scholarly journals Phosphate regime of sod-podzolic soil in natural and agrophytocenoses

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-115
Author(s):  
M. T. Vasbieva ◽  
N. E. Zavyalova
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Iron Phosphates ◽  
Phosphorus Forms

The phosphate regime of sod-podzolic soil (heavy loam) of Cis-Urals under natural phytocenoses (mixed forest, cereal-grass meadow) and agrophytocenoses was studied. The influence of agricultural use of arable land on phosphate regime was evaluated in the long-term stationary experiment (year of establishment – 1978) and the eastern galega (Galega orientalis L.) (year of sowing – 1988). The total content of phosphorus in soil, quantity of its organic, mineral and plant available forms were studied, the fractional composition of mineral phosphates was considered (using Ginzburg-Lebedeva method). The total content of phosphorus in the upper soil layer in all studied objects varied from 1 030 to 1 350 mg/kg. Mineral phosphorus forms prevailed over organic ones in the soil. It was found that the fractional composition of mineral phosphates was 40–62% represented by iron phosphates and 31–48% by calcium phosphates, which is due to the characteristic features of the soil-forming rock – yellow-brown non-carbonate silt drape. Aluminum phosphates amounted to 8–12%. Long-term cultivation of crops during five cycles of the eight-field crop rotation led to a significant decrease in the content of organic phosphorus in the soil. The lower content of iron phosphates (1.6–1.8 times) and the higher content (1.3–2.0 times) of calcium phosphates, available for plants, were observed in the soil of long-term experiment when compared with natural phytocenoses. The content of plant available phosphorus in soil gradually decreased from 239 to 164 mg/kg from the moment of experiment establishment to the fifth rotation. Prolonged fertilizer application (N60P60K60) resulted in the significant increase in mineral and plant available phosphorus forms content in the soil. The residual phosphorus of fertilizers was noted in the Fe-P, Ca-PI and Ca-PII fractions. Under the eastern galega the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the phosphate regime of the soil did not differ significantly from their natural analogues.

scholarly journals Main elements of nutrition content in the soil for maize crops, depending on the predecessors and methods of soil treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01103
Author(s):  
Alexey Kozhukhov ◽  
Alexander Gurin ◽  
Svetlana Rezvyakova
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Land Control

The article presents data on the study of the main nutrition elements in the soil under maize crops, depending on the predecessors and methods of soil treatment in the conditions of ordinary Chernozem. The object of research is a Krasnodarsky 194MV hybrid of maize. Variants: 1. Fallow arable land (control); 2. Lupine as green manure; 3. Peas as green manure; 4. Binary sowing of lupine and peas as green manure; 5. Soy as green manure. The experiment was repeated three times, field placement was randomized, and area of each was 120 m². Agrotechnics of maize cultivation in the experiment corresponded to the recommendations for this zone. Green manure was plowed in during its reproduction phase. In the variants with green mass plowing to a depth of 23–25 cm, the largest amount of nitrate nitrogen was in the soil layer 0–20 cm. In the specified soil horizon, before sowing maize, the content of nitrate nitrogen ranged, depending on the variant, from 24.7 mg/kg to 42.8 mg/kg. In the soil layer 20–40 cm, the amount of nitrogen was lower, just 19.4–29.5 mg/kg. Similar dependence was observed for maize during its flowering phase. Tillage methods had almost no effect on the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil layer (0–20 cm). As in all the variants, the differences in this indicator were within the experimental error. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen during the growing season was different. The greatest amount of it was observed during the spring period, both in versions with plowing to a depth of 25–28 cm and in versions with blade loosening to a depth of 10–12 cm. The smallest amount of available phosphorus, regardless of the method of soil preparation, in the layer 0–20 cm was on fallow arable land – 122 mg/kg during the sowing period and 104 mg/kg during the flowering period. In variants with cultivation of legumes as green manure, the content of available phosphorus in the specified horizon was significantly chigher, being 147–171 mg/kg. The highest content of exchangeable potassium was provided by lupine – 209–213 mg/kg in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and lupine sown together with peas – 196–207 mg/kg. The minimum amount of exchangeable potassium was 143–146 mg/kg in fallow arable land, depending on the method of soil treatment.

