scholarly journals Nutrient regime of irrigated meadow-chernozem soils under long-term intensive use

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
I. F. Khramtsov ◽  
V. S. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Intensive Use

The patterns of phosphorus and potassium status of soils were studied given the improvement of agricultural technologies of irrigated agriculture. Long-term studies were carried out in an experimental grain-grass crop rotation on irrigated meadow-chernozem soil. The experimental plot is located in the southern forest-steppe of Omsk region. Intensive use of irrigated arable land with a rational combination of moisture and mineral nutrition regimes contributes to obtaining maximum yields of forage and grain crops. The creation of various conditions for mineral nutrition due to an increased and high supply of mobile phosphorus and with the application of different options of agricultural technologies made it possible to simulate possible agro-ecological conditions that form contrasting indices of crop productivity. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various agricultural approaches to growing crops under irrigation conditions indicates that soil cultivation techniques and forecrops did not significantly affect the content of available phosphorus in the soil. The equilibrium content of mobile phosphorus given a long-term negative balance changed insignificantly. The systematic application of phosphorus-containing fertilizers significantly increased the phosphate status of the soil. However, an adequate assessment of the phosphate status of arable soils is possible using several diagnostic indices (methods). Long-term intensive use of irrigated arable land has reduced the reserves of easily exchangeable potassium from 4 to 1–2 mg/100 g of soil in the arable layer. The content of exchangeable potassium has also decreased by almost 2 times, but the soil remains in a high and very high class of its availability. However, a number of indicators show its increasing depletion in the most mobile fractions of soil potassium. The reserves of non-exchangeable potassium are more stable, which have decreased by about 19% over 40 years, and the soil has passed into the category with an unstable supply.

scholarly journals Fertility of irrigated lands in the south forest-steppe of the Omsk region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
V.S. Boiko ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Timokhin ◽  
V.V. Mikhailov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Heavy Particle ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Secondary Salinization

Unsustainable irrigation of chernozems can lead to secondary salinization and other negative consequences. The purpose of the research was to assess the fertility and hydrochemical composition of meadow-chernozem soil of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia under conditions of prolonged irrigation. The surveys were carried out in the fields of the agricultural production cooperative (APC) “Pushkinsky” and Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE) “Omskoye”; cultivation technology – adaptive system of irrigated agriculture. The studies were conducted in 2015–2020 on the Pushkin irrigation system. The object of the research – irrigated meadow-chernozem heavy loamy soil. The methods of route field research and laboratory analyzes were used. The results obtained were compared with the baseline values (1978). With long-term irrigation and intensive agricultural use, the fertility indicators of meadow-chernozem soil did not significantly deteriorate. The arable horizons have a neutral and close to neutral reaction (pH 5.8–6.2), average humus content (5.9–7.2%). The supply of nitrate nitrogen, as a rule, remained at a low and medium level (6.0–14.7 mg/kg) due to the high removal by vegetative crops and the absence of fallow fields in the structure of irrigated arable land. Long-term systematic application of phosphorus-containing fertilizers and creation of a positive P balance led to the improvement of soil phosphate status (99–177 mg/kg). The content of exchangeable potassium remains high (144–353 mg/kg) and is stable over time, which is a feature of chernozems with a heavy particle size distribution. The content of mobile forms of lead, zinc and cadmium does not exceed approximate permissible concentrations in the soil. When analyzing the cation-anionic composition of the water extract of the soil profile of FSUE “Omskoe”, a weak salinity of the chloride type was revealed in the 0.6-1.4 m layer; of the sulfate-chloride type – in the 1.4-1.8 m layer. In the future, it may lead to secondary salinization and serve as a limiting factor for high yields. The absorbing complex of meadow-chernozem soil in the southern forest-steppe is highly saturated with bases. Sodium concentration is minimal; calcium and magnesium cations prevail. The groundwater samples are moderately fresh and of good quality. Among the anions, HCО3- prevails, among the cations – Mg2+ and Ca2+, which indicates the need to control the groundwater level to maintain a favorable ecological state of meadow-chernozem soil.

