scholarly journals El despertar de la conciencia a través del espejo en algunos textos de literatura infantil y juvenil

2014 ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Eva María Villar Secanella
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Literary Memory ◽  
Siglo Xx

Este trabajo parte del concepto de que los textos literarios reconstruyen un escenario ficcional en el que se representa y reactualiza una memoria colectiva que es reflejo, también cooperante, en la producción de los cambios sociales y el imaginario de una sociedad, e influyen en la enculturación y formación de la construcción de la identidad de sus lectores. Tomando como espacio de estudio la cultura española de finales del siglo XX y centrado el análisis en tres textos pertinentes a la literatura infantil y juvenil donde la niña ficcional cumple una función protagónica: Veva y el Mar, Caperucita en Manhattan y Bella y Oscura, se busca descubrir, a través de la memoria literaria, los procesos de cambio que se produjeron en nuestro imaginario colectivo; la convivencia de antiguas y nuevas relaciones que el texto establecía con su lector y las identidades que se pretendieron formar a través de la literatura juvenil difundida por la sociedad. This essay is based upon the concept that literary texts build a fictional scenario where the collective memory is represented and actualized. The collective memory is a reflection as well as cooperating agent in the production of social changes where literary texts influence the reader’s processes of enculturation and construction of identity. The study is framed in the late 20th century and it is focussed on the analysis of Children and Young literature where the fictional girl is the main character: Veva y el Mar, Caperucita en Manhattan y Bella y Oscura. The essay aims at defining the processes of change that took place in the collective imaginary through the analysis of the literary memory as well as the coexistence of old and new relationships that the texts establishes with its interpreters and the identities which were moulded by the literature of that time. 

scholarly journals O SIQUEIRISMO NO CONTEXTO DAS FORMAS POLÍTICAS DE DOMINAÇÃO NO BRASIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Sandoval Antunes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Brazilian History ◽  
Siglo Xx

O siqueirismo se tornou um derivativo de uma palavra que era comum desde a criação do Estado nos meios políticos. Com a configuração de um grupo político praticamente hegemônico no Tocantins, os políticos, sejam deputados, prefeitos, vereadores e senadores ligados ao grupo de Siqueira Campos eram chamados de siqueiristas. Desta forma objetivamos fazer uma análise do siqueirismo comparativamente a outras formas de dominação, na perspectiva weberiana, no Brasil contemporâneo. O interesse é pontuar, em um recorte deliberado de algumas formas de poder que possam servir à percepção do que é o siqueirismo no Tocantins e compará-lo com outros personagens da política brasileira na segunda metade do século XX.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tocantins; siqueirismo; dominação; política.     ABSTRACT Siqueirism has become a derivative of a word that was common in political circles since the creation of Tocantins state. With the configuration of a practically homogeneous political group in Tocantins, the politicians that were affiliated to Siqueira Campos were called “siqueiristas”, whether they were congressmen, mayors, councilman or senators. Thus, we aim to make an analysis of siqueirismo with respect to other forms of domination in contemporary Brazil using a Weberian perspective. Our interest is to point which forms of power can be used to built a perception of what is siqueirism and compare it to other political characters from Brazilian history of the mid-late 20th century.   KEYWORDS: Tocantins; siqueirism; domination; politics.     RESUMEN El siqueirismo se convirtió en un derivado de una palabra que era común desde la creación del Estado en los círculos políticos. Con la configuración de un grupo político prácticamente hegemónica en Tocantins, los políticos son diputados, alcaldes, concejales y senadores vinculados al grupo de Siqueira Campos fueron llamados siqueiristas. De esta manera se pretende analizar la siqueirismo en comparación con otras formas de dominación, en la perspectiva de Weber, en el Brasil contemporáneo. El interés es anotar en un corte deliberado de algunas formas de poder que puede servir a la percepción de lo que se siqueirismo en Tocantins y compararlo con otros personajes de la política brasileña en la segunda mitad del siglo XX.     PALABRAS CLAVE: Tocantins; Siqueirismo; Dominación; Política.

scholarly journals Баллада в калмыцкой поэзии ХХ в. в аспекте синтеза жанров

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-167
Author(s):  
Rimma M. Khaninova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
Type Transformation ◽  
Russian Literary

