scholarly journals Modelagem Bidimensional para a Verificação Hidráulica da Canalização de um Trecho do Rio Fragoso em Olinda (Pernambuco, Brasil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2963
Author(s):  
Gastão Cerquinha da Fonseca Neto ◽  
Marcos Antonio Barbosa da Silva Junior ◽  
Arivânia Bandeira Rodrigues ◽  
Alfredo Ribeiro Neto ◽  
Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analysis System

O processo de densificação nas cidades provoca a perda de ambientes naturais, consequentemente reduz as áreas permeáveis, ampliando os fenômenos das inundações urbanas. As medidas mitigadoras geralmente envolvem elevados custos e nem sempre são confiáveis, devido às incertezas de projeto e variáveis naturais de difícil controle e quantificação, principalmente relacionadas às mudanças climáticas. Nesse cenário, a bacia do rio Fragoso, localizada em sua maior parte na cidade costeira de Olinda, registrou recentemente inundações que afetaram extensas áreas, provocando o poder público a realizar obras de canalização e alargamento da calha do rio. Assim, este trabalho objetiva avaliar a confiabilidade de medidas estruturais implementadas em ambientes urbanos costeiros e de baixa elevação, sujeitos às variações da maré. Para isso, foram utilizados os softwares: HEC-GeoHMS para processamento dos dados geoespaciais de topografia, com dados de alta resolução; HEC-HMS 4.2.1 para modelagem hidrológica; e HEC-RAS 5.0.3 para modelagem hidráulica bidimensional, com representação de manchas de inundação através da ferramenta RAS Mapper. Foi simulado o evento chuvoso de 30 de maio de 2016 para dois cenários: o atual, nas condições naturais do rio; e o futuro, com a obra de canalização concluída. Os resultados mostraram que a intervenção seria hidraulicamente satisfatória, permitiria o escoamento das vazões, conseguiria reduzir cerca de 42,32% das áreas urbanas inundadas, mas não evitaria o alagamento de áreas marginais que são naturalmente muito baixas. Bidimensional Modeling for the Hydraulic Verification of the Channeling of a Stretch of the Fragoso river in Olinda (Pernambuco, Brazil). A B S T R A C TThe densification process in cities causes the loss of natural environments, consequently reducing the permeable areas, increasing the phenomena of urban floods. Mitigation measures generally involve high costs and are not always reliable, due to uncertainties in the design and natural variables that are difficult to control and quantify, mainly related to climate change. In this scenario, the Fragoso River basin, located mostly in the coastal city of Olinda, recently registered floods that affected extensive areas, causing the government to carry out canalization and widening the river channel. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the reliability of structural measures implemented in coastal and low elevation urban environments, subject to tidal variations. For this, the following softwares were used: HEC-GeoHMS for processing geospatial topography data, with high resolution data; HEC-HMS 4.2.1 for hydrological modeling; and HEC-RAS 5.0.3 for two-dimensional hydraulic modeling, with representation of flood spots through the RAS Mapper tool. The rainy event of May 30, 2016 was simulated for two scenarios: the current one, in the natural conditions of the river; and the future, with the enlargement and channeling work designed. The results showed that the intervention would be hydraulically satisfactory, would allow the flow of flows, would reduce about 42.32% of the flooded urban areas, but would not prevent the flooding of marginal areas that are naturally very low.Keywords: flood; macrodrainage, Hydrologic Modeling System, River Analysis System.

scholarly journals Diversity of Listeria Species in Urban and Natural Environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4420-4433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Sauders ◽  
Jon Overdevest ◽  
Esther Fortes ◽  
Katy Windham ◽  
Ynte Schukken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Source ◽  
Listeria Seeligeri

ABSTRACTA total of 442Listeriaisolates, including 234Listeria seeligeri, 80L. monocytogenes, 74L. welshimeri, 50L. innocua, and 4L. marthiiisolates, were obtained from 1,805 soil, water, and other environmental samples collected over 2 years from four urban areas and four areas representing natural environments.Listeriaspp. showed similar prevalences in samples from natural (23.4%) and urban (22.3%) environments. WhileL. seeligeriandL. welshimeriwere significantly associated with natural environments (P≤ 0.0001),L. innocuaandL. monocytogeneswere significantly associated with urban environments (P≤ 0.0001). Sequencing ofsigBfor all isolates revealed 67 allelic types with a higher level of allelic diversity among isolates from urban environments. SomeListeriaspp. andsigBallelic types showed significant associations with specific urban and natural areas. Nearest-neighbor analyses also showed that certainListeriaspp. andsigBallelic types were spatially clustered within both natural and urban environments, and there was evidence that these species and allelic types persisted over time in specific areas. Our data show that members of the genusListerianot only are common in urban and natural environments but also show species- and subtype-specific associations with different environments and areas. This indicates thatListeriaspecies and subtypes within these species may show distinct ecological preferences, which suggests (i) that molecular source-tracking approaches can be developed forListeriaand (ii) that detection of someListeriaspecies may not be a good indicator forL. monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Mental Health & Resiliency: Designing Participatory Nature Dependent Environments and Communities for a Sustainable Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Beam ◽  
Nawari O. Nawari ◽  
Bill Tilson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Community Planning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Natural Environments