The Dynamics of the Reduction of Arable Land Areas According to their Long-term Monitoring in the Tomsk Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A.V. Zakharchenko ◽  
O.A. Pasko ◽  
I.B. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

The results of agroecological monitoring of arable and fallow lands are considered. It has been established that the content of humus and mobile phosphorus in the soils of the fallow, as well as the value of the salt pH, is lower than on arable land; mobile potassium is higher. This may be due to the migration of deposited potassium from the lower soil horizons into the humus horizon and its release from the absorbed state during the decomposition of organic matter. It was revealed that in fallow soils, the content of mobile phosphorus in the range of 150–600 mg/kg directly correlates with the value of salt pH (4–6 pH units), while this dependence is not observed on arable land.

scholarly journals Main elements of nutrition content in the soil for maize crops, depending on the predecessors and methods of soil treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01103
Author(s):  
Alexey Kozhukhov ◽  
Alexander Gurin ◽  
Svetlana Rezvyakova
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Land Control

The article presents data on the study of the main nutrition elements in the soil under maize crops, depending on the predecessors and methods of soil treatment in the conditions of ordinary Chernozem. The object of research is a Krasnodarsky 194MV hybrid of maize. Variants: 1. Fallow arable land (control); 2. Lupine as green manure; 3. Peas as green manure; 4. Binary sowing of lupine and peas as green manure; 5. Soy as green manure. The experiment was repeated three times, field placement was randomized, and area of each was 120 m². Agrotechnics of maize cultivation in the experiment corresponded to the recommendations for this zone. Green manure was plowed in during its reproduction phase. In the variants with green mass plowing to a depth of 23–25 cm, the largest amount of nitrate nitrogen was in the soil layer 0–20 cm. In the specified soil horizon, before sowing maize, the content of nitrate nitrogen ranged, depending on the variant, from 24.7 mg/kg to 42.8 mg/kg. In the soil layer 20–40 cm, the amount of nitrogen was lower, just 19.4–29.5 mg/kg. Similar dependence was observed for maize during its flowering phase. Tillage methods had almost no effect on the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil layer (0–20 cm). As in all the variants, the differences in this indicator were within the experimental error. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen during the growing season was different. The greatest amount of it was observed during the spring period, both in versions with plowing to a depth of 25–28 cm and in versions with blade loosening to a depth of 10–12 cm. The smallest amount of available phosphorus, regardless of the method of soil preparation, in the layer 0–20 cm was on fallow arable land – 122 mg/kg during the sowing period and 104 mg/kg during the flowering period. In variants with cultivation of legumes as green manure, the content of available phosphorus in the specified horizon was significantly chigher, being 147–171 mg/kg. The highest content of exchangeable potassium was provided by lupine – 209–213 mg/kg in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and lupine sown together with peas – 196–207 mg/kg. The minimum amount of exchangeable potassium was 143–146 mg/kg in fallow arable land, depending on the method of soil treatment.

scholarly journals Phosphate regime of sod-podzolic soil in natural and agrophytocenoses

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-115
Author(s):  
M. T. Vasbieva ◽  
N. E. Zavyalova
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Iron Phosphates ◽  
Phosphorus Forms