scholarly journals THE CONTENT OF TOTAL CADMIUM AND ITS FRACTIONS IN ARABLE LAND OF THE PODLASIE PROVINCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Łukowski ◽  
Józefa Wiater
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Bcr Method ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Reducible Fraction

<p>The aim of this study was estimation of total cadmium content and its fractional composition in arable soils, depending on their physicochemical properties. The research material consisted of samples taken from arable soil in 81 points within then Podlasie Province. The content of total cadmium in soils and its fractional composition was determined with the BCR method. It was found that the total content of cadmium was typical for uncontaminated soils and ranged from 0.11 to 1.59 mg kg-1. The percentage of acid in the soluble and exchangeable fraction fluctuated at around 10% on average. The reducible fraction comprised about 20% and oxidizable fraction 26%, on average. Most of the cadmium was in the residual fraction. The factors that influenced the fractional composition of cadmium were determined. For the very light and light soils it was mainly the content of magnesium and pH, while for medium soils it was the organic carbon and magnesium content, content of soil fraction &lt;0.02 mm, as well as the percentage of Cd in reducible fraction.</p><p> </p><p>Celem pracy było określenie zawartości ogólnej kadmu i jego składu frakcyjnego w glebach ornych w zależności od ich właściwości fizykochemicznych. Badania wykonano w oparciu o 81 próbek gleb uprawnych pobranych w woj. podlaskim. Określono w nich zawartość ogólną kadmu i jego skład frakcyjny metodą BCR. Zawartość ogólna kadmu była typowa dla gleb niezanieczyszczonych i wahała się w przedziale od 0,11 do 1,59 mg kg-1. Udział kadmu we frakcji rozpuszczalnej w kwasach i wymienialnej wynosił średnio około 10%, we frakcji redukowalnej średnio około 20% i we frakcji utlenialnej średnio 26%. Najwięcej kadmu zgromadziła frakcja rezydualna. Określono czynniki, które wpływały na dystrybucję kadmu pomiędzy frakcjami. W przypadku gleb bardzo lekkich i lekkich największy wpływ miała zawartość magnezu i pH, a w przypadku gleb średnich zawartość magnezu, węgla organicznego, frakcji spławianych i udział procentowy kadmu we frakcji redukowalnej.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Enclosing on Vertical Distributions of Soil Physical Properties and Nutrient Stocks in Grassland of Inner Mongolia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Juan Hu ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Qicun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Nutrient Stocks ◽  
Vertical Distributions

Enclosing plays a crucial role in vegetation and soil quality in grassland. The biomass of green plants, litter, and vertical distributions of soil physical properties and nutrient stocks were evaluated at plot enclosed long term for 38 years inside a fence and a long-term grazing plot outside a fence in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that dry matter of green plants and litter during the 38-year enclosing treatment was higher than in the grazing treatment (p < 0.01). The soil silt (2–50 μm) in the 38-year enclosing treatment was 5.9% higher than in the grazing treatment (p < 0.01) in 0–10 cm soil, and the fine sand (100–250 μm) was 6.0% lower (p < 0.05). The 38-year enclosing treatment slightly decreased the bulk density and significantly decreased the electrical conductivity in each soil layer (0–100 cm). The 38-year enclosing treatment significantly increased the stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) on the surface soil, and obviously decreased the stocks of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and available nitrogen (AN) in each soil layer (0–100 cm). In conclusion, long-term enclosing improved grassland production, but decreased most nutrient stocks in soil.

scholarly journals Nutrient regime of irrigated meadow-chernozem soils under long-term intensive use

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
I. F. Khramtsov ◽  
V. S. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Intensive Use

