EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEEDING MACHINES ON SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF STUBBLE RESIDUE AND SOIL COMPACTION IN NO-TILL ROTATIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. LINDWALL ◽  
D. T. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Chemical Fallow

The effectiveness of several commercial seeders and an experimental triple-disc press drill was assessed on a silt loam soil at Lethbridge over a 7-yr period on fields receiving chemical weed control instead of tillage between crops. The double- and triple-disc press drills generally failed to penetrate untilled surfaces adequately when soil bulk density in the upper 5 cm exceeded about 1.2 g/cm3 or when the quantity of surface residue exceeded about 3,700 kg/ha. Hoe openers penetrated the soil but failed to clear heavy residues when stubble and straw lengths were excessive (> 25 cm). In 2 of the 7 yr, yields of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on small plots seeded with the double- and triple-disc drills were superior to those seeded with the wide-spaced hoe drill (1,159 vs. 721 kg/ha in 1969, and 667 vs. 573 kg/ha in 1973). Yield differences were primarily due to wild oats (Avena fatua L.), which germinated because of the tillage action of hoe openers, in ridge areas between rows and which, despite the use of herbicides, seriously reduced yields from wide-spaced rows (23 and 36 cm). In the other years, yields were similar for all seeding methods. On 0.4-ha chemical fallow fields, yields were up to 51% lower within sprayer wheel traffic areas (bulk densities of 1.2 g/cm3 or greater in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer) because of shallow seed placement when double-disc drills were used but not when hoe drills were used.

Assessing tillage- and cropping-induced changes in relative conductivity

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
V. Rasiah
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Surface Changes

Although changes in relative hydraulic conductivity(Krc) in the surface soil layer can have significantimpact on transport of water and solutes below this layer, experimentaldetermination of Krc is laborious and expensive. In thisstudy, a simple theoretical equation has been used to compute near-surfaceKrc and assess its sensitivity to tillage- andcropping-induced near-surface changes in soil porosity (.epsi;), porecontinuity (PC), and soil water content (θ). The data were collected in1994 from a cropping and tillage system experiment established in 1988 on asilt loam soil. The tillage treatments were conventional and no-till. Thecropping treatments were continuous corn (Zea maize L.)under conventional cultivation (CT corn), corn following forages(alfalfa,Medicago sativa L.; and bromegrass,Bromus inermis L.) under conventional and no-till (NTcorn) practices, and continuous no-till corn. Soil bulk density (r ) and inthe near surface (depth, 0-2 ·5 cm) soil layer were measured in lateJuly 1994 subsequent to changes in tillage and cropping practices in May 1994.Only tillage differences had significant influence on ρ, θ, fractaldimension (D), PC, and Krc of the near-surface soillayer. A switch from no-till forages to CT corn resulted in increases in andD, and decreases in ρ , θ, and Krc. Theintroduction of NT corn into forage-terminated plots did not producesignificant changes in the above properties compared with continuous NT corn(7 years old), which was characterised by smaller values of and PC, and highθ and Krc. Water content, , and PC accounted for96% of the variability in Krc. The results showedthat the near-surface changes in Krc can be predictedwith high accuracy using the data on only ρ and θ which are easy togather.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON WILD OATS AND SPRING WHEAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Sexsmith ◽  
G. C. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Loam Soil

Spring wheat, with fertilizer applied in the drill rows, was grown in wild-oat-infested stubble on a Shallow Lethbride loam soil for 4 years, Phosphorus had no measurable effect on the height, straw weight, seed yield, or number of wild-oat plants. In contrast, nitrogen increased the number of seed-bearing stems, plant height, straw weight, and seed yield, but did not change the wild-oat stand. Wheat yields were increased by nitrogen and further increased by the addition of phosphorus at the rate of 20 pounds of P2O5 per acre in 3 of the 4 years. Measured bushel weight of the wheat increased with nitrogen fertilizer additions and was further increased by phosphorus except at the high rate of both materials. Fertilizer applications, under conditions similar to those encountered in this test, may be useful for increasing wheat production, but only at the expense of producing increased quantities of wild-oat seed.

