scholarly journals Pengaruh Rasio Campuran Napthalene pada Premium terhadap Efisiensi Bahan Bakar dan Kinerja Mesin Sepeda Motor 4tak

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Fogot Endro Wibowo ◽  
Rahmasari Fauzhia
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Octane Rating ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hydrocarbon Compound ◽  
Consumption Efficiency ◽  
Horse Power

ABSTRAKPemerintah Indonesia berharap kualitas baik dari gas buang kendaraan khususnya sepeda motor, diperlukan bahan bakar kualitas tinggi yaitu bahan bakar dengan nilai oktan tinggi. Napthalene adalah senyawa hidrokarbon dengan rumus kimia C10H16O. Struktur kimia yang mirip bensin, memiliki rantai lebih panjang membuat Napthalene diduga dapat meningkatkan nilai oktan bensin. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisis pengaruh rasio pencampuran Napthalene pada premium terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar (km/l) dan peningkatan kinerja pada mesin sepeda motor bebek jenis manual 110 cc dan 115 cc. Metodenya adalah eksperimen. Parameternya yaitu tingkat efisiensi konsumsi premium (km/l), peningkatan kinerja meliputi torsi dan daya (Horse Power) pada motor jenis tersebut.Rasio perbandingan Napthalene dan premium yaitu 3 gram/l, 6 gram/l dan 9 gram/l. Hasil uji menunjukkan rasio pencampuran Napthalene pada premium sebanyak 9 gram/l merupakan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap tingkat efisiensi konsumsi premium dan kinerja mesin pada kedua jenis motor tersebut. Aplikasi tersebut tentunya akan memperbaiki kualitas gas buang.Kata kunci : efisiensi, premium, naphthalene, nilai oktan ABSTRACTThe Indonesian government hopes that the good quality of vehicle exhaust gases, especially motorcycles, requires high quality fuel, namely fuel with a high octane rating. Napthalene is a hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C10H16O. The chemical structure is similar to gasoline, having a longer chain makes Napthalene allegedly able to increase the octane value of gasoline. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of the Napthalene mixing ratio at premium on fuel consumption (km/l) and performance improvement on the 110 cc and 115 cc manual motorcycle engines. The method is experimental. The parameters are the level of premium consumption efficiency (km/l), increased performance including torque and power (Horse Power) on this type of motorcycles. The ratio of Napthalene and premium is 3 grams/l, 6 grams/l and 9 grams/l. The test results show that the Napthalene mixing ratio at premium as much as 9 grams/l is the most influential on the level of premium consumption efficiency and engine performance on both types of motorcycles. The application will certainly improve the quality of exhaust gas.Keywords: efficiency, premium, naphthalene, octane rating

scholarly journals Comparing Two Views Of Video Demonstration For Access Cavity Preparation: A QuasiRandomized Controlled Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Liew Kia Cheen ◽  
Hazem Dabbour ◽  
Dalia Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Baseline Group ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Video Demonstration

Introduction: Demonstration of the access cavity preparation procedures to dental students is challenging due to the limited operating field and detailed nature of the procedures. It is especially difficult to visualize how instruments are functioning inside the pulp space. The aim of this study was to develop and compare two different views of video demonstration in teaching access cavity preparation. Materials and Methods: Two videos of access cavity preparation were filmed, showing occlusal view of a whole tooth (WT) and sagittal view of a sectioned tooth (ST). Using quasirandomization, third year dental students (n=57) were divided into two groups to watch either one of the videos. The perception and performance of both groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test. Results: At baseline, group WT (n=29) and group ST (n=28) were not significantly different in terms of operative scores (p=0.330). After watching the videos, the basic understanding of the theories were similar between both groups. However, ST responded more positively towards the helpfulness of the video in visualizing the inner anatomy of the tooth and in implementing the procedures (p<0.05). ST also completed the exercise within a shorter time (p<0.001). Nevertheless, the quality of the prepared access cavities was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion(s): Using sagittal view of sectioned tooth in video demonstration of access cavity preparation can improve students learning and performance speed. We highly recommend showing the sagittal view of sectioned tooth in video demonstration of access cavity preparation. 

An Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Performance Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Wei Dong Ji ◽  
Ke Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Convergence Speed ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Improved Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
And Performance

Put forward a kind of the hybrid improved genetic algorithm of particle swarm optimization method (PSO) combine with and BFGS algorithm of, this method using PSO good global optimization ability and the overall convergence of BFGS algorithm to overcome the blemish of in the conventional algorithm slow convergence speed and precocious and local convergence and so on. Through the three typical high dimensional function test results show that this method not only improved the algorithm of the global search ability, to speed up the convergence speed, but also improve the quality of the solution and its reliability of optimization results.

ENGINE PERFORMANCE VALIDATION OF THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT VALVETRAIN PARAMETERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahrudin Mohd Alias ◽  
Nor Hayati Saad ◽  
Juri Saedon ◽  
Nor Hidayahti Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Validation ◽  
Main Engine

Early stage of engine valvetrain noise improvement involves the implementation of Design of Experiment (DOE) specifically the Taguchi methodology to identify the optimum valvetrain parameters which resulted in significant noise improvement. The parameters are consist of seven controlled factors such as cylinder head tappet bore diameter, mechanical tappet diameter, valve spring load, camshaft exhaust and intake waviness together with tappet exhaust and intake clearance. The confirmation run which was previously completed yields the valvetrain noise level at 67.07db SPL by 1 meter distance in completed vehicle during idling condition. In order to satisfy the final quality of the optimal valvetrain, a test is carried out to validate the performance curve on a dynamometer according to benchmark specification. The objective of the test is to validate the optimal valvetrain based on the experimental result which minimum manufacturing target shall be achieved to indicate that the engine is operated within its intended design. The performance test was conducted at the manufacturing plant on an eddy current dynamometer which runs for 11 hours. As results, the performance are within the standard with approximate increased by 6.9% as compared with baseline valvetrain and confirmed by several follow-up tests made on the improved valvetrain. In order to verify and address the main engine output of the optimal valvetrain, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and emissions test results are then presented at the end of this paper. 

scholarly journals Effects of Biodiesel Blends Varied by Cetane Numbers and Oxygen Contents on Stationary Diesel Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semakula Maroa ◽  
Freddie Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
And Performance

This work investigated waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO), 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate (EHN), and ethanol as sources of renewable energy, blending conventional diesel (CD), WPPO, and ethanol with EHN was to improve the combustion and performance characteristics of the WPPO blends. EHN has the potential to reduce emissions of CO, CO2, UHC, NOX, and PM. Ethanol improves viscosity, miscibility, and the oxygen content of WPPO. Mixing ratios were 50/WPPO25/E25, 60/WPPO20/E20, 70/WPPO15/E15, 80/WPPO10/E10, and 90/WPPO5/E5 for CD, waste plastic pyrolysis oil, and ethanol, respectively. The mixing ratio of EHN (0.01%) was based on the total quantity of blended fuel. Performance and emission characteristics of a stationary 4-cylinder water-cooled diesel Iveco power generator were evaluated with ASTM standards. At 1000 rpm, the BSFC was 0.043 kg/kWh compared to CD at 0.04 kg/kWh. Blend 90/WPPO5/E5 had the highest value of 14% for BTE, while the NOX emissions for 90/WPPO5/E5, 80/WPPO10/E10, and 70/WPPO15/E15 were 384, 395, and 414 ppm, respectively, compared to CD fuel at 424 ppm. This is due to their densities of 792 kg/m3, 825 kg/m3 which are close to CD fuel at 845 kg/m3 and the additive EHN. These results show blends of WPPO, ethanol and EHN reduce emissions, and improve engine performance, mimicking CD fuel.

Root reinforcement of soil: review of analytical models, test results, and applications to design

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien H. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Models ◽  
Test Results ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Root Reinforcement ◽  
And Performance

This paper reviews analytical models that are used to evaluate results of laboratory and in situ tests on soil reinforced by vegetation roots and performance of slopes with vegetation. Predicted and observed performances are compared to illustrate the accuracy and refinement of the models and their relationships to the quality of the available data. General guidelines for application to design problems are provided.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN MUTU PERUSAHAAN MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK LARAVEL DAN MATERIALIZE (Studi Kasus: Bagian Pengendalian Dokumen PT. Pura Barutama Divisi Boxindo, Kudus)

CCIT Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Stefan Fernando ◽  
Andeka Rocky Tanaamah ◽  
Agustinus Fritz Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Audit Result ◽  
Black Box Testing ◽  
Performance Audit ◽  
And Performance