The patterns of phosphorus and potassium status of soils were studied given the improvement of agricultural technologies of irrigated agriculture. Long-term studies were carried out in an experimental grain-grass crop rotation on irrigated meadow-chernozem soil. The experimental plot is located in the southern forest-steppe of Omsk region. Intensive use of irrigated arable land with a rational combination of moisture and mineral nutrition regimes contributes to obtaining maximum yields of forage and grain crops. The creation of various conditions for mineral nutrition due to an increased and high supply of mobile phosphorus and with the application of different options of agricultural technologies made it possible to simulate possible agro-ecological conditions that form contrasting indices of crop productivity. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various agricultural approaches to growing crops under irrigation conditions indicates that soil cultivation techniques and forecrops did not significantly affect the content of available phosphorus in the soil. The equilibrium content of mobile phosphorus given a long-term negative balance changed insignificantly. The systematic application of phosphorus-containing fertilizers significantly increased the phosphate status of the soil. However, an adequate assessment of the phosphate status of arable soils is possible using several diagnostic indices (methods). Long-term intensive use of irrigated arable land has reduced the reserves of easily exchangeable potassium from 4 to 1–2 mg/100 g of soil in the arable layer. The content of exchangeable potassium has also decreased by almost 2 times, but the soil remains in a high and very high class of its availability. However, a number of indicators show its increasing depletion in the most mobile fractions of soil potassium. The reserves of non-exchangeable potassium are more stable, which have decreased by about 19% over 40 years, and the soil has passed into the category with an unstable supply.

scholarly journals MIGRATION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN ARABLE LAND OF LITHUANIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadvyga Lubyte ◽  
Antanas Antanaitis
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
And Migration

The paper presents the investigation data on soil contamination by Cs and Sr during the period 1974–2000 in various climatic zones and geographical locations for various granulometric and mineralogic composition of the soil and also for different mineralogical rock composition. The data concerning the accumulation of these elements, their perpendicular distribution before and after the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant (ChAPP) accident. Besides, the influence of long term fertilization by various NPK rates on the amounts of radionuclides in the soil is presented. It is determined that before the ChAPP accident an average activity of 137Cs and 90Sr was 6,8±1,8 Bq·kg−1 and 5,3±1,2 Bq·kg−1, respectively. The radioactivity of peat soils was 2–5 times larger than that of mineral soils. After the accident in the ChAPP the amount of 90Sr in control plots, in the layer of 0–20 cm has not changed. In some fields an average amount of 137Cs is 6,7–28,5 Bq·kg−1. Larger concentrations of radionuclides were detected in the southeastern, southern and western regions of Lithuania. The amount of 137Cs in the upper soil layer in the western region of Lithuania was 1,1–1,2 times larger than in the layer of 5–20 cm, and 1,3–2,5 times larger than in the layer of 20–40 cm. Distinction is not so noticeable in the middle and eastern regions of Lithuania, correspondingly 1,1–1,2 and 1,2–1,6 times. Migration of 90Sr and 137Cs from the soil to plants varies and depends on soil properties and types of plants. The coefficients of 137Cs and 90Sr movement from the soil to plants were 0,24–0,53 and 0,37–0,87, respectively. In most cases long term fertilization had no influence on 90Sr and 137Cs accumulation and migration in the soil.

scholarly journals Soil chemical properties as affected by tillage and crop rotation in a long-term field experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neugschwandtner RW ◽  
P. Liebhard ◽  
Kaul H-P ◽  
H. Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Term Field

Long-term field experiments are important for explaining tillage and rotation effects on soil fertility and to develop sustainable nutrient management strategies. An experiment was established in 1996 in Raasdorf (Austria) on chernozem with four tillage treatments (mouldboard ploughing (MP); no-till; deep conservation tillage and shallow conservation tillage) and two crop rotations. Soil samples were taken in November 2003 from&nbsp;10 cm soil layers down to 40 cm to assess the effects on pH, carbonate content (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N<sub>t</sub>), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and plant-available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Soil pH and CaCO<sub>3</sub> were not affected by soil tillage. SOC, N<sub>t</sub>, PMN, P and K increased in the uppermost soil layer with reduced tillage intensity. SOC, N<sub>t</sub>, P and K were more evenly distributed in MP whereas a generally higher decline downwards the soil profile was observed with lower tillage intensity. Lower tillage intensity resulted in a decrease of P and K in 30&ndash;40 cm. Rotation affected pH and K distribution in the soil whereas the other parameters were not affected.

scholarly journals WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS IN SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
L. V. Potapenko ◽  
L. М. Skachok ◽  
N. I. Horbachenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Nutrient Reserves

