THE STATE AND FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

The state and level of development of livestock industries depend on internal (availability of basic production funds, material and labor resources, the level of technological and technical support, etc.) and external factors (the state of the country's economy, fluctuations in market conditions, the solvency of the population, natural resources, economic and political stability, etc.). The effectiveness of livestock industries and the level of their development are determined by a favorable combination of internal and external factors, with their rational use. The research aims to study and analyze the state and level of development of animal husbandry industries in the Russian Federation and abroad, with further identification of areas for improving efficiency and developing recommendations for their further development. As of 2019, compared to the pre-reform period (1990), the number of livestock of agricultural animals in the Russian Federation has sharply decreased: cattle (cattle) - by 3 times, including cows-by 2.6 times, pigs-by 1.5 times, sheep and goats-by 2.6 times. This led to a decrease in the density of livestock per 100 hectares of agricultural land, which reduces the efficiency of land use, including hayfields and pastures. On the territories of the Russian Federation, there are quite a lot of natural forage lands, which, with reasonable specialization and territorial placement of livestock industries, can increase the efficiency of their use. The lack of a unified policy to improve the sustainability of agroecological systems and their effective use in the country does not allow us to reach the pre-reform level of livestock production. For the period from 2010 to 2019, beef production decreased by 6.7%, and milk production by 0.5 %. For meat and meat products, the actual production volumes are above the established threshold of food security, and for milk and dairy products, this level has not yet been reached. So, by 2019, taking into account reserves, the share of domestic production was 83.1 % (with a threshold value of 90 %), and the share of imports was 16.9 %. All this dictates the need to study internal and external factors affecting the development of livestock industries, identify internal reserves and, on this basis, increase production volumes, and ensure competitiveness in the foreign market. In the world market of livestock production, the leading positions are occupied by such industrialized countries as the United States, Canada, Northern Europe, Australia, New Zealand. The analysis of the state of development of animal husbandry in these countries allows us to conclude that the growth of livestock production and livestock productivity was promoted by taking into account and combining internal and external factors - the use of industrial industrial technologies (dairy cattle breeding), taking into account natural factors (meat cattle breeding). The use of cheap sources of natural forage land and climatic conditions that allow for the production of livestock products in some of these countries (Australia, New Zealand, some US states) without the construction of capital livestock buildings makes it possible to obtain cheap, high-quality and competitive products. Taking into account the experience of foreign countries, taking into account the possibilities of agroecological systems, it is necessary to choose the right specialization of livestock industries and on this basis to increase the production volumes and efficiency of livestock products

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Scientific support and advanced research in dairy farming in the Russian Federation

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202128202001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 282 ◽

pp. 02001

Author(s):

Tatiana Marinchenko

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Dairy Farming ◽

Output Growth ◽

The State ◽

Scientific Support ◽

Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Livestock Products

Increasing the output of agricultural products and improving their quality is one of the most important tasks of ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation. The solution to this problem is impossible without the introduction of up-to-date technologies that ensure the competitiveness and output growth, which are the result of scientific research and development. The basis for increasing the efficiency of dairy farming and, as a consequence, increasing milk production is the genetic improvement of the breeding base. The organization of selection and breeding work based on the use of our own genetic resources is a strategic task of the industry, which allows increasing the output of livestock products, reducing the technological import dependence of animal husbandry and minimizing the risk of the introduction of infectious diseases into the country. At the same time, the breeding base of dairy cattle breeding is on average 13.8% of the total livestock in the Russian Federation. The breeding progress is ensured by agricultural organizations, in which less than half of the total head of cows is concentrated. They are also the main consumers of research and development results. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of the industry and its scientific potential, as well as formulate proposals for improving scientific support to create conditions for solving the tasks set by the state.

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СОСТОЯНИЕ МЯСНОГО СКОТОВОДСТВА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: реалии и перспективы

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2020.40.30.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I.M. DUNIN ◽

S.E. TYAPUGIN ◽

R.K. MESHCHEROV ◽

V.P. HODYKOV ◽

V.K. ADZHIBEKOV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Russian Federation ◽