Introduction. The ballad genre in Kalmyk poetry, having no national folklore analogues, is based on the Russian literary ballad of the Soviet period. The article examines ballads in 20th-century Kalmyk poetry in the aspect of genre synthesis — the ballad and the poem proper. The relevance of the work is determined by that the Kalmyk literary ballad remains understudied both in the genre paradigm and in the dialogue of cultures. Goals. The article aims to examine the Kalmyk literary ballad in its synthesis with the genre of the poem. Materials and Methods. The investigated materials are works by N. Tamarchenko, D. Magomedova and others. Works by Mikhail Khoninov, Aksen Suseev and Erdni Eldyshev in the original and literary translations serve as sources for the study. The main research methods comprise the historical-literary, comparative methods, and that of descriptive poetics. Chronologically, the study covers the mid-to-late 20th century. Results. The study reveals, firstly, a synthesis of ballad and poem traced through the example of Mikhail Khoninov’s ‘Салькнла бǝǝр бǝрлдснǝ туск баллад’ (‘The Ballad of the Battle against the Wind’) and its poem-type transformation in Russian translation, the latter being also evident in the second edition of the original text; secondly, the genre of the poem in Aksen Suseev’s ‘Semen Nimgirov’ (Russ. ‘The Ballad of Civic Duty’) and Erdni Eldyshev’s ‘Marinesko’ gets transformed into that of the ballad when in their Russian translations; thirdly, the work identifies the prototype of Suseev’s main character. Conclusions. The ballad proves a most constant genre in M. Khoninov’s poetry, and the innovative synthesis of ballad and poem in the original text can also be found in his other work — ‘Хальмг күүкнǝ туск баллад’ (‘The Ballad of the Kalmyk Woman’). The authors A. Suseev and E. Eldyshev wrote no ballads, and their intentions had been initially aimed at the genre of the poem. This reveals certain differing strategies of the author and the translator resulting in the genre differentiation of a selected work on the latter’s way to the reader.

Rhetorical unit analysis and Bakhtin’s chronotype

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Cloran
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Social Time ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mother Child Interaction ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Social Positioning ◽  
The Everyday

Bakhtin introduced the concept of chronotope (chronos = time; topos = space) to facilitate his exploration of the ways in which space-time intersections occur in literary texts. However, he also suggests that chronotopes characterise non-literary texts — indeed, that “every entry into the sphere of meaning is accomplished only through the gates of the chronotope” (1981: 258) — this historical, biographical and social time-space configuration. This formulation immediately suggests that these categories should be accessible via the categories of language and indeed, in English, they are most generally expressed via the Mood categories Subject and Finite. These same Mood categories of English are crucially involved in the identification of a unit of discourse — the rhetorical unit (Cloran 1994). Thus, this discourse unit provides a useful means of concretising, from a linguistic perspective, Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope and investigating the presence of such chronotopes in the everyday mundane discourse of mother-child interaction. Selections from such interaction are illustrations of authentic cultural chronotopes, and provide exempla of a (sub)cultural chronotopic motif within the broader culture, i.e. social positioning at a particular historical point in time (the late 20th century Australian culture).

scholarly journals El uso del podcast para la difusión del patrimonio cultural en el entorno hispanoparlante: análisis de las plataformas iVoox y SoundCloud

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Parra Valcarce ◽  
Charo Onieva Mallero
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Do So

La tecnología del podcasting ha conocido un considerable crecimiento durante estos últimos años, facilitada por circunstancias como la consolidación de la web semántica manual o web 2.0 y el surgimiento de la figura del prosumidor de contenidos. Desde el punto de vista de su evolución en el tiempo consideramos la existencia de cuatro etapas diferenciadas, a las que denominamos como experimental (finales del siglo XX a 2005), de consolidación (2006 a 2009), multimedia (2010 a 2013) y de eclosión (2014 hasta la actualidad). Se analiza cuál es el grado de utilización de los podcasts para el tratamiento de la temática referida a la difusión del patrimonio cultural en el ámbito específico hispanoparlante. Para ello, se ha examinado la presencia de esta clase de herramientas en dos de las principales plataformas de podcasting a escala internacional: iVoox y SoundCloud. Podcasting technology has had a considerable growth during last years, facilitated by circumstances such as the consolidation of the manual semantic web or web 2.0 and the emergence of the figure of the prosumer of contents. From the point of view of its chronological evolution, we consider the existence of four differentiated stages, which we call as experimental (late 20th century to 2005), consolidation (2006 to 2009), multimedia (2010 to 2013) and hatching (2014 to nowadays). We analyze the degree of use of podcasts for the treatment of the theme related to the dissemination of cultural heritage in the specific Hispanic-speaking environment. In order to do so, we have examined the presence of this kind of tools in two of the main international podcasting platforms: iVoox and SoundCloud.