Objective. To evaluate the influence of different fertilizer systems in combination with microbial preparations on the change of nutritional regime of sod-podzolic soil and the yield of crops of short-term crop rotation in the Polissia region. Methods. Fields — stationary experiment, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. On the basis of studies conducted in a long-term stationary experiment on sod-podzolic soil, analysis and determination of dependence between the content of available compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on fertilizer systems and microbial preparations was performed. It was found that the highest nutrient reserves in the soil were in the organo-mineral fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” in combination with microbial preparations: the content of mineral compounds of nitrogen — 82.32 kg/ha, available phosphorus — 223 mg/kg of soil, and exchangeable potassium — 122 mg/kg, which is 1.8, 1.4 and 1.6 times higher than the parameter of the mineral fertilizer system, respectively. At the same time, due to the inoculation of seeds nitrogen reserves in the soil can increase up to 26 %. The application of the fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” provides an optimal level of root nutrition of crops of short-term crop rotation and, as a consequence, the highest productivity of crops, which amounted to: winter rye — 5.2 FU (fodder units), potatoes — 7.7 FU, oats — 3.3, lupine — 3.8 FU on background without inoculation and 5.7, 8.3, 3.9 and 4.4 FU, respectively, when microbial preparations were applied. The increase due to inoculation with this fertilizer system amounted to 0.5 fodder units (FU) for winter rye, 0.5 FU for potatoes, and 0.6 FU for oats, and 0.6 FU for lupine. Conclusion. The nutrient regime of sod-podzolic soil depends on the use of various fertilizer systems in combination with microbial preparations. Organic-mineral fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” under the use of microbial preparations is most effective for growing crops on sod-podzolic soil in short-term crop rotation. This combined fertilizer system contributes to the greatest accumulation of nutrient reserves: nitrogen mineral compounds — 82.3 kg/ha, available phosphorus — 220 mg/kg of soil and exchangeable potassium — 122 mg/kg.

scholarly journals The Status and Fluctuation of Macronutrients of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Paddy Soils of Thai Binh Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Thế Lưu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soil Groups

Abstract: Macronutrients (N, P2O5, K2O) are needed during the growth stages of rice. The concentration of these nutrients of paddy soils is highly variable and dependent on farming systems and manuring regime. This research presents the status and fluctuation of macronutrients in the top soil layer (0 - 20 cm) of paddy soils in Thai Binh province for the period from 2005 to 2015 by analyzing data of 70 samples of the surface soil layer of Salic Fluvisols, Thionic Fluvisols and Fluvisols. The total and available contents of N, P2O5 and K2O were changed distinctively. There are some limiting factors such as lack of available phosphorus in the top soil layer of Fluvisols and lack of available potassium in all soil groups. Total content of N, P2O5 and K2O in all soil groups was not significantly increased. The available content of phosphorus increased rapidly in Salic Fluvisoils (increased by 3.51 mg/100g) and Thionic Fluvisols (increased by 5.16 mg/100 g), but decreased slightly in Fluvisols (reduced by 0.33 mg/100 g). Meanwhile, the available content of potassium was remarkly reduced in Fluvisols (reduced by 4.06 mg/100 g) but slightly decreased in all the remain soil groups. Available content of potassium in Salic and Thionic Fluvisols has a tendency to decrease slightly, i.e. 0.15 and 1.87 mg/100g, respectively. The study result provides the basis for a reasonable and balanced fertilization in rice paddy soils in Thai Binh province.

scholarly journals Vertical Distributions of Soil Nutrients and Their Stoichiometric Ratios as Affected by Long Term Grazing and Enclosing in a Semi-Arid Grassland of Inner Mongolia

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Juan Hu ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Qicun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratios ◽  
Semi Arid

Grazing and enclosing are two of the most important grassland managements. In order to evaluate the effects of different managements on the ecosystem balance of grassland, the vertical distributions of soil nutrients and their stoichiometric ratios were determined in the plots of grazing and enclosing over 38 years in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) contents in 0–100 cm soil in the long term enclosing plot were lower than the long term grazing plot and these changes were much greater in the surface soil than in deep soil. However, the soil organic carbon (SOC) and available phosphorus (AP) contents in the long term enclosing plot in the surface soil were higher (p < 0.01) compared with the long term grazing plot. In addition, long term enclosing increased the C/N ratio in each soil layer and improved C/K and C/P ratios in the surface soil compared with long term grazing. However, significant decreases of N/P and N/K ratios in the long term enclosing plot in each soil layer were observed. In conclusion, enclosing for 38 years decreased most of nutrients and reduced the nutrients’ mineralization in the surface soil especially and thus might restrict nutrients cycling in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document