The phosphate regime of sod-podzolic soil (heavy loam) of Cis-Urals under natural phytocenoses (mixed forest, cereal-grass meadow) and agrophytocenoses was studied. The influence of agricultural use of arable land on phosphate regime was evaluated in the long-term stationary experiment (year of establishment – 1978) and the eastern galega (Galega orientalis L.) (year of sowing – 1988). The total content of phosphorus in soil, quantity of its organic, mineral and plant available forms were studied, the fractional composition of mineral phosphates was considered (using Ginzburg-Lebedeva method). The total content of phosphorus in the upper soil layer in all studied objects varied from 1 030 to 1 350 mg/kg. Mineral phosphorus forms prevailed over organic ones in the soil. It was found that the fractional composition of mineral phosphates was 40–62% represented by iron phosphates and 31–48% by calcium phosphates, which is due to the characteristic features of the soil-forming rock – yellow-brown non-carbonate silt drape. Aluminum phosphates amounted to 8–12%. Long-term cultivation of crops during five cycles of the eight-field crop rotation led to a significant decrease in the content of organic phosphorus in the soil. The lower content of iron phosphates (1.6–1.8 times) and the higher content (1.3–2.0 times) of calcium phosphates, available for plants, were observed in the soil of long-term experiment when compared with natural phytocenoses. The content of plant available phosphorus in soil gradually decreased from 239 to 164 mg/kg from the moment of experiment establishment to the fifth rotation. Prolonged fertilizer application (N60P60K60) resulted in the significant increase in mineral and plant available phosphorus forms content in the soil. The residual phosphorus of fertilizers was noted in the Fe-P, Ca-PI and Ca-PII fractions. Under the eastern galega the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the phosphate regime of the soil did not differ significantly from their natural analogues.

Black soil fertility as affected by for long-term fertilization in different crop rotations

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Ya.P. Tsvey ◽  
S.O. Bondar ◽  
S.M. Senchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus

For typical leached black soil it was proved that introduction of 7,5 t/ha manure + N P K in the first three rotations, 8.3 t/ha manure + N P K in the fourth rotation, and 16.6 t/ha manure + N P K in the first link of the fifth rotation led to an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus in the ploughed soil layer to 270-325 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium to 95-105 mg/kg, whereas at the beginning of the experiment, the content of mobile phosphorus was 144-150 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium 66-71 mg/kg. Content of alkali hydrolysed nitrogen in soil was stabilized against the background of organic and mineral fertilization at the level of 140-124 mg/kg, whereas without fertilizers it was 112-105 mg/kg soil and at the beginning of the experiment 177-173 mg/kg of soil.

scholarly journals Effect of sprinkler irrigation on the properties of leached chernozem and the yield of Bromopsis inermis Leyss. in the Southern Cis-Ural

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Komissarov ◽  
Mikhail Komissarov ◽  
Irek Minniakhmetov ◽  
Oleg Lykasov ◽  
Julia Afanasyeva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Aggregate Composition ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The paper examines the effect of the long-term (10 years) low-intensity sprinkler irrigation on the properties of leached chernozem soils covered with Bromopsis inermis Leyss. (BIL) stands in the Southern Cis-Ural forest-steppe. The study analysed changes in the soil’s agrophysical and chemical properties. As a result of long-term irrigation, the humus horizon (A + AB) thickness increased by 16 ± 3 cm; the organic carbon (Corg) content and nutrients decreased in this rooting zone, in particular, Corg by 0.3%, available phosphorus by 24.8 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium by 18.4 mg/kg and the stock of Corg by 16 t/ha. The particle size distribution of irrigated soil did not significantly changed; some changes were observed for the soil’s aggregate composition. The soil’s hydrophysical properties, water and air regime worsened.

scholarly journals Methods of optimizing the phosphate regime of drained peat soils in the northern trans-Urals

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Iglovikov ◽  
Alexander Motorin
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers

The paper presents the results of long-term research to determine the content of phosphorus in drained peat soils and the influence of agro-meliorative techniques on its dynamics. The objects of research were medium-power peat soils on the typical genesis for subtaiga (Yernyakul bog located on the watershed of Tobol and Vagai rivers; Usalskoe bog – on the second floodplain terrace of Tobol river) and forest steppe (Tarmanskoe bog, Reshetnikovo object located on the second floodplain terrace of Tura river) of Northern Trans-Ural region. It has been revealed that the gross phosphorus content in drained peat soils is 0.1–0.3 %. The main part (83.8–95.2 %) of phosphorus in peat soil is in the form of organic compounds. The ratio of mobile phosphorus to its gross content corresponds to 4.8–16.2 %. The mobility of phosphorus during the 40-summer period increases insignificantly and only in the arable layer. The increase in the content of phosphorus is achieved by the use of phosphorus fertilizers and, to a lesser extent, the strengthening of the processes of mineralization of peat. Poor mobility and good availability of phosphorus plants on peat soils allows to put it in stock for 5 years.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AGROBIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION ON THE SOIL ABSORBING SOLONETS COMPLEX OF BARABA LOWLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
N. V. Elizarov ◽  
V. V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Illuvial Horizon ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Baraba Lowland