The State ◽

Comprehensive Assessment ◽

Sales Volume ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Almost All ◽

Further Development

Рассмотрены состояние и перспективы развития мясного скотоводства в Российской Федерации. Проведен мониторинг численности поголовья, породного состава и продуктивности мясного крупного рогатого скота во всех категориях хозяйств, изучены масштабы и объемы бонитировки скота за 20102018 годы. По данным Минсельхоза России, в 2018 году поголовье крупного рогатого скота в стране составило более 18 млн голов, в том числе численность животных специализированных мясных пород во всех категориях хозяйств достигла 2,26 млн голов. Комплексная оценка 711,16 тыс. голов, или 34,1 от общей численности мясного скота, в том числе 389,8 тыс. коров, принадлежащих к 15 породам и типам, разводимым в 57 регионах Российской Федерации показала, что наибольшее подконтрольное поголовье имеют абердин ангусская порода (417545 гол.), калмыцкая (137262 гол.), герефордская (87278 гол.) и казахская белоголовая породы (52563 гол.). Все подконтрольное поголовье животных является чистопородным и IV поколения, в том числе 99,7 быков-производителей и 99,3 коров. Анализ живой массы пробонитированного поголовья выявил тенденцию к ее повышению у коров всех возрастов в среднем на 54 кг, быков производителей на 39 кг, или на 16,7 и 5,2 за последние 9 лет, соответственно. Живая масса коров по итогам 2018 года в среднем составила 546 кг, быков-производителей 791 кг. По состоянию на 1.01.2019 года, племенная база мясного скотоводства страны представлена 270 племенными стадами, в том числе 46 племенными заводами и 224 племенными репродукторами. В 2018 году в различные категории хозяйств из племенных предприятий было продано 35517 голов племенного молодняка, в том числе 6388 ремонтных бычка с классами элита и элита-рекорд (85,3). В 2018 году было продано племенного молодняка в расчете на 100 коров галловейской породы 33,0 головы, казахской белоголовой 29,1 герефордской 28,0 калмыцкой 22,2 лимузинской 15,5 абердин ангусской 8,8 русской комолой 8,2 и симментальской мясной 4,7 голов. На основании мониторинга состояния мясного скотоводства страны за 20102018 годы были намечены перспективы дальнейшего развития.The article considers the state and prospects of development of beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation. The number of livestock, breed composition and productivity of beef cattle in all categories of farms was monitored, the scale and volumes of bonding of cattle for the studied 9-year period (20102018) were studied. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, in 2018 the number of cattle in the country amounted to more than 18 million heads, including the number of cattle of specialized meat breeds in all categories of farms reached 2.26 million heads. A comprehensive assessment of the number of livestock in the amount of 711.16 thousand animals or 34.1 of the total number of beef cattle, including: cows 389.8 thousand heads belonging to 15 breeds and types bred in 57 regions of the Russian Federation, showed that the largest controlled livestock are: Aberdeen Angus breed 417545 animals, Kalmyk 1372726 animals, Hereford 87278 animals and Kazakh white-headed breed 52563 animals. Almost all of the controlled livestock of animals is purebred and IV generation, including: respectively 99.7 of bulls producers and 99.3 of cows. The analysis of live mass of a livestock revealed a tendency to its increase at cows of all age on average on 54 kg, bulls on 39 kgor for 16.7 and 5.2 for the last 9 years respectively. The live mass of cows following the results of 2018 averaged 546 kg, bulls 791 kg. As of January 1, 2019, the breeding base of beef cattle breeding in the country is represented by 270 breeding herds, including: 46 breeding plants and 224 breeding reproducers. In 2018, 35,517 heads of pedigree young animals were sold to various categories of farms from pedigree enterprises, including 6,388 repair bulls with elite classes and an elite record record for appraisal (85.3). An analysis of the sales volume of pedigree young animals in the context of farmed meat breeds showed that in 2018 pedigree young animals per 100 cows were sold in the country: Galloveian breed 33.0 goals, Kazakh white-headed 29.1 goals, Hereford 28, 0 goals., Kalmyk 22.2 goals., Limousin 15.5 goals., Aberdeen Angus 8.8 goals, Russian kolola 8.2 and Simmental meat 4.7 goals. Based on the monitoring of the state of beef cattle breeding in the country for the study period (20102018), prospects for further development were outlined.

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Kant's Future: Debates about the Identity of Kaliningrad Oblast

Slavic Review ◽

10.1017/slr.2018.291 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 937-956

Author(s):

Miłosz J. Zieliński

Keyword(s):

Identity Construction ◽

Russian Federation ◽

External Factors ◽

Russian Government ◽

Kaliningrad Oblast ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Post War ◽

Internal And External Factors ◽

Vladimir Putin ◽

The Village

This article addresses the role that the legacy of the pre- and post-WWII past has played in ongoing identity debates among the inhabitants of Kaliningrad oblast of the Russian Federation. Since 1991, interest in preserving this legacy has been on the rise, influencing the inhabitants’ feeling of regional distinctiveness in numerous ways. While the pre-war legacy is important for a considerable number of Kaliningraders, others believe that it threatens the Russian and Soviet mien of the Oblast, both in cultural and political terms. They favor taking greater care of Soviet-era buildings, monuments, and other commemorations of war heroes. This viewpoint disparity has recently widened due to both internal and external factors, including the deterioration of Russo-western relations. A March 2015 incident in the village of Veselovka is used to reflect upon the way in which pre-war and post-war legacies are used in the above-mentioned identity debate. The author examines the direction of identity construction in the oblast through the officially-acknowledged vision of Russianness as pursued by President Vladimir Putin, in particular, and the Russian government, in general.

