreased roughness, and iii) increased compressive residual stresses. This process has gained an increasingly great attention in automotive, aerospace, and especially medical device manufacturing industries. However, most of the research in hydrostatic burnishing has been performed experimentally and there is still lack of numerical studies providing fundamental understanding of the mechanics and the way process parameters interact with surface integrity characteristics particularly surface roughness and residual stresses. Understanding the correlation between process parameters and surface integrity is critical in efficiently adjusting the surface integrity in order to achieve proper biodegradation rate in human body after implantation. In this study, the dynamic mechanical behavior of the material is simulated using internal state variable (ISV) plasticity model. A semi-infinite, two-dimensional, plane strain FE model is developed and the ISV material model is incorporated into it using a user defined material subroutine. The effects of burnishing pressure and feed on surface roughness and residual stresses are investigated. The simulation results are validated with experimental measurements of residual stresses and surface roughness.

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Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Some Biomedical Titanium Alloys by Pack Cementation Coating

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.886.189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 886 ◽

pp. 189-202

Author(s):

Zainab Zuhair Ali ◽

Fatimah J. Al-Hasani

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Pack Cementation ◽

Material Deposition ◽

Implant Alloys ◽

Pack Cementation Process

Titanium possesses a unique ability to bind with bone and living tissue, making it an ideal material for orthopedic implants such as knee and hip replacements. Because of the strength to weight ratio, hermeticity, biocompatibility and light weight makes titanium and its alloy the best choice for implant. The main goal focused on studying the influence of surface coating of some titanium base alloys by Nano (ZrO2&Y2O3) to the surface roughness of implant alloys. Preparation of samples was accomplished by using powder technology technique, in which the raw materials was pure titanium, 10%cobalt,50% nickel, and 30% tantalum powders. The samples were cleaned by ultrasonic device the surface pre- treated by chemical etching, then deposition of nano (ZrO2 with Y2O3) accomplished by pack cementation process. After samples characterization by (X-ray diffraction, hardness test, porosity percentage and Surface roughness). The result showed that diffraction patterns gained for the samples were the phases developed as a result of sintering and after deposition, There are likely no presents of pure metals that prove the time and temperature of sintering utilized in this work results in full sintering reactions, the XRD patterns of samples after (ZrO2,Y2O3) deposition by pack cementation process. It is obvious that Amorphous behavior was observed in the XRD after deposition nearly at 2θ (15.799) for all samples. It is evident that the porosity percent of the samples after (ZrO2, Y2O3) deposition was largely decreases due to the pack cementation process. There was considerable increasing in hardness value, finally the roughness values obtained from the AFM it was found that there are large changes in the roughness value of samples after coating due to full the surface by Nano ceramic material deposition.

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Surface roughness optimization in machining of AZ31 magnesium alloy using ABC algorithm

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201814403006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 03006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abhijith ◽

Pai Srinivasa ◽

D’Mello Grynal ◽

Hebbar Gautama

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Cutting Speed ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Pso Algorithm ◽

Optimization Techniques ◽

Depth Of Cut ◽

Machining Parameters ◽

Abc Algorithm

Magnesium alloys serve as excellent substitutes for materials traditionally used for engine block heads in automobiles and gear housings in aircraft industries. AZ31 is a magnesium alloy finds its applications in orthopedic implants and cardiovascular stents. Surface roughness is an important parameter in the present manufacturing sector. In this work optimization techniques namely firefly algorithm (FA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) which are based on swarm intelligence techniques, have been implemented to optimize the machining parameters namely cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut in order to achieve minimum surface roughness. The parameter Ra has been considered for evaluating the surface roughness. Comparing the performance of ABC algorithm with FA and PSO algorithm, which is a widely used optimization algorithm in machining studies, the results conclude that ABC produces better optimization when compared to FA and PSO for optimizing surface roughness of AZ 31.

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Effect of abrasive particle morphology along with other influencing parameters in magnetic abrasive finishing process

Mechanics & Industry ◽

10.1051/meca/2021013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Farshid Ahmadi ◽

Hassan Beiramlou ◽

Pouria Yazdi

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Quality ◽

Abrasive Particle ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Spherical Particles ◽

Machining Time ◽

Magnetic Abrasive Finishing ◽

Abrasive Particles ◽

Abrasive Finishing

Surface characteristics play a very important role in medical implants and among surface features, surface roughness is very effective in some medical applications. Among the various methods used to improve surface roughness, magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process has been widely used in medical engineering. In this study, the effect of abrasive particle morphology along with four other process parameters, including type of work metal, finishing time, speed of finishing operation, and the type of abrasive powder were experimentally evaluated. Full factorial technique was used for design of experiment. Three commonly used metals in orthopedic implants i.e., Ti-6Al-4V alloy, AZ31 alloy and austenitic stainless-steel 316LVM, were selected for this study. Also, two types of magnetic abrasive particles with different shapes (spherical and rod-shaped) were considered in the experiments. The results of the experiments indicated that the morphology of the abrasive particles and the finishing time had the greatest effect on surface roughness and using rod-shaped abrasive particles resulted in better surface quality comparing to the spherical particles. Besides, the surface quality of steel 316LVM after MAF was the best among the other examined metals. Interaction plots of ANOVA also showed that interactions of material with morphology of abrasive particles, and material with machining time were found to be reasonably significant.

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Early osteoblast responses to orthopedic implants: Synergy of surface roughness and chemistry of bioactive ceramic coating

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A ◽

10.1002/jbm.a.35326 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 103 (6) ◽

pp. 1961-1973 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Aniket ◽

Robert Reid ◽

Benika Hall ◽

Ian Marriott ◽

Ahmed El-Ghannam

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Ceramic Coating ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Bioactive Ceramic

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Roughness measurements of nonlinear optical polymer films by scanning tunneling microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100152082 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 22-23

Author(s):

I. H. Musselman ◽

R.-T. Chen ◽

P. E. Russell

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Polymer Surface ◽

Light Extinction ◽

Scanning Tunneling ◽

Silicon Substrates ◽

Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Optical Polymer ◽

Total Light

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to characterize the surface roughness of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers. A review of STM of polymer surfaces is included in this volume. The NLO polymers are instrumental in the development of electrooptical waveguide devices, the most fundamental of which is the modulator. The most common modulator design is the Mach Zehnder interferometer, in which the input light is split into two legs and then recombined into a common output within the two dimensional waveguide. A π phase retardation, resulting in total light extinction at the output of the interferometer, can be achieved by changing the refractive index of one leg with respect to the other using the electrooptic effect. For best device performance, it is essential that the NLO polymer exhibit minimal surface roughness in order to reduce light scattering. Scanning tunneling microscopy, with its high lateral and vertical resolution, is capable of quantifying the NLO polymer surface roughness induced by processing. Results are presented below in which STM was used to measure the surface roughness of films produced by spin-coating NLO-active polymers onto silicon substrates.

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