scholarly journals Life cycle and eco-friendly management of Chinese fruit fly (Bactrocera minax) in sweet orange (Citrus sinesis Osbeck) in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Prakriti Sharma ◽  
Bhishma Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Almost All

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) is a highly profitable fruit crop of Nepal. However, for the past five years, farmers experienced poor productivity partly attributed to the severe infestation of exotic Chinese fruit fly (Bactorcera minax), particularly in Sindhuli and Ramechhap district of Nepal. In this context, we attempted to review on identification, life cycle, and eco-friendly management of Chinese fruit fly. The review is documented based on a field visit and relevant works of literature from Journal articles, books, pamphlets, etc. The Chinese fruit fly has tremendous ability to take a long-range flight, thus,  migrated from China to Bhutan and crossing the Indo-Nepal eastern border, finally reached to eastern mid-hills of Nepal.  Moderate temperature and low humidity of mid-hills of Nepal are favorable for the exponential growth of the pest. Being sweet orange most preferable commodity, the host range of the fly includes almost all the citrus fruits. The fly has damaged 20-50% of the fruit every year and resulted in a loss of millions of rupees.  Therefore various pest management practices can be deployed for sustainable eco-friendly management of the pest. The Chinese fruit fly can be successfully managed by hydrolase protein baits, regular pruning, augmentation of bio-control agents, and using soft systemic insecticides. Various other options for the management of Chinese fruit fly are also discussed with their biological efficacy for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of pests.

scholarly journals PESTICIDE USE AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Suraj Poudel ◽  
Bikash Poudel ◽  
Birochan Acharya ◽  
Puspa Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Safe Production ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Every lay farmer as well the commercial growers use chemical pesticides to kill pests and weeds and to get rid of diseases in their farm with aim of increasing production. Though the use of pesticides has some advantages of increase in yield, its haphazard and excessive use also create a serious impact on the environmental components and human health. The present scenario of pesticide use doesn’t seem to be satisfactory, so-called safe pesticides are also showing their ill effects in the long run and the problems such as bio-accumulation, bio-magnification are being magnified day after day. Almost all the corners of the earth and organisms living in it and those who are yet to be born have already been affected by so-called boons to pest control. This study attempts to study the present pesticides use scenario of Nepal and also the ill-effects of pesticides on human health as well as on the environment. The relevant data and information were collected from the thorough study of the journal articles, research papers, reports and various literatures. This paper pleads and sensitizes the readers to get directed toward more holistic, sustainable, natural and safe production and management practices.

scholarly journals Survey and Monitoring of Chinese Citrus Fly (Bactrocera minax Enderlein) in Sweet Orange Orchards of Sindhuli, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Elina Gautam ◽  
Arvind Srivastava ◽  
Lalan Kumar Singh ◽  
Shanta Karki ◽  
Debraj Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Protein Bait

Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is one of the most important pests of citrus. The pest is more problematic in the eastern part of the country, Nepal. Because of the difficulties associated with the control of this pest by chemical insecticides, farmers had experienced great losses in Sweet Orange. Therefore, a participatory field survey was conducted under farmer field conditions to assess losses and measure the efficacy of different local and recommended management options to address the problem of this pest. Study consisted of two major parts: monitoring of pest population and farmer’s survey. For monitoring three orchards were selected located at different altitude i.e. 1200 masl, 1300 masl and 1400 masl. Great Fruit fly Bait (25% protein hydrolysate and 0.1% abamectin) in McPhail traps were used for monitoring. Monitoring was done in every 7 days interval and lures were changed in every 15 days for the effectiveness. Only 18.3% farmers were using protein bait for the management of fruit fly. B. minax had peak population intensity at May and was found decreasing after June so the management practices should be adopted before June to prevent the loss by fruit fly. However, for best effective control attention for monitoring and management procedures has to take place throughout the life cycle of the insect.

scholarly journals Erratum: Life cycle and eco-friendly management of Chinese fruit fly (Bactrocera minax) in sweet orange (Citrus Sinensis Osbeck) in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Prakriti Sharma ◽  
Bhishma Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Original Photographs

Erratum (25 Sept. 2020): This paper is a review article. Original photographs were taken by Debraj Adhikari, Senior Agriculture Officer, MoALD, PMAMP, PIU, Sindhuli, Nepal. We apologies for the mistakes that occurred in the published article. Original article can be found at https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.0502013. Certain other corrections as suggested by the authors can be found in the updated version of this article on this page.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

