scholarly journals HOW ARE CARDIAC FUNCTIONS ALTERED IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS RECEIVING ORAL IRON SUPPLEMENTATION DUE TO ANEMIA?

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Merve HİÇYILMAZ ◽  
Ayhan PEKTAŞ ◽  
Selçuk GÜREL ◽  
Mehmet Bilgehan PEKTAŞ
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The Right

Migraine is a multifactorial neurovascular syndrome characterized by typical headache attacks that occur with internal and external triggering factors in individuals with genetic susceptibility. It affects more than 12% of the general population. The aim of the present study is to compare the morphometric measurements of the determined white matter structures with the control group to investigate whether there is a structural difference in white matter structures in female patients with migraine. The width of the internal capsule parts (anterior limb, posterior limb and genu) and genu angle was evaluated through MRI. Corpus callosum related measurements were determined in the sagittal section. It was manually traced following its edge on the midsagittal slice of T1 images, where its structure appeared most remarkable. The right and left internal capsule related measurements were compared with migraine and control groups. Except the genu angle, there were statistically significant difference between all measurements and widths in the migraine group were greater than controls. No significant difference was found between the corpus callosum related measurements in the comparison of both groups. Internal capsule consists of several essential white matter fiber bundles of the brain, and is strongly connected between a range of cortical and subcortical anatomical structures. It has a crucial importance for brain functions and it can be affected by a variety of pathologies. The corpus callosum is the main fiber tract connecting two hemispheres with extensive connections and is topographically organized. It has been investigated in several neurodegenerative diseases as a marker for cortical pathology. Knowing the white matter structure in migraine patients, determining its prevalence, and its correlation with the severity, type and duration of migraine can give an idea to clinicians.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE WHITE MATTER STRUCTURES IN FEMALE MIGRAINE PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Ozan TURAMANLAR ◽  
Hilal GÜZEL ◽  
Hayri DEMİRBAŞ ◽  
Furkan KAYA ◽  
Abdülkadir BİLİR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The Right

Migraine is a multifactorial neurovascular syndrome characterized by typical headache attacks that occur with internal and external triggering factors in individuals with genetic susceptibility. It affects more than 12% of the general population. The aim of the present study is to compare the morphometric measurements of the determined white matter structures with the control group to investigate whether there is a structural difference in white matter structures in female patients with migraine. The width of the internal capsule parts (anterior limb, posterior limb and genu) and genu angle was evaluated through MRI. Corpus callosum related measurements were determined in the sagittal section. It was manually traced following its edge on the midsagittal slice of T1 images, where its structure appeared most remarkable. The right and left internal capsule related measurements were compared with migraine and control groups. Except the genu angle, there were statistically significant difference between all measurements and widths in the migraine group were greater than controls. No significant difference was found between the corpus callosum related measurements in the comparison of both groups. Internal capsule consists of several essential white matter fiber bundles of the brain, and is strongly connected between a range of cortical and subcortical anatomical structures. It has a crucial importance for brain functions and it can be affected by a variety of pathologies. The corpus callosum is the main fiber tract connecting two hemispheres with extensive connections and is topographically organized. It has been investigated in several neurodegenerative diseases as a marker for cortical pathology. Knowing the white matter structure in migraine patients, determining its prevalence, and its correlation with the severity, type and duration of migraine can give an idea to clinicians.

scholarly journals Multiple sclerosis and depressive manifestations: can diffusion tensor MR imaging help in the detection of microstructural white matter changes?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talaat A. Hassan ◽  
Shaima Fattouh Elkholy ◽  
Bahaa Eldin Mahmoud ◽  
Mona ElSherbiny
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uncinate Fasciculus ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis is one of the commonest causes of neurological disability in middle-aged and young adults. Depression in MS patients can compromise cognitive functions, lead to suicide attempts, impair relationships and reduce compliance with disease-modifying treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the microstructural changes in the white matter tracts of the limbic system in MS patients with and those without depressive manifestations using a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique. Methods This study included 40 patients who were divided into three groups. Group 1 comprised of 20 patients with relapsing-remitting MS with depressive symptoms and group 2 comprised 10 MS patients without symptoms of depression. The third group is a control group that included 10 age-matched healthy individuals. All patients underwent conventional MRI examinations and DTI to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the white matter tracts of the limbic system. Results We compared the DTI findings in MS patients with and those without depressive symptoms. It was found that patients with depression and MS exhibited a significant reduction in the FA values of the cingulum (P < 0.0111 on the right and P < 0.0142 on the left), uncinate fasciculus (P < 0.0001 on the right and P < 0.0076 on the left) and the fornix (P < 0.0001 on both sides). No significant difference was found between the FA values of the anterior thalamic radiations in both groups. Conclusion Patients with depression and MS showed more pronounced microstructural damage in the major white matter connections of the limbic pathway, namely, the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum and fornix. These changes can be detected by DTI as decreased FA values in depressed MS patients compared to those in non-depressed patients.