Quality management is one of important aspects in the company for keep the quality of service and gaining trust from its customers, however there are some problems in monitoring the quality and performance audit result, audit schedule distribution, and ISO 9001:2008 document distribution. Therefore it needs to be managed with an integrated database system.The Purpose of this research is to design and build information system of quality management to help monitoring the quality and performance audit result, audit schedule distribution, and helps the management of ISO 9001:2008 document.System development model in this research used prototyping method. The test results using Black Box Testing Methods and interview with users indicated that the developed Information System of Quaity Management (ISQM) has been functioning in accordance with the expected functional and operational requirements.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sample quality from different sampling methods in Finnish soft sensitive clays

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1154-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Di Buò ◽  
Juha Selänpää ◽  
Tim Tapani Länsivaara ◽  
Marco D’Ignazio
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Sample Quality ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
And Performance

The determination of reliable geotechnical parameters from laboratory testing is highly dependent on sample quality. Over the past decades, undisturbed sampling of soft sensitive clays has been performed using various apparatuses and procedures. This paper outlines details of the design and performance of a new Laval-type tube sampler employed for the investigation of five soft clay sites located in Finland. The investigation was conducted using the new tube sampler and two different piston samplers. The sample quality was evaluated based on the recompression volume during reconsolidation to the in situ effective stress in constant-rate-of-strain oedometer tests. Test results show that tube samples are generally characterized by higher quality, especially in low-plasticity clays. In particular, the quality of piston samples is highly affected by the apparatus condition and sampling operations. Furthermore, the influence of storage time on tube samples was investigated. To guarantee a proper confinement, and thus reduce swelling, a pressurized system was applied to the tube samples obtained in two soft clay sites. Results demonstrate that the sample quality is not significantly affected by storage time as long as the soil is properly stored in the tube.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Efektivitas Mesin Kiln dengan Penerapan Total Productive Maintenance pada Pabrik II/III PT Semen Padang

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Andita Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Total Productive Maintenance ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Equipment Utilization ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Performance Rate ◽  
A Company

PT Semen Padang is a company that produces cement and it can not be separated from issues related to the effectiveness of the machinery/ equipment caused by factors such as six big losses. It can be indicated from the frequency of damage caused to machinery/ equipment because of the damage so that production targets are not achieved. Another result of damage caused by machinery/ equipment is the quality of products where the products are not meet the quality standards. Therefore, it is necessary to measure effective and efficient in the maintenance of machinery/equipment int term of solving such problems. TPM is a method which developed in Japan that can be applied to improve the productivity and efficiency of production. The applied method is one of useful methods to mantain machinery/equipment utilization including, losses that called by the six big losses. One goal of TPM is to increase the effectiveness to improve function and performance of machinery/ equipment used and reduce the six big losses contained in the machine/ equipment. Study has been conductedin W1 and W2 Kiln engine on Indarung Factory II / III PT Semen Padang. The first stage is measuring the effectiveness of W1 and W2 Kiln machine using OEE method. Furthermore, we are y measure OEE Six Big Losses and another losses that lead to the low efficiency of the Kiln machine. The data has been collected based on year 2013. Result showed that the value of OEE in W1 kiln ranged from 49% to 96%. While the value of OEE in W2 kiln ranged from 60% to 98% . It is related to the level of availability W1 kiln (average 92%) were also quite low when it is compared to the level of availability W2 kiln (average 94%) due to the length of time the kiln W1 engine damage. Refer to the value of the performance rate W1 and W2 kiln, it can be concluded that the average value of both engine performance rate is almost the same, ranging between 91% and 92%. Analysis of OEE Six Big Lossesshowed that cause of low OEE on kiln machine is breakdown loss. It also affected the reduced speed loss.Keyword : OEE, Six Big Losses, Availability, Performance Rate, Quality RateAbstrakPT Semen Padang merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang memproduksi semen juga tidak terlepas dari masalah yang berkaitan dengan efektivitas mesin/peralatan yang diakibatkan oleh faktor six big losses tersebut. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari frekuensi kerusakan yang terjadi pada mesin/peralatan karena kerusakan tersebut sehingga target produksi tidak tercapai. Akibat lain yang ditimbulkan kerusakan mesin/peralatan yaitu dalam hal kualitas produk yang dihasilkan dimana produk yang tidak sesuai dengan standar kualitas akan dioleh kembali. Oleh karena itu diperlukan langkah-langkah efektif dan efisien dalam pemeliharaan mesin/peralatan untuk dapat menanggulangi dan mencegah masalah tersebut. TPM adalah salah satu metode yang dikembangkan di Jepang yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi produksi perusahaan dengan menggunakan mesin/peralatan secara efektif. Tidak tepatnya penanganan dan pemeliharaan mesin/peralatan tidak hanya menyebabkan masalah kerusakan saja, tetapi juga kerugian lain yang disebut dengan six big losses. Salah satu tujuan TPM adalah untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dengan cara meningktaan fungsi dan kinerja mesin/peralatan yang digunakan dan mengeliminasi six big losses yang terdapat pada mesin/peralatan. Objek yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah mesin Kiln W1 dan W2 yang terdapat pada Pabrik Indarung II/III PT Semen Padang. Tahapan pertama dalam usaha peningkatan efisiensi produksi pada perusahaan ini adalah dengan melakukan pengukuran efektivitas mesin Kiln W1 dan W2 dengan menggunakan metode OEE yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran OEE Six Big Losses dan dari faktor six big losses tersebut dicari faktor terbesar yang mengakibatkan rendahnya efisiensi mesin Kiln. Data yang digunakan adalah data satu tahun terakhir yaitu Bulan JanuariDesember 2013. Selama periode tersebut, diperoleh nilai OEE pada kiln W1 berkisar antara 49% hingga 96%. Sedangkan nilai OEE mesin kiln W2 berkisar antara 60% hingga 98%. Hal ini berhubungan dengan tingkat availability mesin kiln W1 (rata-rata 92%) yang juga cukup rendah bila dibandingkan dengan tingkat availability mesin kiln W2 (rata-rata 94%) dikarenakan lamanya waktu kerusakan mesin kiln W1. Bila dilihat dari nilai performance efficiency mesin kiln W1 dan W2, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai rata-rata performance efficiency kedua mesin ini hampir sama, yaitu berkisar antara 91% dan 92%. Bila dilakukan analisa OEE Six Big Losses, maka yang menjadi penyebab rendahnya OEE pada mesin kiln ini adalah waktu kerusakan mesin yang tergolong dalam frekuensi sering. Hal ini juga berimbas pada penurunan kecepatan kerja mesin kiln.Kata Kunci : OEE, Six Big Loss, Availability, Performance Rate, Quality Rate

