scholarly journals Biofuel from hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil over Ni-Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst

2022 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
Lenny Marlinda ◽  
Danawati Hari Prajitno ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi ◽  
Ignatius Gunardi ◽  
Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

The effects of reaction temperature on the hydrocarbon composition of biofuel produced in hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil with Ni-Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst were investigated. The incipient wetness impregnation method was applied to prepare the Ni-Zn/HZSM-5 catalysts. Furthermore, the properties of catalysts were measured by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrometry, and nitrogen physisorption. Hydrocracking process was carried out in Parr USA pressure batch reactor at pressure of 20 � 5 bar after flowing H2 for 1 h. The reaction with a catalyst/oil ratio of 1 g/150 mL proceeded at various temperatures of 350, 375 and 400 �C for 2 h. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was�used to analyze biofuel. The most abundant hydrocarbon compounds in biofuel were identified as pentadecane and heptadecane (a major diesel fuel compound) with a different amount at different reaction temperatures. It can be said that the hydrodecarboxylation/decarbonylation routes were the predominant reaction pathways and oxygen removal occurred during hydrocracking. The Cerbera manghas oil can be recommended as a promising biofeed to produce the gasoil as an alternative transportation fuel.

scholarly journals Hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas Oil with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as Double Promoted Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danawati Hari Prajitno ◽  
Lenny Marlinda ◽  
Muhammad Al-Muttaqii ◽  
Ignatius Gunardi ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Rich Mixture ◽  
Metals Loading ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

The effect of various reaction temperature on the hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil to produce a paraffin-rich mixture of hydrocarbons with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as doubled promoted catalyst were studied. The Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst with various metal loading and metal ratio was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, AAS, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume of catalysts decreased with the increasing of metals loading. The hydrocracking process was conducted under hydrogen initial pressure in batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 300-375 oC for 2 h.  Depending on the experimental condition, the reaction pressure changed between 10 bar and 15 bar.   Several parameters were used to evaluate biofuel produced, including oxygen removal, hydrocarbon composition and gasoline/kerosene/diesel yields. Biofuel was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The composition of hydrocarbon compounds in liquid products was similar to the compounds in the gasoil sold in unit of Pertamina Gas Stations, namely pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, and nonadecane with different amounts for each biofuel produced at different reaction temperatures. However, isoparaffin compounds were not formed at all operating conditions. Pentadecane (n-C15) and heptadecane (n-C17) were the most abundant composition in gasoil when Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was used. Cerbera Manghas oil can be recommended as the source of non-edible vegetable oil to produce gasoil as an environmentally friendly transportation fuel. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 20th May 2016; Revised: 30th January 2017; Accepted: 10th February 2017How to Cite: Prajitno, D.H., Roesyadi, A., Al-Muttaqii, M., Marlinda, L., Gunardi, I. (2017). Hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas Oil with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as Double Promoted Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (2): 167-184 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.496.167-184)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.496.167-184

scholarly journals Bio-kerosene and Bio-gasoil from Coconut Oils via Hydrocracking Process over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al-Muttaqii ◽  
Firman Kurniawansyah ◽  
Danawati Hari Prajitno ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

In this study, hydrocracking of coconut oil over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was carried out in a batch reactor under different reaction temperature. Coconut oil is proposed as one of the potential feedstock for biofuel production. The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The characterization of Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDAX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The chemical composition of biofuel was analyzed by Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results from the GC-MS analysis showed that the hydrocracking reaction over 10 % (Ni-Fe)/HZSM-5 catalyst at temperature of 375 oC obtained the highest hydrocarbon content (contained 49.4% n-paraffin, 26.93 % isoparaffin, 3.58 % olefin) and the highest yield of bio-gasoil 38.6 % in the biofuel liquid hydrocarbon. Pentadecane (n-C15) and heptadecane (n-C17) were the most abundant hydrocarbon compounds in biofuel liquid hydrocarbon. Decarboxylation and/or decarbonylation was the dominant reaction pathways in this process. Based on the result, the reaction temperature had a significant effect on the distribution of biofuel composition and yield of biofuel from coconut oil. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals Production of Biofuel via Catalytic Hydrocracking of Kapuk (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil with NiMo/HZSM-5 Catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 06001 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Andy Andika Parahita ◽  
Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti ◽  
Ignatius Gunardi ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi ◽  
Danawati Hari Prajitno
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Hydrocracking Process