scholarly journals Literature and Economics. Another Way to Read the Text

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (33) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Ingrida Kisieliūtė
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Methods ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Economic Criticism ◽  
The Relationship

At the end of the 20th century, the study of literature was supplemented by such new methods as biopoetics, geopoetics, new historicism, etc. The New Economic Criticism, a new approach to the literary text, was found in the United States in the late 20th century. The present article discusses the main aspects of the aforementioned area of the study of literature and as well presents the possible approaches to literary texts from the economic perspective. The New Economic Criticism does not aim to become a method or tendency; thus, it givesthe freedom for a researcher to choose the perspective on the relationship between the literature and economics. The above-mentioned kind of analysis may be found in the English-speaking countries; whereas, the Russian literature has still remained unconsidered; however, Russian scholars are attempting to look at their fiction through the eyes of an economist. In Lithuania, the kind of research has not been found yet. Therefore, the article suggests one of the possible economic approaches, i.e., the analysis of the financial practices of the protagonist of The Gambler by F. Dostoyevsky. 

Return of Memory: The Conception of Lithuanian tremtis and Latvian trimda During the National Revival of the Late 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Viktorija Jonkutė
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Concise Overview ◽  
The Baltic

Latvian and Lithuanian National Revival (or Awakening) of the late 20th century can be defined not only as a time of restoration of independence but also as a time of recovering memory. This article explores one of the main traumatic moments for the Baltic nations in the 20th century – deportations and other kinds of displacement. It was prepared based on a fragment of the dissertation thesis “Collective Memory in the Lithuanian and Latvian Literary Press during the National Revival of Late 20th Century” (defended in 2020). The article mainly relies on texts published by the Lithuanian and Latvian Writers’ Unions: the weekly Literatūra ir menas (Literature and Art) and the monthlies Pergalė, since 1991 Metai (Victory, since 1991 The Year) and their almost analogous Latvian counterparts Literatūra un Māksla, Karogs (Flag) and Avots (Spring). The first part of the text discusses the problems of Lithuanian and Latvian concepts of deportations and émigré, and terms Lith. tremtis, Latv. trimda. The second part provides a concise overview of reflections on Lithuanian deportations and Latvian émigré, political emigration. The article ends with conclusions about the main differences and similarities between those displacement experiences.

Human Rights and Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod K. Nayar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Graphic Novels ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Ariel Dorfman ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modified Forms

The field of human rights (HR) and literature has expanded in the last two decades. Fiction, poetry, memoirs, and graphic novels with HR themes have been examined, and also cognate fields like popular culture and HR, humanitarianism, and the history of HR itself. The literary, with its emphasis on the human ‘subject,’ the formation of this subject, and the hurdles that confront its formation, is appropriate for the study of how humans are conceptualized as deserving (or not) of rights, and the conditions in which the human loses her humanness. Victims, perpetrators, and bystanders are characters in literary texts that critics study as models of subjectivity. The literary text asks us to imagine the nature of the human person, the universal state of human vulnerability, and the situations in which this vulnerability is prised open for exploitation. The entries here consist of those that engage directly with literary texts but also with frames, contested and debated, that define the human, and without which a rights regime cannot be put in place or modified. Forms and aesthetics that are central to the documentation, witnessing, and communicating the urgency of HR themes in various genres are also necessarily a part of this bibliography. Various forms and genres in literature—across ages, geocultural formations, and nations—have addressed the theme of HR, explicitly or implicitly. The war novel, for instance, is more concerned with mass HR violations such as genocide, rape, and continuing trauma. The child-abuse novel is focused on individual HR. Plays by authors like Ariel Dorfman, (e.g., his Resistance trilogy) use theatre to speak of unspeakable horrors like torture. In the late 20th century, especially in the wake of Art Spiegelman’s pioneering Maus, numerous graphic novels, comics, and pieces of comics journalism have sought to document atrocity and HR. Testimonial texts and fiction by victims have constituted a globally visible genre, again since the last half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals De remeros a pasajeros: Memorias de viajes y cambios sociales en una isla de Chiloé, Chile

