scholarly journals Phytosanitary condition of spring wheat crops depending on cultivation technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Vlasenko ◽  
O. V. Kulagin ◽  
M. T. Egorycheva ◽  
I. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
No Till

The paper presents the results of research into the formation of phytosanitary conditions for spring wheat crops grown with No-Till technology, compared to the traditional one, with regard to basic pests and diseases. The long-term stationary experiment was laid down in 2008 on leached сhernozem in the Central forest-steppe Ob agrolandscape district of Novosibirsk region. At the beginning of development of No-Till technology, plant residues decomposed on the soil surface almost completely, but after fi ve years of use, a mulch cover began to form, which did not decompose during the vegetative period. This affected the temperature dynamics of the upper soil layer. With No-Till technology it was 1.1-6.0 °C lower. This infl uenced settling of barley fl ea beetles in crops. On average, over the last 7 years of experiment, their number was 2.4 times lower in wheat crops grown with No-Till technology compared to traditional one. Damage of main shoots by intra-stem pests was 1.5 times, and lateral ones 1.4 times higher in wheat crops with traditional technology compared to No-Till. In contrast, presence of wheat thrips larvae in ears was 1.3 times higher when using No-Till compared to traditional technology. Despite the accumulation of plant residues on the soil surface, there was no signifi cant increase in the damage to plants by common root rot with No-Till technology. On average, when using No-Till technology wheat root system was affected by 1.8% more compared to the traditional one. The problem of root rot can be solved by including phytosanitary crops in the crop rotation, like oats and oil radish. There were no signifi cant differences in the development of leaf infections (Septoria blight, powdery mildew, brown rust) between both technologies. Timely use of fungicides eliminates the problem of leaf diseases. The study showed that problems with pests and diseases are solved by the chemical treatments included in the technology, and that with No-Till technology additional protective measures are not required.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVATION ON THE SOIL SEED BANK OF WEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
N. G. Vlasenko ◽  
A. N. Vlasenko ◽  
O. V. Kulagin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
The Comparative Study

The work presents the results of the comparative study of the soil seed bank of weeds at crop cultivation in 2 three-fi eld crop rotations (wheat-wheat-oats and wheat-wheat-cabbage crops) using traditional and No-Till technologies. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of central forest-steppe of Priobskiy agricultural landscape area. Before the stationary experiment was laid in 2008, the soil layer of 0-10 cm contained an average of 31800 weed seeds on 1 m2 , and in the layer of 11-20 cm their number was 21200 pieces. Among the 17 identifi ed species, the redroot amaranth dominated. After the fi rst year of crop vegetation, the weed seed bank has grown by 2.2 times with the traditional technology, and by 1.3 times with No-Till technology. By the beginning of the second crop rotation in 2011 in the soil layer of 0- 10 cm there was about the same number of weed seeds with either technology: 41250±2532 pieces/m2 . At the same time, it was noted that the share of bluegrass weeds increased to 25.5-32% with No-Till technology and up to 34.8-35.5% with the traditional one. After the third crop rotation in 2016, the soil seed bank decreased by 5.7 times compared to 2011 with the traditional technology, and by 8.1 times with No-Till technology. The share of bluegrass weeds increased to 67.8% and 47.8%, respectively. The data obtained confi rm that mechanical tillage, which facilitates embedding weed seeds in the soil, ensures their more active germination, further development and distribution. The absence of mechanical tillage, which excludes contact of weed seeds with the soil, as well as the systematic use of herbicides reduce the weed seeds supply in the soil bank with No-Till technology.

scholarly journals Protection of spring wheat with biopreparations and fungicides in the forest steppe of Priobye: I. First results in extreme weather conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-212
Author(s):  
N. G. Vlasenko* ◽  
V. A. Pavlyushin ◽  
O. I. Teplyakova ◽  
O. V. Kulagin ◽  
D. O. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
First Results

The paper presents data on a comparative test of the efficacy of chemical, fungal and bacterial fungicides in limiting the harmfulness of main diseases of spring wheat. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of the forest-steppe of Priobye of the Novosibirsk region. It was shown that Sternifag, SP reduces the development of root rot at the end of the growing season by 48 %, which is comparable to the effect of a chemical dressing agent Scarlet, ME (imazalil+tebuconazole) and is slightly inferior to the action of combined application of fungal preparation Trichocin, SP with the bacterial preparation Vitaplan, SP (55 %). Preplanting seed treatment effectively reduced the development of leaf infections: Scarlet, ME suppressed the development of Septoria blotch by 54 %, Scarlet, ME + Vitaplan, SP – of powdery mildew by 69 %, Trichotsin,SP + Vitaplan, SP – of brown rust by 74 %. Fungicide Titul 390, KKR reduced the development of these diseases by 60, 81 and 85 %, respectively. Alirin-B, W with Trichocin, SP suppressed brown rust by 64 %. Cellulolytic activity increased 1.3–1.9 times compared to the control as a result of the action of biological products and Sternifag, SP. The amount of plant residues decreased 2.4 and 1.9 times 15 and 30 days after application. The greatest increase in yield was provided by chemical fungicides – 0.7 t / ha, they were not inferior to the use of Alirin-B, W with Vitaplan, SP against the background of etching with Scarlet, ME fungicide.