Biofuel is one of alternative energy that is being developed today to solve the problem of limited fossil fuel as an energy source. The goal of this study is to produce biofuel from kapuk (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil (KSO) through catalytic hydrocracking process using NiMo/HZSM-5 catalyst. NiMo/HZSM-5 catalyst was obtained by impregnation of nickel and molybdenum as metallic precursors on HZSM-5 catalyst as support using incipient wetness impregnation method. It was found that the surface area of the catalyst was 222.1350 m2/g, the pore diameter was 3.0148 nm and the pore volume was 0.1674 cm3/g. The diffraction peaks of nickel oxide phase and the metallic phase of nickel were observed at 2θ of 62.5102° and 51.7283°. Molybdenum oxide phases were observed at 2θ of 53.5674° and 60.4682°. The catalytic hydrocracking process was performed using slurry pressure batch reactor at the temperature of 350°C for 2 h. The obtained liquid product was analyzed using GC-MS in order to determine the organic content. It has been found that the highest compounds were the palmitic acid with 23.14 area%. Besides, the hydrocarbon composition consisted of 33.93 area% (i.e. 4.34 area% cycloparaffins, 16.02 area% n-paraffins, 12.26 area% olefins, and 1.30 area% of aromatics) and 58.73 area% of carboxylic acid. Thus, it can be concluded that NiMo/HZSM-5 catalyst can convert KSO into biofuel through catalytic hydrocracking process at the temperature of 350°C for 2 h.

scholarly journals The Production of Green Diesel Rich Pentadecane (C15) from Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Waste Cooking Oil using Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2-ZrO2

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Momodou Salieu Sowe ◽  
Arda Rista Lestari ◽  
Eka Novitasari ◽  
Masruri Masruri ◽  
Siti Mariyah Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Green Diesel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Isotherm Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is applied in fuel processing technology to convert bio-oils to green diesel with metal-based catalysts. The major challenges to this process are feedstock, catalyst preparation, and the production of oxygen-free diesel fuel. In this study, we aimed to synthesize Ni catalysts supported on silica-zirconia and alumina-zirconia binary oxides and evaluated their catalytic activity for waste cooking oil (WCO) hydrodeoxygenation to green diesel. Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 were synthesized by wet-impregnation and hydrodeoxygenation of WCO was done using a modified batch reactor. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and N2 isotherm adsorption-desorption analysis. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed the formation of hydrocarbon framework n-C15 generated from the use of Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 with the selectivity of 68.97% after a 2 h reaction. Prolonged reaction into 4 h, decreased the selectivity to 58.69%. Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalyst at 2 h showed selectivity of 55.39% to n-C15. Conversely, it was observed that the reaction for 4 h increased selectivity to 65.13%. Overall, Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalysts produced oxygen-free green diesel range (n-C14-C18) enriched with n-C15 hydrocarbon. Reaction time influenced the selectivity to n-C15 hydrocarbon. Both catalysts showed promising hydrodeoxygenation activity via the hydrodecarboxylation pathway. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

Z-Scheme over all Water Splitting on Rh/K4Nb6O17 Nanosheets Photocatalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Hsin Yu Lin ◽  
Yu Lin Ye
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray

Developing a photocatalysis system to generate hydrogen from water is a topic of great interest for fundamental and practical importance. In this study, hydrogen production by a new Z-scheme photocatalysis water splitting system was examined over Rh modified K4Nb6O17 nanosheets and Pt/WO3 photocatalysts for H2 evolution and O2 evolution with I-/IO3- electron mediator under UV light irradiation. The H2 evolution photocatalyst, Rh/K4Nb6O17 nanosheets with a slit like framework, was prepared by exfoliation of and proton exchange reaction. Pt/WO3 prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation method was used as O2 evolution photocatalyst. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). These catalysts characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). In this study, we developed a facile method of preparing K4Nb6O17 nanosheets containing Rh nanoparticles. Our results show that I- concentration and pH of reaction solution significantly influenced the photocatalytic activity. The combination of Rh modified K4Nb6O17 nanosheets with Pt/WO3 achieves a very high photoactivity (H2: 4240 O2: 1622 (μmol g-1 h-1)).

scholarly journals Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 Catalyst for Gasoil Range Hydrocarbon Production by Catalytic Hydrocracking of Ceiba pentandra oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti ◽  
Firman Kurniawansyah ◽  
Danawati Hari Prayitno ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Metal Ratio

Biofuel from vegetable oil becomes one of the most suitable and logical alternatives to replace fossil fuel. The research focused on various metal ratio Zinc/Molybdenum/HZSM-5 (Zn-Mo/HZSM-5) catalyst to produce liquid hydrocarbon via catalytic hydrocracking of Ceiba penandra oil. The catalytic hydrocracking process has been applied in this study to crack Ceiba pentandra oil into a gasoil range hydrocarbon using Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 as a catalyst. The effect of various reaction temperature on the catalytic hydrocracking of Ceiba pentandra oil were studied. The Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst with metal ratio was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. This process used slurry pressure batch reactor with a mechanical stirrer. A series of experiments were carried out in the temperature range from 300-400 oC for 2 h at pressure between 10-15 bar. The conversion and selectivity were estimated. The liquid hydrocarbon product were identified to gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil. The results show that the use of Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 can produce gas oil as the most component in the product. Overall, the highest conversion and selectivity of gas oil range hydrocarbon was obtained when the ZnMo/HZSM-5 metal ratio was Zn(2.86 wt.%)-Mo(5.32 wt.%)/HZSM-5 and the name is Zn-Mo/HZSM-5_102. The highest conversion was obtained at 63.31 % and n-paraffin (gas oil range) selectivity was obtained at 90.75 % at a temperature of 400 oC. Ceiba pentandra oil can be recommended as the source of inedible vegetable oil to produce gasoil as an environmentally friendly transportation fuel. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 8th September 2017; Revised: 9th September 2017; Accepted: 17th September 2017; Available online: 22nd January 2018; Published regularly: 2nd April 2018How to Cite: Mirzayanti, Y.W., Kurniawansyah, F., Prajitno, D.H., Roesyadi, A. (2018). Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 Catalyst for Gasoil Range Hydrocarbon Production by Catalytic Hydrocracking of Ceiba pentandra oil. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (1): 136-143 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.1.1354.136-143) 