COMPARISON OF PRESEEDING TILLAGE WITH TOTAL AND MINIMAL TILLAGE BY VARIOUS SEEDING MACHINES ON SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Direct Seeded

In a 6-yr study at Swift Current, Saskatchewan in the Brown soil zone of Western Canada, preseeding tillage did not significantly influence the volume weight or yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). There were some indications that protein content of wheat was enhanced by preseeding tillage but the results were not consistent. A 2-yr supplementary study, on the other hand, did not show any benefits from preseeding tillage. Plant density was lower on plots seeded with the discer, whether direct-seeded or following preseeding tillage. The seed was also placed deeper in the soil compared to seeding with the hoe press or double-disc seeders, as indicated by the length of the plants’ subcoronal internodes. However, the differences in plant density and depth of seed placement were not reflected in the final wheat yields; this emphasized the ability of the wheat plants to compensate for establishment differences within the moisture limits encountered. There were no significant differences in volume weight, yield, or protein content of wheat for those seeders that provided total tillage during the seeding operation (discer or cultivator-rod weeder drills) as compared to seeders that provided only minimal tillage in the seed row (hoe, single-disc or triple-disc drills) when preseeding tillage was not practiced.

EPIC estimates of soil water, nitrogen and carbon under semiarid temperate conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Roloff ◽  
R. de jong ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
V. M. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Support Tool

The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is an important support tool for environmental management. Previous tests of the model have determined that it is suitable for long-term yield estimation, but it is less precise in assessing annual yield variability. To determine the reasons for the discrepancies between estimated and measured yields, we tested the ability of EPIC version 5300 to predict soil water and soil nitrogen dynamics, using data from a long-term spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation experiment in the semiarid prairie region of Canada. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimates varied among methods tested: Priestley-Taylor and Penman-Monteith methods resulted in PET means that were about twice those obtained with the Hargreaves and Baier-Robertson methods. The higher PET means were associated with an excessive estimation of net radiation. We used the Baier-Robertson method to generate the other estimates reported herein. EPIC generally overestimated total soil water, but it still allowed clear differentiation among rotation phases and times of the year, and provided adequate estimates of water during the critical shot-blade stage. Water estimates by soil layer were also generally overpredicted, especially at depths from 0.15 to 0.60 m, but we were able to differentiate among rotation phases and times of the year. Precision of these latter estimates was generally low, accounting at most for 27% of the variability, and varied by soil layer, rotation phase and time of the year. Nitrate-N estimates tended to be lower than measured values, especially at depths below 0.3 m and during vegetative growth phases. However, the estimates also allowed us to distinguish among the rotation phases and times of the year. Total N and organic C were satisfactorily estimated by EPIC. In general, EPIC provided adequate long-term estimates of the environmental quality indicators tested. Key words: Environmental quality, environmental modelling, sustainability, spring wheat, fallow, potential evapotranspiration methods

EFFECT OF SOIL COMPACTION AND STERILIZATION ON ROOT ROT DISEASE AND YIELD OF CANNING PEAS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. VIGIER ◽  
G. S. V. RAGHAVAN ◽  
G. DRAKE
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Rot Disease

Soil compaction in Richelieu clay-loam and Ste-Rosalie clay soils appeared to be more critical than common root rot in reducing yield of canning peas (Pisum sativum L.) as demonstrated by the two sets of greenhouse experiments. While quantifying yield losses, a 34% loss was attributed to root rot and a 52% fresh pea loss to higher soil bulk density in clay-loam soil. Similar quantification was difficult to obtain for clay soil.Key words: Peas, soil compaction, root rot

scholarly journals Silage-corn harvesting machinery traffic effects on soil bulk density and water permeability

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
I. Ahmadi ◽  
H. Ghaur
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Water Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Loam Soil

Soil compaction caused by machinery traffic affects the growth of agricultural crops and also has environmental effects like soil damage and erosion. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of repeated silage-corn harvesting machinery traffic on dry soil bulk density and porosity variations at three different sampling depths, moreover average water permeability coefficient of the examined silty clay loam soil was measured using the falling head method of water permeability test. The examined treatments which were applied while harvesting silage-corn with the combination of tractor, chopper and truck were the number of traffic passes and depths of soil sampling. Significant differences between soil compaction treatments were observed in bulk density and porosity of soil. Numerically, 22% increase in soil bulk density and 19% reduction in soil porosity were recorded due to the effect of two passes of the examined machineries over the field terrain comparing to the non-traffic treatment. Moreover; soil sampling at 0–10 cm and 20–30 cm depths resulted in the highest and the lowest soil porosity respectively.