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

scholarly journals Taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp

The taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. of nine varieties of Siberian origin (Altayskaya 70, Altayskaya 75, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16, Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41 and Svirel) cultivated using wheat and fallow as a predecessor, was studied in the area of Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. Average incidence of fungal root infection was 24%. In plants grown using wheat as a predecessor, the incidence was statistically significantly (p <0.05) higher than in plants grown using fallow as a predecessor (27.3 versus 20.6%). Statistically significant (p <0.05) differences in the prevalence of root infection were revealed between cultivars. The maximal prevalence (33.3 and 32.3%, respectively) on average for the wheat predecessor and fallow was found for the varieties Svirel and Altayskaya 75, the minimal (16.7%) for the varieties Novosibirskaya 16 and Altayskaya 70. The complex of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots is represented by Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria spp. (31.4, 44.9 and 23.7% of the pathogenic complex on average for varieties and variants, respectively). The composition of pathogens statistically significantly (p <0.01) depends on the predecessor. In the plants cultivated using wheat as a predecessor, the proportion of Alternaria spp. was higher whereas proportions of Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana were lower. No differences in prevalence and taxonomic composition of root infection between varieties originated from Novosibirsk territory, Krasnoyarsk territory and Altay territory were found. Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, ROOT ROT, KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY, FUSARIUM SPP., BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA, ALTERNARIA SPP

scholarly journals Root rot in new cultivars of spring wheat depending on sowing dates

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
A. A. Razina ◽  
F. S. Sultanov ◽  
О. G. Dyatlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
New Cultivars

The results of studying resistance of mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars to root rot in the forest-steppe zone of Irkutsk region are presented. The study was conducted in a two-factor field experiment. Factor A – mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars: Tulunskaya 11 (control), Zoryana, Маrsianka, Stolypinka (new cultivars). Factor B – seeding dates: May 10, 20, 30, preceded by fallow. The experimental plot area was 70.0 m2. The experiment was repeated three times. Plot arrangement was randomized. Root rot prevalence was determined during the tillering phase of the crop. In 2018, the sowing dates did not affect the disease due to the long spring-summer drought (May-June) and a higher average daily temperature compared to long-term average values. In arid and cold conditions of May 2019, with the late sowing period (May 30), root rot prevalence was significantly lower than when sowing on May 10 and 20. In 2019, a higher level of the disease was registered than in 2018 by 14.3%. Significant differences in root rot prevalence in both years of research were noted between the control cultivar Tulunskaya 11 and the new cultivars of spring wheat Zoryana and Stolypinka. In the tillering phase of the latter two, disease indicators were lower by 5.6% and 10.5% in 2018, and by 8.8% and 7.9% in 2019, respectively. Маrsianka cultivar was at the control level for this indicator. The best cultivar under study was Stolypinka, which was not only less affected by root rot, but also gave a statistically significant yield increase of 0.16 t/ ha in 2018 and 0.22 t/ha in 2019.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEEDING MACHINES ON SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF STUBBLE RESIDUE AND SOIL COMPACTION IN NO-TILL ROTATIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. LINDWALL ◽  
D. T. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Chemical Fallow

The effectiveness of several commercial seeders and an experimental triple-disc press drill was assessed on a silt loam soil at Lethbridge over a 7-yr period on fields receiving chemical weed control instead of tillage between crops. The double- and triple-disc press drills generally failed to penetrate untilled surfaces adequately when soil bulk density in the upper 5 cm exceeded about 1.2 g/cm3 or when the quantity of surface residue exceeded about 3,700 kg/ha. Hoe openers penetrated the soil but failed to clear heavy residues when stubble and straw lengths were excessive (> 25 cm). In 2 of the 7 yr, yields of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on small plots seeded with the double- and triple-disc drills were superior to those seeded with the wide-spaced hoe drill (1,159 vs. 721 kg/ha in 1969, and 667 vs. 573 kg/ha in 1973). Yield differences were primarily due to wild oats (Avena fatua L.), which germinated because of the tillage action of hoe openers, in ridge areas between rows and which, despite the use of herbicides, seriously reduced yields from wide-spaced rows (23 and 36 cm). In the other years, yields were similar for all seeding methods. On 0.4-ha chemical fallow fields, yields were up to 51% lower within sprayer wheel traffic areas (bulk densities of 1.2 g/cm3 or greater in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer) because of shallow seed placement when double-disc drills were used but not when hoe drills were used.

scholarly journals Phytosanitary and economic foundations of melilot in the southern forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Posazhennikov ◽  
E. Iu. Toropova ◽  
О. A. Kazakova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