Synthesis of Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Co/SiO2 Catalysts by Sol-Gel Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 620-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jittima Junsawat ◽  
Nichakan Phumthiean ◽  
Payoon Senthongkaew ◽  
Supakit Achiwawanich
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ordered Macroporous ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

A preparation of novel cobalt-based catalyst on three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) silica supporter using poly (methyl methacrylate) monolith as a template has been studied. Monodispersed PMMA colloids were synthesized via an emulsion polymerization, resulting in PMMA spheres with the diameter of 390-400 nm. Two processes were employed for the 3DOM Co/SiO2catalyst fabrications, a single-stage sol-gel synthesis (SG) and incipient wetness impregnation method (IM) on synthesized 3DOM SiO2. Both catalysts were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and specific surface area analysis. The XRD and XAS results showed that the doped Co in the 3DOM Co/SiO2(SG) were the mix phase of Co(NO3)2and Co3O4, while, only Co3O4was found in the 3DOM Co/SiO2(IM). The SEM micrographs revealed that both catalysts feature periodic macroporous structure with mean pore diameter of 300-350 nm. Specific surface area of the 3DOM Co/SiO2(IM) and the 3DOM Co/SiO2(SG) catalysts are 195 m2/g and 286 m2/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Tungsten Oxide-Modified SSZ-13 Zeolite as an Efficient Catalyst for Ethylene-To-Propylene Reaction

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Mansurbek Urol ugli Abdullaev ◽  
Sungjune Lee ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Chul-Ung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Propylene Selectivity ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Among the zeolitic catalysts for the ethylene-to-propylene (ETP) reaction, the SSZ-13 zeolite shows the highest catalytic activity based on both its suitable pore architecture and tunable acidity. In this study, in order to improve the propylene selectivity further, the surface of the SSZ-13 zeolite was modified with various amounts of tungsten oxide ranging from 1 wt% to 15 wt% via a simple incipient wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized with several analysis techniques, specifically, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and N2 sorption, and their catalytic activities were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor system. The tungsten oxide-modified SSZ-13 catalysts demonstrated significantly improved propylene selectivity and yield compared to the parent H-SSZ-13 catalyst. For the tungsten oxide loading, 10 wt% loading showed the highest propylene yield of 64.9 wt%, which was 6.5 wt% higher than the pristine H-SSZ-13 catalyst. This can be related to not only the milder and decreased strong acid sites but also the diffusion restriction of bulky byproducts, as supported by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) observation.

Study on Influence of Silicate Morphology Based on pH Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Ya Jing Liu ◽  
Yong Lin Cao ◽  
Li Xia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Stability

Infra-red absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction observations and characterization tests based on silicon molybdenum colorimetric method were used to investigate the optimal pH value controlling the stability of the silicic acid form. The experiment process was done by using sodium silicate as raw material. The results showed that the solution of silicate influenced the polymerization. The active silicic acid solution with a certain degree of polymerization was obtained by controlling the pH values.

scholarly journals Quasi-Isostructural Co(II) and Ni(II) Complexes with Mefenamato Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Gacki ◽  
Karolina Kafarska ◽  
Anna Pietrzak ◽  
Izabela Korona-Głowniak ◽  
Wojciech M. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Hirshfeld Surface ◽  
Polymeric Chain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Intermolecular Contacts ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Three metal complexes of mefenamato ligand 1 were synthesized: [Co2(mef)4(EtOH)2(H2O)4]: 2; [Co(mef)2(MeOH)4]∙2MeOH: 3; and [Ni(mef)2(MeOH)4]∙2MeOH: 4. Their compositions and properties were investigated by elemental analysis (EA), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Crystal structures were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Additionally, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were established, thus proving good/moderate bioactivity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. In the crystal structure of 2, an apical water molecule is shared between two adjacent cobalt(II) ions, resulting in the formation of a polymeric chain extending along the [100] direction. Meanwhile, structures 3 and 4 have strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds with diverse topologies that yield unique quasi-isostructural arrangements. The packing topology is reflected by the Hirshfeld surface analysis of intermolecular contacts.

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