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 231-252
Author(s):  
Cristian Andrés Yáñez Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Local History ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
Siglo Xx

El artículo aborda los viajes marítimos que hombres y mujeres de isla Quehui (Archipiélago de Chiloé, Región de los Lagos, Chile) realizaban para llegar a Castro (capital provincial), en la primera mitad del siglo XX. El autor se apoya en relatos ofrecidos por pobladores locales y rinde cuenta del entorno social de la comunidad en torno a tales rutinas. El texto describe la aparición de la lancha a motor, que reemplaza  las prácticas anteriores de navegación, y su impacto social en los isleños. La construcción del texto se apoya en un trabajo de campo realizado en la zona de estudio, la utilización de la técnica de entrevistas y una revisión bibliográfica.Palabras claves: Historia local, memoria oral, cambios sociales, oralitura, ChiloéFrom rowers to passengers: Travel memories and social changes in a Chiloé island, Chile Abstract The article is about the sea voyages that men and women from the Quehui island (Chiloé archipelago, Los Lagos region, Chile) had to do during the first half of the 20th century for reaching Castro (provincial capital). The author is based on stories from the local settlers, and the text describes the community social environment around such routines. The article describes the motorboat arrival which replaces the previous navigation practices, and its social impact on islanders. The article is based on a fieldwork carried out in the study area, the use of interviews as a technique and a bibliographic study.Keywords: Local History, Oral Memory, Social Changes, Oraliture, Chiloé.

PENSAR O DITO E O SILENCIADO: Representações da escravidão na historiografia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
CELESTE SILVA FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Multiple Representations ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Siglo Xx

As transformações historiográficas ocorridas no final do século XX causaram uma reviravolta metodológica na análise da documentação referente a sujeitos escravizados. Correspondências oficiais ou pessoais, inquéritos, processos judiciais, testamentos, inventários, jornais, diários, enfim, todo um conjunto documental passou a ser visto com novos olhares e possibilidades interpretativas a partir do que se convencionou chamar de ”virada linguá­stica”. Desta feita, este trabalho traz reflexões sobre a escravidão em suas múltiplas representações empreendida pela historiografia brasileira.Palavras-chave:  Escravidão. Representação. Historiografia.  THINKING THE SPOKEN AND THE SILENCED:  Representations of slavery in historiographyAbstract:  The historiographical transformations occurred in the late 20th century caused a methodological upheaval in the analysis of the documentation related to enslaved subjects. Official and personal correspondence, surveys, legal proceedings, wills, inventories, newspapers, journals, and finally a whole series of documents began to materialize with new perspectives and possibilities for interpretation of what has been purported as "linguistic turn". This account, this work brings reflections on the slavery in its multiple representations undertaken by Brazilian historiography.Keywords: Slavery. Representation. Historiography.  PENSAR LO HABLADO Y LO SILENCIADO: Representaciones de la esclavitud en la historiografá­aResumen: Las transformaciones historiográficas ocurridas a finales del siglo XX causaron un cambio metodológico en el análisis de la documentación referente a sujetos esclavizados. Correspondencias oficiales o personales, investigaciones, procesos judiciales, testamentos, inventarios, periódicos, diarios, o sea, todo un conjunto documental pasó a ser visto con nuevas miradas y posibilidades interpretativas a partir de lo que se ha convenido llamar de ”giro lingá¼á­stico”. De ese modo, este trabajo trae reflexiones sobre la esclavitud en sus múltiples representaciones emprendida por la historiografá­a brasileña.Palabras clave: Esclavitud. Representación. Historiografá­a.  

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