The studies were conducted in the northern forest-steppe of the Baraba lowland on the territory of Novosibirsk region. The genetic profiles of crusty solonets on virgin soil and arable land were analyzed. Soil samples were selected in 2015-2016 from genetic soil horizons on the depth of 100 cm, then drilling every 20 cm to the groundwater. The effect of long-term application of agrobiological soil reclamation method on solonets profiles was studied on the experimental site. The stationary experiment was laid in 1987. The study of the morphological structure of soil profiles and the physicochemical properties of crusty solonets subjected to long-term agrobiological reclamation showed that certain changes occurred in the soil profile. The columnar structure of the solonets (illuvial) horizon was destroyed by agro-technical treatments and plant roots. In addition, under the action of agrobiological soil reclamation, the physicochemical properties of the soil changed. It was established that the concentration of calcium ions in the soil absorbing complex of the solonets (in the illuvial) horizon increased from 27.1 to 64.5%, and the content of sodium and magnesium cations decreased from 38.2 and 26.4 to 32.4 and 1.1% respectively. Solonets turned into residual type from the multi-sodium one. The effect of agrobiological soil reclamation became evident in the change of the overall medium reaction. On the virgin soil, the pH value in the solonets horizon (45-60 cm) was 9.1, while on the arable land it was only 6.5. The agrobiological method of soil reclamation not only increased the productivity of agrolandscapes, but also had a positive impact on the physicochemical properties of the solonetz soils of Baraba lowland and their genetic profile.

scholarly journals The influence of farming system elements on the yield of barley in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
N.A. Feoktistova ◽  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Indirect Impact

The results of long-term stationary studies on the influence of farming system elements on the yield of spring barley in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals are presented. In the experiment, the role of the precursor; the main tillage (plowing and surface scarification); three levels of mineral nutrition were studied. The variation of the barley harvest for 2004-2014 under the influence of weather conditions that have direct and indirect impact on the formation of the yield of cereals is shown. The yield of barley primarily depends on the level of mineral nutrition. The average yield of barley sown after peas was 3.52 t/ha, with a variation in the range of 2.40-4.24 t/ha. In the variant where the precursor was oat, the yield of barley was 3.39 t/ha with a variation from 2.11 to 4.72 t/ha. The share of the contribution of the growing season weather conditions is 49% (the precursor is peas) and 72% (the precursor is oat). The minimum yield over the years of research was 1.44 t/ha on the variant where the precursor was oat, fertilizers were not applied, and the main tillage was surface scarification. The maximum yield was 5.57 t/ha on the variant with a dose of fertilizers N54P52K52 kg/ha, which were introduced by plowing.

The Potential of near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Chemical Characterisation of Agricultural Soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Confalonieri ◽  
F. Fornasier ◽  
A. Ursino ◽  
F. Boccardi ◽  
B. Pintus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Constituents

The feasibility of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy in determining various soil constituents such as total organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus has been investigated, to monitor their concentration during a long-term agronomic trial. Soil samples previously analysed by conventional chemical methods were scanned using a NIRSystems 5000 monochromator and spectra were treated using several algorithms. The first derivative of each NIR spectrum was used for all statistical analyses. Step-up, stepwise and modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression methods were applied to develop reliable calibration models between the NIR spectral data and the results of wet analyses. MPLS almost always gave the most successful calibrations. The results demonstrated that NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to determine accurately two important soil constituents, namely total nitrogen and carbon content. This technique could be employed as a routine testing method in estimating, rapidly and non-destructively, these constituents in soil samples, demonstrating soil variations within a long-term field experiment. For other determinations, such as exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus content, our results were less successful but may be useful for separation of samples into groups.

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