scholarly journals Desempeño relativo de la productividad física de la ganadería de Nueva Zelanda y Uruguay, 1870-2010

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-144
Author(s):  
Jorge Álvarez Scanniello
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Technological Trajectories ◽  
Synthetic Indicators ◽  
Technological Trajectory ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
Grassland Productivity ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Livestock Productivity

In the nineteenth century, New Zealand and Uruguay were new European settler societies and rich in natural resources. Both countries engaged with the world economy as producers and exporters of livestock products. However, these countries exhibited divergent long-term development. The aim of this article is to identify the main historical tendencies associated with the relative physical productivity of livestock in both countries and to understand convergent-divergent processes in light of their technological trajectories. The main synthetic indicators used in agrarian sciences, such as Livestock Units and Meat Equivalents, are reviewed and a series of corrections that account for the specific features of each agrarian system is proposed for the usual aggregation methods. The technological trajectories that affected livestock productivity growth are also compared. The main results indicate that Uruguayan livestock production fell behind that of New Zealand due to the technological trajectory followed by each country. In the nineteenth century, Uruguay had very favourable natural conditions for livestock production. It did not develop technologies to improve soil and land productivity until the second half of the twentieth century. In contrast, New Zealand began to improve grassland productivity during the nineteenth century in order to increase and diversify livestock production.

scholarly journals THE STATE AND FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Ilgizar Gaynutdinov ◽  
Farit Mukhametgaliev ◽  
Fayaz Avhadiev
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
The State ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The state and level of development of livestock industries depend on internal (availability of basic production funds, material and labor resources, the level of technological and technical support, etc.) and external factors (the state of the country's economy, fluctuations in market conditions, the solvency of the population, natural resources, economic and political stability, etc.). The effectiveness of livestock industries and the level of their development are determined by a favorable combination of internal and external factors, with their rational use. The research aims to study and analyze the state and level of development of animal husbandry industries in the Russian Federation and abroad, with further identification of areas for improving efficiency and developing recommendations for their further development. As of 2019, compared to the pre-reform period (1990), the number of livestock of agricultural animals in the Russian Federation has sharply decreased: cattle (cattle) - by 3 times, including cows-by 2.6 times, pigs-by 1.5 times, sheep and goats-by 2.6 times. This led to a decrease in the density of livestock per 100 hectares of agricultural land, which reduces the efficiency of land use, including hayfields and pastures. On the territories of the Russian Federation, there are quite a lot of natural forage lands, which, with reasonable specialization and territorial placement of livestock industries, can increase the efficiency of their use. The lack of a unified policy to improve the sustainability of agroecological systems and their effective use in the country does not allow us to reach the pre-reform level of livestock production. For the period from 2010 to 2019, beef production decreased by 6.7%, and milk production by 0.5 %. For meat and meat products, the actual production volumes are above the established threshold of food security, and for milk and dairy products, this level has not yet been reached. So, by 2019, taking into account reserves, the share of domestic production was 83.1 % (with a threshold value of 90 %), and the share of imports was 16.9 %. All this dictates the need to study internal and external factors affecting the development of livestock industries, identify internal reserves and, on this basis, increase production volumes, and ensure competitiveness in the foreign market. In the world market of livestock production, the leading positions are occupied by such industrialized countries as the United States, Canada, Northern Europe, Australia, New Zealand. The analysis of the state of development of animal husbandry in these countries allows us to conclude that the growth of livestock production and livestock productivity was promoted by taking into account and combining internal and external factors - the use of industrial industrial technologies (dairy cattle breeding), taking into account natural factors (meat cattle breeding). The use of cheap sources of natural forage land and climatic conditions that allow for the production of livestock products in some of these countries (Australia, New Zealand, some US states) without the construction of capital livestock buildings makes it possible to obtain cheap, high-quality and competitive products. Taking into account the experience of foreign countries, taking into account the possibilities of agroecological systems, it is necessary to choose the right specialization of livestock industries and on this basis to increase the production volumes and efficiency of livestock products

scholarly journals "Whither Shall We Send Our Son?": A Prosopographical Analysis of Remittance Men in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-48
Author(s):  
Helen Vivien Louise Leggatt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Excel Spreadsheet ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation

This article represents a unique exploration of the creation and lived experiences of British gentlemen exiled by family to the colonies during the nineteenth century. Known as remittance men, they constituted a small but consistent migrant type to British settler societies, and later became the subject of popular mythology. Remittance men have remained but footnotes in New Zealand historiography and their presence deserves greater scrutiny. Through prosopographical analysis, my research expands current knowledge of the historical contexts in which their identities were forged, and adds their stories to New Zealand's current historiography of the nation's early immigrants. Note: As part of this research, the author created an Excel spreadsheet containing data analysed for this article. Individuals interested in viewing the data should write and request a copy from the author via [email protected]

Conservation of animal genetic resources: approaches and technologies for in situ and ex situ conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Woolliams ◽  
O. Matika ◽  
J. Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Livestock Products

SummaryLivestock production faces major challenges through the coincidence of major drivers of change, some with conflicting directions. These are:1. An unprecedented global change in demands for traditional livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs.2. Large changes in the demographic and regional distribution of these demands.3. The need to reduce poverty in rural communities by providing sustainable livelihoods.4. The possible emergence of new agricultural outputs such as bio-fuels making a significant impact upon traditional production systems.5. A growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production.6. The uncertainty in the scale and impact of climate change. This paper explores these challenges from a scientific perspective in the face of the large-scale and selective erosion of our animal genetic resources, and concludes thai there is a stronger and more urgent need than ever before to secure the livestock genetic resources available to humankind through a comprehensive global conservation programme.

scholarly journals Rethinking nineteenth-century literary culture: British worlds, southern latitudes and hemispheric methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 002198942098201
Author(s):  
Sarah Comyn ◽  
Porscha Fermanis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Indigenous Studies ◽  
Literary Cultures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Canons ◽  
Methodological Position

Drawing on hemispheric, oceanic, and southern theory approaches, this article argues for the value of considering the nineteenth-century literary cultures of the southern settler colonies of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa from within an interconnected frame of analysis. First, because of their distinctive historical and structural conditions; second, because of the density of their interregional networks and relations across intersecting oceanic spaces; and third, because of the long history of racialized imperialist imaginaries of the south. This methodological position rethinks current approaches to “British world” studies in two important ways: first, by decoupling the southern settler colonies from studies of settler colonialism in North America; and second, by rebalancing its metropolitan and northern locus by considering south-south networks and relations across a complex of southern islands, oceans, and continents. Without suggesting either that imperial intercultural exchanges with Britain are unimportant or that there is a culturally homogenous body of pan-southern writing, we argue that nineteenth-century literary culture from colonial Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa — what we call a “southern archive” — can provide a counterbalance to northern biases and provide new purchase on nation-centred literary paradigms — one that reveals not just south-south transnational exchanges and structural homologies between southern genres, themes, and forms, but also allows us to acknowledge the important challenges to foundational accounts of national literary canons initiated by southern theory and Indigenous studies scholars.

Protecting the Empire's Humanity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë Laidlaw
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
British Colonialism

Rooted in the extraordinary archive of Quaker physician and humanitarian activist, Dr Thomas Hodgkin, this book explores the efforts of the Aborigines' Protection Society to expose Britain's hypocrisy and imperial crimes in the mid-nineteenth century. Hodgkin's correspondents stretched from Liberia to Lesotho, New Zealand to Texas, Jamaica to Ontario, and Bombay to South Australia; they included scientists, philanthropists, missionaries, systematic colonizers, politicians and indigenous peoples themselves. Debating the best way to protect and advance indigenous rights in an era of burgeoning settler colonialism, they looked back to the lessons and limitations of anti-slavery, lamented the imperial government's disavowal of responsibility for settler colonies, and laid out elaborate (and patronizing) plans for indigenous 'civilization'. Protecting the Empire's Humanity reminds us of the complexity, contradictions and capacious nature of British colonialism and metropolitan 'humanitarianism', illuminating the broad canvas of empire through a distinctive set of British and Indigenous campaigners.

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