Sustainable design trends have historically wended down a road that supports the idea of densely populated urban planning as a strategy for mitigating sprawl. Creation of dense urban areas aims at the reduction of carbon emissions. However, studies show that densely populated areas often come with a panacea of mental health, resiliency, and quality of life ails for a community.The following research explores the possibility of combining densely populated design approaches with ancient community planning methods that encourage relationship building: close contact with natural environments and social interchange. Community planning that also creates a day to day contact with nature could be a crucial strategy for both sustaining healthy ecosystems and the development of sustainable communities. The potential for integrating dependence upon nature within built urban environments, as well as the possibility of positive place-making by harvesting nature dependent cultural and social assets in communities and neighborhoods, is, therefore, a wealthy area worthy of exploration.To explore these areas, mental health research on the effects of nature on the brain, as well as the three leading determinants of social, environmental and economic well-being, worldwide, and the founding cultures of these determinants were reviewed. Resilient indigenous groups and case studies of the happiest nation, of Norway and two leading environmentally sustainable and resilient countries, Costa Rica, Cuba, and New Mexico are examined. The paper provides recommendations for improving mental health and resilience by integrating strategies for nature and community needs in urban planning and built environments design.

scholarly journals Identifying the Planning Priorities for Green Infrastructure within Urban Environments Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5468
Author(s):  
Yeeun Shin ◽  
Suyeon Kim ◽  
Sang-Woo Lee ◽  
Kyungjin An
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Design And Construction

Urban environmental issues such as declining air quality and increasing urban heat island effects can be managed by the effective use of urban green spaces. Consequently, the importance of green infrastructure (GI) has rapidly increased over time. While the various functions of GI have been investigated in numerous studies, limited research has focused on prioritizing those factors which impact the planning and development of GI. This study used literature reviews, expert surveys, and an analytic hierarchy process methodology to identify and prioritize the critical factors influencing GI during the design and construction process to enhance the role of GI in urban areas. Experts were asked to prioritize four primary (ecological, landscape, usability, and economic factors) and 16 secondary aspects of GI design. Respondents strongly agreed on the importance of the ecological aspects of GI, while the government sector also highlighted the importance of economic concerns, such as ongoing maintenance. Results indicated that the priorities for creating GI require further analysis and mediation between stakeholders. Further empirical evidence should be accumulated regarding the functions of GI for policy implementation in design and construction.

scholarly journals Consistent signatures of urban adaptation in a native, urban invader ant Tapinoma sessile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Joseph Blumenfeld ◽  
Pierre Andre Eyer ◽  
Anjel M Helms ◽  
Grzegorz Buczkowski ◽  
Edward L Vargo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Urban Habitats ◽  
Tapinoma Sessile ◽  
The Social ◽  
Odorous House Ant ◽  
Single Nest

Biological invasions are becoming more prevalent due to the rise of global trade and expansion of urban areas. Ants are among the most prolific invaders, with many exhibiting a multi-queen colony structure, dispersal through budding and a lack of inter-nest aggression. Although these characteristics are generally associated with the invasions of exotic ants, they may also facilitate the spread of native ants into novel habitats (e.g., urban areas). Native to North American forests, the odorous house ant Tapinoma sessile has become abundant in urban environments throughout the United States. Forest-dwelling colonies typically have a small workforce, inhabit a single nest, and are headed by a single queen, whereas urban colonies tend to be several orders of magnitude larger, inhabit multiple nests and are headed by multiple queens. Here, we explore and compare the population genetic and breeding structure of T. sessile within and between urban and natural environments in several localities across its distribution range. We found the social structure of a colony to be a plastic trait in both habitats, although extreme polygyny (i.e., nests with multiple queens) was confined to urban habitats. Additionally, polydomous colonies (i.e., nests lacking genetic differentiation and behavioral antagonism) were only present in urban habitats, suggesting T. sessile can only achieve unicoloniality within urbanized areas. Finally, we identified strong differentiation between urban and natural populations in each locality and continent-wide, indicating cities may restrict gene flow and exert intense selection pressure. Overall, our study highlights urbanization's influence in charting the evolutionary course for species.