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COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TAX SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Russian Journal of Management ◽

10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-2-141-145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 141-145

Author(s):

Daniil Il'yasov

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

External Factors ◽

European Countries ◽

Tax Rates ◽

Tax System ◽

The World ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

National Tax ◽

Internal And External Factors ◽

Comparative Description

The tax system in different countries of the world is developed taking into account the peculiarities of the economy of states, the tax culture of the citizens of this country, and other indicators that affect the formation of an effective tax system. The article presents a comparative description of the current tax system of the Russian Federation and a number of European countries, presents the main tax charges, tax rates, features of tax accounting, and also presents the mechanisms of tax administration. In many European countries, the tax system is formed based on internal and external factors. Despite the single European Union, each member country has its own distinctive characteristics of forming a national tax system.

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IMPROVING THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF CATTLE BY PREVENTING COPPER DEFICIENCY IN THE BODY

Innovatics and Expert Examination ◽

10.35264/1996-2274-2020-2-170-177 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 170-177

Author(s):

N.I. Erokhina ◽

L.A. Zernaeva

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Biological Effect ◽

Copper Deficiency ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

The Body ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽

The Russian Federation

In the dairy cattle breeding of the Russian Federation, there are unresolved problems associated with the reproduction of the herd, which significantly affect the economic component of this subsector of animal husbandry. One of the factors causing impaired reproductive function in animals is the lack of copper in the body. The presented materials indicate the importance of the prevention of copper deficiency in animals and further research in the field of the biological effect of this microelement on reproductive function.

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STATE LAW PROTECTION OF FOOD SECURITY IN RUSSIA

The rule-of-law state: theory and practice ◽

10.33184/pravgos-2020.3.17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 149-153

Author(s):

Елена Уматова

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Food Industry ◽

Food Products ◽

External Factors ◽

State Law ◽

Agricultural Economy ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Internal And External Factors ◽

Further Development

The relevance of the article is due to the need for further development of the agri-food industry of the Russian Federation, taking into account the useful experience of other countries. Attention is drawn to the growing importance of the analysis of internal and external factors that weaken the food security of the Russian Federation. A great dependence on imports of basic food products is shown, which reduces the level of food security of the country, exacerbates negative trends in the Russian agricultural economy.

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Formation of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation in the 1990s: Conditions and Dynamics

Administrative Consulting ◽

10.22394/1726-1139-2020-10-83-90 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

V. I. Bazhukov

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

Russian Federation ◽

External Factors ◽

Security Strategy ◽

The West ◽

National Interests ◽

National Security Strategy ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Creation ◽

Internal And External Factors

The characteristics of the creation of the National Security Strategy of Russian Federation during the first decade after the USSR collapse are considered in the article. The dynamics of its changes under the influence of internal and external factors are also analysed. Russia’s transition from a policy of solidarity with the West to defending national interests is explained in the paper.

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Sustainable Development of Dairy Cattle Breeding in Different Regions of the Russian Federation

The Journal of Social Sciences Research ◽

10.32861/jssr.spi5.290.295 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 290-295

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Federal District ◽

The State ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Stability

Despite the goals and guidelines of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Foodstuffs, adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation, dairy cattle breeding continue to decline. This is largely the result of a long production cycle in the industry, the difficulties with obtaining loans, the underdevelopment of the material and technical base of livestock and fodder production. Consequently, the sustainability of milk production in most regions remains low, although there are certain differences. To substantiate effective ways to develop dairy cattle breeding and increase its sustainability, it is necessary to highlight these regional differences, to determine the indicators for assessing the level and dynamics of the sustainability of production. For this purpose, statistical methods such as the method of statistical summary and grouping, the comparison method, the correlation analysis method, the cluster analysis method were used. It is proposed to methodically separate two concepts - the stability of the state and the sustainability of development. The first of these is proposed to be estimated by such an indicator as the coefficient of variation, the second by indicators - using the Spearman coefficient or the correlation index. In this article, the indicator of the stability of the state by the main factor for dairy cattle breeding has been determined - the yield of fodder crops by regions of the Central Federal District. As a result of the grouping in terms of the coefficient of variation in yields of cereal crops, which are the basis of the ration diet, the following regularity was obtained for the regions of the Central Federal District: the higher the yield of grain crops (in the regions of the Central Black Earth Region), the higher the production risk and the lower the production stability. This fact can serve as a justification for the need for more active implementation of anti-risk adaptive measures in dairy cattle farming in these regions, and also as a basis for providing appropriate measures to state policies to stimulate the development of the industry.

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