BP Global Energy Outlook 2030

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rühl
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The Us ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Oil Gas

This paper presents the highlights of the third annual edition of the BP Energy Outlook, which sets out BP’s view of the most likely developments in global energy markets to 2030, based on up-to-date analysis and taking into account developments of the past year. The Outlook’s overall expectation for growth in global energy demand is to be 36% higher in 2030 than in 2011 and almost all the growth coming from emerging economies. It also reflects shifting expectations of the pattern of supply, with unconventional sources — shale gas and tight oil together with heavy oil and biofuels — playing an increasingly important role and, in particular, transforming the energy balance of the US. While the fuel mix is evolving, fossil fuels will continue to be dominant. Oil, gas and coal are expected to converge on market shares of around 26—28% each by 2030, and non-fossil fuels — nuclear, hydro and renewables — on a share of around 6—7% each. By 2030, increasing production and moderating demand will result in the US being 99% self-sufficient in net energy. Meanwhile, with continuing steep economic growth, major emerging economies such as China and India will become increasingly reliant on energy imports. These shifts will have major impacts on trade balances.

Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils

1997 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Basic Difference ◽  
The Past ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Constant Charge ◽  
Variable Charge Soils

This book, based on research carried out at the Academia Sinica over the past 30 years, explains the basic difference between the variable charge soils of tropical and subtropical regions, and the constant charge soils of temperate regions. It will focus on the chemical properties of the variable charge soils--properties which have important bearing on soil management practices, including maximizing soil productivity and combating soil pollution.

Building Research Teams

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Peach
Keyword(s):  
Common Goal ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Building Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Collective Activity ◽  
Research Administrators ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Century Science

This chapter discusses the process of building research teams. Increasingly over the past three-quarters of a century, science has become a collective activity, with teams of tens, hundreds or even thousands of scientists, engineers and technicians working together on a common goal. Consequently, almost all research involves building, motivating and maintaining a research team. Even a theoretical group is likely to have one or two postdocs, graduate students and visitors, but research teams will, in addition, have engineers and technicians, as well as, possibly, research administrators. The chapter also addresses the importance of creating and maintaining a good team and team spirit, as large projects are assembled from a large number of small teams working on common goals, usually in a loose federated structure with some overall coordination and leadership.

Evaluating Qualitative Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeasik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grant Proposals

This book provides the qualitative research community with some insight on how to evaluate the quality of qualitative research. This topic has gained little attention during the past few decades. We, qualitative researchers, read journal articles, serve on masters’ and doctoral committees, and also make decisions on whether conference proposals, manuscripts, or large-scale grant proposals should be accepted or rejected. It is assumed that various perspectives or criteria, depending on various paradigms, theories, or fields of discipline, have been used in assessing the quality of qualitative research. Nonetheless, until now, no textbook has been specifically devoted to exploring theories, practices, and reflections associated with the evaluation of qualitative research. This book constructs a typology of evaluating qualitative research, examines actual information from websites and qualitative journal editors, and reflects on some challenges that are currently encountered by the qualitative research community. Many different kinds of journals’ review guidelines and available assessment tools are collected and analyzed. Consequently, core criteria that stand out among these evaluation tools are presented. Readers are invited to join the author to confidently proclaim: “Fortunately, there are commonly agreed, bold standards for evaluating the goodness of qualitative research in the academic research community. These standards are a part of what is generally called ‘scientific research.’ ”

scholarly journals Environmental assessment of the Tung cultivation through life cycle analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bern�l ◽  
Rosana Schneider ◽  
�nio Machado
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecosystem Changes ◽  
Poor Soil

Over the past few decades, conventional agriculture has been facing serious crises caused by numerous factors, including poor soil management and the excessive application of pesticides. Thus, alternative production systems have been developed, including agroforestry systems, especially those that produce both energy and food. The objective of this study was to environmentally evaluate the culture of Aleurites fordii Hemls. (Tung) using the Life Cycle Assessment method with the SimaPro 7.3.2 software. The results revealed that in family farms that use less mechanization to harvest crops, the primary category of environmental impact was land use, which included the removal of animal and vegetable species and ecosystem changes. The full impact of this category was 1741.21 m2yr PDF (potentially disappeared fraction). Subsequently, prognostics were established for the reduction of such impacts, and we conclude that Tung has a high potential for agricultural installation with high responsibility to the environment. Keywords: Environmental factors, Aleurites fordii Hemls, Life Cycle Management, Tung.

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