scholarly journals FULLY AUTOMATIC FEATURE-BASED REGISTRATION OF MOBILE MAPPING AND AERIAL NADIR IMAGES FOR ENABLING THE ADJUSTMENT OF MOBILE PLATFORM LOCATIONS IN GNSS-DENIED URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-1/W1 ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jende ◽  
F. Nex ◽  
M. Gerke ◽  
G. Vosselman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Correct Orientation ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Mobile Mapping (MM) has gained significant importance in the realm of high-resolution data acquisition techniques. MM is able to record georeferenced street-level data in a continuous (laser scanners) and/or discrete (cameras) fashion. MM’s georeferencing relies on a conjunction of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and optionally on odometry sensors. While this technique does not pose a problem for absolute positioning in open areas, its reliability and accuracy may be diminished in urban areas where high-rise buildings and other tall objects can obstruct the direct line-of-sight between the satellite and the receiver unit. Consequently, multipath measurements or complete signal outages impede the MM platform’s localisation and may affect the accurate georeferencing of collected data. This paper presents a technique to recover correct orientation parameters for MM imaging platforms by utilising aerial images as an external georeferencing source. This is achieved by a fully automatic registration strategy which takes into account the overall differences between aerial and MM data, such as scale, illumination, perspective and content. Based on these correspondences, MM data can be verified and/or corrected by using an adjustment solution. The registration strategy is discussed and results in a success rate of about 95 %.

The Hydrological Observatory of Mexico City (OH-IIUNAM): a unique setup for hydrological research within large urban environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Pedrozo-Acuña ◽  
José Agustín Breña-Naranjo ◽  
Julio César Soriano-Monzalvo ◽  
Jorge Blanco-Figueroa ◽  
Jorge Magos-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Information And Communication

<p>The emergence of high-resolution observational tools, information and communication technologies, cloud computing and big data are disrupting the water sector in an unprecedented way. In the field of hydrological sciences, research calls aimed at observing, backcasting and forecasting terrestrial water resources at finer space-time resolutions have been made over the past years by the scientific community. Here, we introduce the Hydrological Observatory of Mexico City (OH-IIUNAM), an academic initiative consisting of a dense network of 55 state-of-the-art precipitation sensors (optical disdrometers and weighing rain gauges) located within Mexico City, one of the largest urban centers of the world. The objective of OH-IIUNAM, given its open-data philosophy, is to enable scientific research within urban environments by providing a real-time hydro-meteorological observational platform at the hyper-resolution (dt=1 minute). Potential niches of opportunity ranging from atmospheric processes to hydrological modeling and design in urban areas are envisaged and discussed. Future expansion phases of OH-IIUNAM are expected to incorporate streamflow, groundwater and water quality.</p><p>HTML aquí.</p>

scholarly journals Cadastral Information and Erosion Modeling for Monitoring Gullies in Mpazi Catchment Area, Kigali City

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P Bizimana, ◽  
E Ndahigwa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
The Government

Due to the lack of sediment load monitoring system, erosion model calibration is challenging in Rwanda. Based on the reports of parcels boundaries corrections from Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority, there are quite consistent losses of land due to gullies development in Mpazi River watershed. This study analysed the possibility of integrating cadastral information, erosion and hydrological modelling data for identifying potential gullies development in hilly urban area of Mpazi catchment. The orthophoto of 2008 coupled with ancillary data were used to delineate the shifts of parcel boundaries from 2012 to 2016. Hydrological modelling based on DEM was also applied to investigate geo-physical characteristics and potential gullies. The differential GPS was used to locate the potential gullies that were then uploaded into GIS. Gullies intersecting with rectified parcels boundary were measured with tape meter. The gully length was measured using hydrological modelling tools and GPS coordinates captured during the field verification. The results showed that gully system expanded from 7.5 to 20 meters while neighboring parcels shift was between 3 and 12.5 meters. The highest average rate of soil loss ranged between 100 and 150 tons/ha/year. The research findings from this study are salient for policy- and decision-makers who need to review the current land and environment policies and laws so that gully erosion can be assigned appropriate mitigation measures for ecologically sustainable management of hilly urban landscapes within Kigali City. More periodic data are required to feed the model and validating this approach brings the government institutions’ responsibility. The developed methodology has the potential to quantify the gully systems in urban context with scarce hydrological, soil and geomorphological data availability and where urban planning and environmental protection are constrained by limited financial and human resources. Keywords: Cadastral Maintenance Data, Erosion Modelling, Gully, Urban Areas

scholarly journals Changes in the home range sizes of terrestrial vertebrates in response to urban disturbance: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate O’Donnell ◽  
Javier delBarco-Trillo
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Spatial Movement