scholarly journals The Effect Of Use Various Types Cables Spark Plugs To 108cc Scooter Machine Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Irwansyah Irwansyah ◽  
Muhammad Arsad Al Banjari ◽  
Feddy Wanditya Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
The Right

Ideally, the combustion system system in the combustion chamber, this is an alarm in order to get the right combustion results and of course will make the motorcycle power with the right fuel consumption too. There are at least 3 (three) important factors that must be met by the combustion system in the combustion motorbike, especially for gasoline-type automatic motorbikes. These three factors include the existence of an ideal fuel and air mixture (good air-fuel mixture), the right timing of business performance in producing spark plug spark quality (good spark) and good combustion chamber (good compression). An air-fuel mixture that can produce a homogeneous mixing of fuel and air. The acquisition of perfect combustion is directly proportional to the quality of a good type of spark plug cable. The ability of the type of spark plug cable must be able to support high electric current processes to produce the ideal spark. In this study, the type of business cable used is the brand that is in the market, namely proteck, extreme, hitachi and standard cable types. Performed variation testing 4 (four) types of spark plug cables. The test results show the best engine performance of a gasoline-fueled automatic motorbike using extreme spark plug cables, with a torque of 5,669 Nm at 7854 rpm and a power of 6,252 hp at 7854 rpm

scholarly journals Brush Seal Performance and Durability Issues Based on T-700 Engine Test Results

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
R. C. Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Gain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brush Seal ◽  
Brush Seals ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Original Equipment Manufacturers

The integrity and performance of brush seals have been established. Severe bench and engine tests have shown high initial wear or rub-in rates, material smearing at the interface, and bristle and rub-runner wear, but the brush seals did not fail. Short-duration (46 hr) experimental T-700 engine testing of the compressor discharge seal established over 1-percent engine performance gain (brush versus labyrinth). Long-term gains were established only as leakage comparisons, with the brush at least 20 percent better at controlling leakage. Long-term materials issues, such as wear and ultimately seal life, remain to be resolved. Future laeeds are cited for materials and analysis tools that account for heat generation, thermomechanical behavior, and tribological pairing to enable original equipment manufacturers to design high-temperature, high-surface-speed seals with confidence.

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