The research aims at evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of melilot cultivation in the southern forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region. The research was conducted in 2010 – 2016 by means of conventional methods. The biological effects of melilot in treatment of wheat underground organs from root rot was 13.9-38.8% (average 31.3%) in the beginning of growing season; in the end of the growing season it was 32.1-66% (average 43%) in comparison with recultivation of spring wheat. The pathogenic complex of root rot consisted of B. sorokiniana (18.343%) and Fusarium fungi (63.9-81.7%). The authors found out F. gibbosum, F. sporotrichioides,F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum, F. solani.mong fungi among Fusarium. The research revealed domination of Trichoderma fungi among the antagonistic species. The effect of melilot as a fore crop in increasing spring wheat yield was observed as 31-68,7% (average 44%) with a simultaneous decrease in Bipolaris sorokiniana grain population and Fusarium fungi in 2 times in comparison with re-cultivation of spring wheat. The authors highlight that economic evaluation of melilot cultivation in the southern forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region is 80.7% profitable in case melilot is grown as a fore crop of spring wheat. IThe authors observed reducing grain costs on 53.4 RUB/ hwt compared to recultivation of wheat. Comprehensive economic assessment of melilot cultivation showed higher profitability caused by sale of honey and haylage harvesting.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of direct sowing technology in the cultivation of spring wheat in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00129
Author(s):  
Aleksander Toigildin ◽  
Mikhail Podsevalov ◽  
Denis Ayupov ◽  
Valery Syromyatnikov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
No Till ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Effectiveness Studies ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The article presents the results of the effectiveness studies of No-till technology on chernozem in a typical forest-steppe zone of the Volga region. Research has shown that No-till technology provides water, agrophysical and agrochemical properties of soil that are favourable for plant growth while effectively controlling weeds. There is also a tendency to increase the yield and product quality. According to our estimates, direct sowing increases the yield of spring wheat grain by 0.5 kg/ha, the mass fraction of gluten from 13.6% to 15.0%, the mass fraction of protein from 11.0% to 11.6% in comparison with traditional technology.

scholarly journals Biological protection of spring wheat from root rot in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00034
Author(s):  
Alfia Razina ◽  
Olga Dyatlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Total Seed

We present the results of the trial of the biological drug BisolbiSan (Bacillus subtillis strain H-13, isolated by the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology) for treatment of spring wheat seeds in comparison with the widely popular chemical fungicides Maxim and Maxim Plus in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia in 2016–2018. BisolbiSan contributed to a decrease in total seed contamination by 2.4 times compared to control, which was practically at the level of the chemical fungicide Maxim. Maxim and Maxim Plus oppressed the growth of the sprout and the main germ line, while BisolbiSan stimulated the growth and development of the root system, and did not inhibit the growth of the sprout. The prevalence of root rot in the variant with BisolbiSan was lower compared to control by 54 %, effectiveness of which was not significantly inferior to that of chemical protectants. In comparison with control variant, BisolbiSan increased vitreous content of grain by 16.9 %, the content of crude gluten by 3.9 %, contributed to obtaining a statistically reliable increase in the yield of 0.38 tons per hectare, which did not differ significantly from the increase in the variant with chemical protectants. In our experiment, the payback of 1 ruble of costs when treating seeds with BisolbiSan was 1.7, which is 0.5 and 0.2 rubles higher compared to Maxim and Maxim Plus, respectively. The profitability of the yield increase using BisolbiSan was 70.9 %, which is 54.5 % and 20.6 % more than when using Maxim and Maxim Plus, respectively.

scholarly journals Agrotechnical methods ofreducing root rot for cultivating spring wheat in organic farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01102
Author(s):  
Alfia Razina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
New Varieties

Energy-saving technologies of wheat cultivation limit the buffer role of the agrotechnical method in reducing the spread of root rot. This situation calls for using increased volumes of pesticides in order to decrease harvest losses arising from actions of harmful organisms, which does not allow to produce organic food.Considering this, evaluation of the efficiency of agrotechnical methods of cultivating spring wheat aimed at enhancing phytosanitary conditions of crops is very important. The goal of our work was to evaluate the role of predecessors, methods of soil preparation,organic fertilizers, new varieties of spring wheat, and the timing of planting in limiting the spread and reducing the harmfulness of root rot. Our study has been conducted in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia. We have established that green manure in crop rotationandfallow arable land with introduction of 30 t/ha of organic manure fertilizer with a disc harrow to a depth of 10–12 cmreduce the spread and severity of root rot and increase wheat yields. In the plantings of the new variety of spring wheat Marsianka, the spread of the disease was reliably less,and the yield was higher compared to the control variety Tulunskaya 11. The optimal planting date for the average of two years was May 25, the crops planted then compared to those planted on May 30 were 9.4% less affected by the disease and gave a reliable increase in the harvest of 0.15 tons/ha. Our studies have shown that during production of organic wheat we can limit the spread andharmfulness of root rot withagrotechnical methods.

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