Abstract The unprecedented growth rate in human population and the increasing movement of people to urban areas is causing a rapid increase in urbanisation globally. Urban environments may restrict or affect the behaviour of many animal species. Importantly, urban populations may change their spatial movement, particularly decreasing their home ranges in response to habitat fragmentation, the presence of landscape barriers and the availability and density of resources. Several species-specific studies suggest that urban animals decrease their home ranges compared with their non-urban counterparts; however, it remained unclear whether this pattern is widespread across taxa or is instead restricted to specific taxonomic groups. Consequently, we conducted a meta-analysis, collecting 41 sets of data comparing home ranges in both natural and urban environments in 32 species of reptiles, birds and mammals. We calculated effect sizes as the difference in animal home range sizes between natural and urban environments. We found that the home ranges were smaller in urban environments compared with natural environments (mean effect size = −0.844), and we observed a similar result when considering birds and mammals separately. We also found that home range sizes were not significantly affected when disturbance in urban areas was minimal, which suggests that many species may be able to tolerate low levels of disturbance without changing their movement patterns. Our study thus indicates that increasing levels of urbanisation restrict the spatial movement of species across taxa; this information is relevant for ecological studies of further urban species as well as for the development of management strategies for urban populations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Key Security Issues Associated with Mobile Money Systems in Uganda

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guma Ali ◽  
Mussa Ally Dida ◽  
Anael Elikana Sam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Government

Smartphone technology has improved access to mobile money services (MMS) and successful mobile money deployment has brought massive benefits to the unbanked population in both rural and urban areas of Uganda. Despite its enormous benefits, embracing the usage and acceptance of mobile money has mostly been low due to security issues and challenges associated with the system. As a result, there is a need to carry out a survey to evaluate the key security issues associated with mobile money systems in Uganda. The study employed a descriptive research design, and stratified random sampling technique to group the population. Krejcie and Morgan’s formula was used to determine the sample size for the study. The collection of data was through the administration of structured questionnaires, where 741 were filled by registered mobile money (MM) users, 447 registered MM agents, and 52 mobile network operators’ (MNOs) IT officers of the mobile money service providers (MMSPs) in Uganda. The collected data were analyzed using RStudio software. Statistical techniques like descriptive analysis and Pearson Chi-Square test was used in data analysis and mean (M) > 3.0 and p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The findings revealed that the key security issues are identity theft, authentication attack, phishing attack, vishing attack, SMiShing attack, personal identification number (PIN) sharing, and agent-driven fraud. Based on these findings, the use of better access controls, customer awareness campaigns, agent training on acceptable practices, strict measures against fraudsters, high-value transaction monitoring by the service providers, developing a comprehensive legal document to run mobile money service, were some of the proposed mitigation measures. This study, therefore, provides a baseline survey to help MNO and the government that would wish to implement secure mobile money systems.

Flood alleviation in a heavily urbanized area – Kai Tak Nullah, Hong Kong

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. L. Chan ◽  
Colin K. C. Wong ◽  
Robin H. N. Lee ◽  
Mike W. H. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Modelling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
Development Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exercise Design

The existing Kai Tak Nullah flows from Po Kong Village Road along Choi Hung Road and Tung Tau Estate into Kai Tak Development Area before discharging into the Victoria Harbour. Historically its upstream has been subject to flooding under storm conditions and this has had serious repercussions for the adjacent urban areas. A study has been commissioned by the Drainage Services Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China to investigate the flood mechanisms and to provide flood alleviation measures by improving the capacity of the Kai Tak Nullah. In addition to flood alleviation, there is a strong public aspiration to rehabilitate the Kai Tak Nullah by a comparatively natural river design. Since the Kai Tak Nullah is located within a heavily urbanized area, traffic and environmental impacts are also highly concerned. The final flood alleviation scheme has thus had to strike a balance among the aforesaid factors with assistance from the hydraulic modelling utilizing InfoWorks Collection Systems (CS) software. This paper presents the public engagement exercise, design considerations, methodologies, and recommendations regarding the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the Kai Tak Nullah.

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