scholarly journals Production status, export analysis, and future prospects of ginger in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Priyanka Joshi ◽  
Shovit Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Agricultural Diversity

Ginger is one of the high-value spices crops of Nepal possessing the huge potential of export to the global market. Among Nepal’s natural gifts are agricultural diversity and varied topography making the land suitable for ginger production. The main aim of this study was to scrutinize the current status of ginger production, annual growth rate, its import and export as well as prospects of the Nepali ginger. Fundamentally, secondary data were collected from authentic sources, and then were assembled in Microsoft Excel, and diagrams were generated. ArcGIS software was used to create the map. Findings revealed that the production of ginger is in an increasing trend with an average annual growth rate of 6.67%. Nepal contributed about 9.2% of the global ginger production, despite its small area. Ginger is exported primarily to India because of the lack of an internationally accredited testing laboratory. From this study, it can be concluded that Nepal has comparative advantages in growing ginger, which is noticeable with the geographical features and well-adapted local varieties. The trend of enormous growth in ginger production and its export indicates that ginger production and trade could be a potential enterprise contributing to the national economy. It is recommended to focus on enhancing ginger productivity by providing training and extension services to farmers, subsidies, establishing ginger processing units, easy and reliable certification within the country, and enhancing diplomatic relations for easy market accessibility for strengthening the ginger sub-sector. 

scholarly journals Export performance and direction of trade of dried apricot from Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Hasibullah Mushair ◽  
D. Murugananthi ◽  
A. Rohini ◽  
R. Vasanthi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Markov Chain Analysis ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Chain Analysis

Apricot is one of the most delicious refreshing and nourishing fruits. Afghanistan produces 1.09 lakh tonnes of apricot during 2018 (Afghanistan statistical year book). It is one of the important commodities in export basket of Afghanistan. The major export markets for Afghan dried apricot are India and USA. The present study aims to quantify the export performance and changing structure of dried apricot exports from Afghanistan. Secondary data on area, production and country wise quantity of exports of dried apricot was collected from FAO statistics, ITC and APEDA for a period of 13 years from 2006 to 2018. Compound Annual Growth Rate was computed for studying the trend in area, production, yield, export quantity and export value for dried apricot. Markov chain analysis was attempted to assess the direction of change in exports. Markov chain analysis results showed that, India is the stable market for Afghanistan’s dried apricot and USA is less stable markets India is the main country to import dried apricot in the next five years. It shows high value in terms of quantity and percentage which is more than 50 per cent of all Afghanistan’s dried apricot export.

Role of Microfinance Banks in Provision of Credit for Poverty Reduction in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Kamran Raiysat ◽  
Humaira Younas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Returns On Investment

Microfinance banks started their operations in Pakistan in 2000 and have been working over the years. This chapter mainly considers microfinance bank growth in the provision of credit for poverty reduction. Six hypotheses are developed to address the main issues under investigation in this study. Secondary data is used to calculate compound annual growth rate for the period 2011–2015. Results showed growth in microfinance banks (total assets and branch network) and provision of loans/credit (customers, gross advances, net advances and advance per customer). For better returns on investment and economic development, further investment is suggested in the same sector.

scholarly journals Growth, Instability and Decomposition Analysis of Nutri Cereals in Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
T. Nivetha ◽  
K. Uma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Instability Index ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Area Effect

Aim: The study was undertaken to know the growth rate, instability, and contribution of area and yield on the production of Nutri cereals. Place and Duration: The study was based on the secondary data for the period of 20 years (2001- 2020) for Tamil Nadu. Data has been collected from Agricultural statistics at a glance (2020), Season and Crop report (2020). Methodology: The growth rate of Nutri cereals can be estimated through compound annual growth rate, instability is measured using Coppock’s instability index and contribution of area and yield on production is studied using decomposition analysis. Results: Results revealed that Nutri cereals growth rate is found to be negative in first decade and positive in second decade Production of Nutri cereals in both the decades found positive in decline trend. The trend of productivity seems positive for both the decades at declining rate. Instability index is higher in terms of production than area and productivity. Area effect was most responsible for the production of Nutri cereals than yield and interaction effect. Conclusion: The area effect is more responsible for production of Nutri cereals. Area effect on production of Nutri cereals is high, hence government should intervene in this regard to improve the area of Nutri cereals cultivation.

Ageing Saudi Population in the Facebook Era

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asharaf Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
Facebook Usage

<p>Data pertaining to 1974, 1992, 2004 and 2010 Censuses in Saudi Arabia was collected. Some reviews and literature on population ageing in Saudi Arabia as well as Facebook usage obtained. Statistics pertaining to Saudi population was utilized.</p> <p>Aged population in 2010 estimated by assuming the annual growth rate of 1974-2004.</p>

scholarly journals Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of arterial stiffness: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouling Wu ◽  
Luli Xu ◽  
Mingyang Wu ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
Youjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background Triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been reported to be associated with arterial stiffness. However, previous studies were limited by the cross-sectional design. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between TyG index and progression of arterial stiffness. Methods A total of 6028 participants were derived from the Kailuan study. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Arterial stiffness progression was assessed by the annual growth rate of repeatedly measured baPWV. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the cross-sectional association of TyG index with baPWV, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the longitudinal association between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness. Results Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that each one unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 39 cm/s increment (95%CI, 29–48 cm/s, P < 0.001) in baseline baPWV and a 0.29 percent/year increment (95%CI, 0.17–0.42 percent/year, P < 0.001) in the annual growth rate of baPWV. During 26,839 person-years of follow-up, there were 883 incident cases with arterial stiffness. Participants in the highest quartile of TyG index had a 58% higher risk of arterial stiffness (HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.25–2.01, P < 0.001), as compared with those in the lowest quartile of TyG index. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant dose–response relationship between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness (P non-linearity = 0.005). Conclusion Participants with a higher TyG index were more likely to have a higher risk of arterial stiffness. Subjects with a higher TyG index should be aware of the following risk of arterial stiffness progression, so as to establish lifestyle changes at an early stage.