Frequency of post-emergence harrowing effects wild oat control and spring wheat yield

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Alternative Weed Control ◽  
The One

Crops grown by organic producers or others choosing not to use herbicides require alternative weed control methods. In a 3-yr study at Scott, Saskatchewan, several harrowing frequencies were applied to emerged wild oats infesting spring wheat. Two passes with diamond tooth harrows at the one- to two-leaf stage of wild oats reduced panicle density and fresh weight in 2 of 3 yr. Multiple harrowings reduced wheat culms, fresh weight, and yield in 2 of the 3 yr. In 1992, four harrowings reduced wheat culms and yield, but had no effect on wild oat. In 1993, two harrowings reduced wild oat panicles and fresh weight, but had no effect on wheat culms and fresh weight, suggesting that moisture conditions at and immediately following harrowing have a differential effect on the ability of the two species to recover. Key words:Avena fatua L., Triticum aestivum L., cultural control, organic production

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Compaction and Bulk Density on the Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max) on Sandy Clay Loam Soil of the Semi-arid Region of Northern Nigeria as Influenced by Tractor Wheel Traffic

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abdu Dauda ◽  
Bukar Usman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Soil compaction from farm machinery is an environmental problem. The effect of compaction on plant growth and yield depends on the crop grown and the environmental conditions that crop encounters. The effect of compaction from tractor traffic on soybean (Glycine max), variety TGX1448-2E, on a sandy clay loam soil in the semi-arid region of northern Nigeria was investigated for two growing seasons, 2015 and 2016. A randomized complete block design of the field of plots with treatments of 0,5,10, 15 and 20 passes of a tractor MF 390 was used. Each treatment was replicated three times. The soil bulk density, penetration resistance and soil moisture content for each applied load were measured and the yield from each treatment was determined.  Agronomic treatments were kept the same for all plots in both 2015 and 2016. Results showed increased soil bulk density, penetration resistance and soil moisture content with increased tractor passes. Highest grain yield was obtained at 5 tractor passes with a mean bulk density of 1.76 Mgm,-3 penetration resistance 1.70 MPa and moisture content 13.37% with a mean yield of 2568 kgha-1 and lowest was obtained from 20 tractor passes were 340 kgha-1. Statistical models were used to predict yield as a function of bulk density, penetration resistance,   moisture content, contact pressure, and a number of tractor traffic passes. Grain yield with respect to moisture content gave the best yield prediction (r2 = 0.94).           

Wheat seeding rate for spread and distinct row seed placement with air seeders

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian M. Johnston ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Placement

Air (pneumatic) seeding systems that have seed row opener options that spread seed rather than place it in distinct rows may allow producers to uniformly distribute plants and increase seeding rates to improve cereal crop yield. A study was conducted to determine if seed placement configuration influenced hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to seeding rate. The study was carried out at Melfort, SK, from 1997 to 1999, using three seed configurations (23 cm and 30 cm distinct row with a hoe opener; and a 20 cm spread using a 28 cm sweep on 23 cm row spacing) and four seeding rates (67, 100, 134, and 167 kg ha–1). Grain yield increased 6% when seeding rate was increased from 100 (recommended rate) to 168 kg ha–1 in 1997. Improved grain yield with increased seeding rates was related to greater kernels head–1. In the 2 following years, yield decreased by 9% when seeding rate was increased from 100 to 168 kg ha–1. Yield reductions in these years were associated with high yield potential (high soil N availability) and lodging, that in turn resulted in decreased kernels head–1 and kernel weight with increased seeding rates. Grain yield did not differ between the sweep and distinct rows, regardless of the seeding rate. Furthermore, the similar yields among the three seed configurations occurred despite lodging being less with sweeps compared with 23 or 30 cm row spacing at the highest seeding rate in 1998. The increased distance between wheat plants with sweeps did not improve grain yields as a result of reduced inter-plant competition, regardless of seeding rate. This absence of grain yield differences between the sweep and distinct row placement illustrates the yield stability associated with Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivars through yield component compensation. Key words: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), row spacing, seeding rate, lodging, seed placement

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document