Abstract TP80: Incidence And Risk Factors For The Growth And Rupture Of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms. Results Of Annual Radiologic Follow Up Study.

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Matsumoto ◽  
Kouichirou Tsuruzono ◽  
Manabu Sasaki ◽  
Noriyasu Yoshimura ◽  
Toshiki Yoshimine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Aneurysm Rupture ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Rupture Rate ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms

Background: The recent trend of the treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms(UIAs) is going to be conservative. Their natural history of rupture and growth is still unkown. We present the results of annual radiological follow-up study in UIAs. Method: In recent 12 years, we have found 121patients with 148 unruptured cerebral aneurysms were followed annually using 3D-CTA or MRA. Mean follow-up period was 5.5 year. Several factors influencing rupture or growth were statistically examined. Results: Among 121 patients, 9 ruptured and 11 showed growth of UIAs. Annual rupture rate was 1.3% per year and annual growth rate was 1.6% per year. Aneurysm size was the sole factor influencing rupture(P<0.001), whereas female sex and multiplicity were major factors influencing aneurysm growth(P<0.05). Under size 3mm, annual growth rate was 3.0% whereas annual rupture rate was 0.7%. In 4-6mm, growth rate was 1.6% and rupture rate was 1.6%. In 7-9mm, growth rate was 0 and rupture rate was 5.8%. In over 10mm, growth rate was 2.9% and rupture rate was 11.6%. Within 1 year, rupture occurred in 4 cases, and growth was found in 1 case. Conclusions: By annual radiological examination, growth of UIAs was noted more frequently than aneurysm rupture. Especially UIAs under 3mm, growth was 4 times higher than rupture, radiological follow up is effective for aneurysm rupture. Within 1 year, initially found UIAs should be carefully followed in a short interval.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Energy Consumption in the United States: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Kahn ◽  
Hamidreza Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
End User ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Lockdown measures and mobility restrictions implemented to combat the spread of the novel COVID-19 virus have impacted energy consumption patterns, particularly in the United States. A review of available data and literature on the impact of the pandemic on energy consumption is performed to understand the current knowledge on this topic. The overall decline of energy use during lockdown restrictions can best be identified through the analysis of energy consumption by source and end-user breakdown. Using monthly energy consumption data, the total 9-months use between January and September for the years 2015–2020 are calculated for each end-use. The cumulative consumption within these 9 months of the petroleum, natural gas, biomass, and electricity energy by the various end-use sectors are compared to identify a shift in use throughout time with the calculation of the percent change from 2019 to 2020. The analysis shows that the transportation sector experienced the most dramatic decline, having a subsequent impact on the primary energy it uses. A steep decline in the use of petroleum and natural gas by the transportation sector has had an inevitable impact on the emission of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants during the pandemic. Additionally, the most current data for the consumption of electricity by each state and each end-user in the times before and during the pandemic highlights the impact of specific lockdown procedures on energy use. The average total consumption for each state was found for the years 2015–2019. This result is used calculation of yearly growth rate and average annual growth rate in 2020 for each state and end-user. The total average annual growth rate for 2020 was used to find a correlation coefficient between COVID-19 case and death rates as well as population density and lockdown duration. To further examine the relationship a correlation coefficient was calculated between the 2020 average annual growth rate for all sectors and average annual growth rate for each individual end-user.

Authorship Pattern and Collaboration Coefficient of Library Professional’s Competency on Research Publications During 1999-2018: A Scientometric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Nutan Gaud ◽  
M. P. Singh ◽  
Bhoopendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Authorship Pattern ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Scopus Database

The present study aims to analysis authorship pattern and collaboration coefficient of library professional’s competency publications research from 1999-2018. The data has been downloaded by Scopus database. A total number of published articles during the period of study was 433 in the particular database on the topic of ‘professional’s competency’. The study examine various scientometric parameter such as authorship pattern, year wise distribution of publication, determine the annual growth rate and compound annual growth rate of publication, relative growth rate and doubling time of publication and so many. After the analysis, it is found that the highest 11.78% of an article published in the year 2015. The highest growth rate in 2000 and the lowest in 1999. The United States published highest 174 article and secured first place in top five countries wish distribution of the publication. Majority of the article is published by single authors is 171 articles during the period of study.

Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Currency Exchanges of Selected Countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-91
Author(s):  
Sudhi Sharma ◽  
Miklesh Prasad Yadav ◽  
Babita Jha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Conditional Heteroskedasticity ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Currency Market ◽  
Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity ◽  
The Impact

The paper aims to analyse the impact of the COVID outbreak on the currency market. The study considers spot rates of seven major currencies (i.e., EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD, AUD/USD, USD/CAD, USD/CHF, and CHF/JPY). To capture the impact of the outbreak on returns and the volatility of returns of seven currencies during pandemic, the study has segregated in two window periods (i.e., pre- [1st Jan 2019 to 31st Dec, 2019] and post-outbreak of COVID-19 [1st Jan, 2020 to 22nd Dec, 2020]). The study has applied various methods and models (i.e., econometric-based compounded annual growth rate [CAGR], dummy variable regression, and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity [GARCH]). The result of the study captures the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on three currencies—USD/JPY, AUD/USD, and USD/CHF—and positive significant impact on EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/CAD, and CHF/JPY. Investors can take short position in these while having long position in other currencies. The inferences drawn from the analysis are providing insight to investors and hedgers.

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