scholarly journals Patients With Chronic Migraine Without History of Medication Overuse Are Characterized by a Peculiar White Matter Fiber Bundle Profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Coppola ◽  
Antonio Di Renzo ◽  
Emanuele Tinelli ◽  
Barbara Petolicchio ◽  
Cherubino Di Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normal White Matter ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: We investigated intracerebral fiber bundles using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datato investigate microstructural integrity in patients with episodic (MO) and chronic migraine (CM).Methods: We performed DTI in 19 patients with MO within interictal periods, 18 patients with CM without any history of drug abuse, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We calculated diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), radial diffusion (RD), and mean diffusion (MD).Results: TBSS revealed no significant differences in the FA, MD, RD, and AD maps between the MO and HC groups. In comparison to the HC group, theCM group exhibited widespread increased RD (bilateral superior [SCR] and posterior corona radiata [PCR], bilateral genu of the corpus callosum [CC], bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule [IC], bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus [LF]) and MD values (tracts of the right SCR and PCR, right superior LF, and right splenium of the CC). In comparison to theMO group, theCM group showed decreased FA (bilateral SCR and PCR, bilateral body of CC, right superior LF, right forceps minor) and increased MD values (bilateral SCR and right PCR, right body of CC, right superior LF, right splenium of CC, and right posterior limb of IC). Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic migraine can be associated withthe widespread disruption of normal white matter integrity in the brain.

scholarly journals Patients with chronic migraine without history of medication overuse are characterized by a peculiar white matter fiber bundle profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Coppola ◽  
Antonio Di Renzo ◽  
Emanuele Tinelli ◽  
Barbara Petolicchio ◽  
Cherubino Di Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normal White Matter ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: We investigated intracerebral fiber bundles using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data to investigate microstructural integrity in patients with episodic (MO) and chronic migraine (CM).Methods: We performed DTI in 19 patients with MO within interictal periods, 18 patients with CM without any history of drug abuse, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We calculated diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), radial diffusion (RD), and mean diffusion (MD).Results: TBSS revealed no significant differences in the FA, MD, RD, and AD maps between the MO and HC groups. In comparison to the HC group, the CM group exhibited widespread increased RD (bilateral superior [SCR] and posterior corona radiata [PCR], bilateral genu of the corpus callosum [CC], bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule [IC], bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus [LF]) and MD values (tracts of the right SCR and PCR, right superior LF, and right splenium of the CC). In comparison to the MO group, the CM group showed decreased FA (bilateral SCR and PCR, bilateral body of CC, right superior LF, right forceps minor) and increased MD values (bilateral SCR and right PCR, right body of CC, right superior LF, right splenium of CC, and right posterior limb of IC). Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic migraine can be associated with the widespread disruption of normal white matter integrity in the brain.

scholarly journals Diffusion-weighted imaging of normal appearing corticospinal tracts in patients with multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Kadihan Yalçın-Şafak ◽  
Ahmet Akça ◽  
Özlem Elibol ◽  
İrem Sarı
Keyword(s):  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corticospinal Tracts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Aim To determine if there are differences in ADC values between normal appearing corticospinal tracks in patients with MS compared to ADC values in controls. Material and methods The study population comprised 62 consecutive MS patients (36 women and 26 men; mean age 36.45±8.63 years). 50 control subjects with no neurological disabilities or intracranial were included the study (32 women and 18 men; mean age 40.18±12.25 years). All ADC maps were independently evaluated by two experienced radiologists. ROI of approximately 15–18 mm2 in capsula interna and 10–12 mm2 in mesencephalon were placed bilaterally for measurement of ADC values. Three circular ROIs were placed-one each side for internal capsule-and 6 total ROIs from right and left internal capsule were averaged for each patient. Mesencephelon ADC measurements were performed similarly. Result The mean ADC values of the left internal capsule in MS patients were significiantly lower than the control group (p:0.002). No statistically significant difference was found between the MS patients and control group mean ADC values of the right internal capsule (p>0.05). The mean ADC values of the right and left mesencephalon in MS patients were significiantly lower than the control group (respectively; p:0.031, p<0.001). The mean ADC values of the left internal capsule were significiantly lower than the right internal capsule in MS patients (p<0.001). The mean ADC values of the left mesencephalon were significiantly lower than the right mesencephalon in MS patients (p<0.001). Conclusion The mean ADC values of the normal-appearing corticospinal tract in MS patients were significantly lower than the control group except for the right internal capsule.

scholarly journals A coordinate-based meta-analysis of white matter alterations in patients with alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Spindler ◽  
Louisa Mallien ◽  
Sebastian Trautmann ◽  
Nina Alexander ◽  
Markus Muehlhan
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Reference Space ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Besides the commonly described grey matter (GM) deficits, there is growing evidence of significant white matter (WM) alterations in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). WM changes can be assessed using volumetric and diffusive magnetic resonance imaging methods, such as voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The aim of the present meta-analysis is to investigate the spatial convergence of the reported findings on WM alterations in AUD. Methods: Systematic literature search on PubMed and further databases revealed 18 studies eligible for inclusion, entailing a total of 462 AUD patients and 416 healthy controls (up to January 18, 2021). All studies that had used either VBM or DTI whole-brain analyzing methods and reported results as peak-coordinates in standard reference space were considered for inclusion. We excluded studies using approaches nonconcordant with recent guidelines for neuroimaging meta-analyses and studies investigating patient groups with Korsakoff syndrome or other comorbid substance use disorders (except tobacco). Results: Anatomical Likelihood Estimation (ALE) revealed four significant clusters of convergent macro- and microstructural WM alterations in AUD patients that were assigned to the genu and body of the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior cingulum, fornix, and the right posterior limb of the internal capsule. Discussion: The changes in WM could to some extent explain the deteriorations in motor, cognitive, affective, and perceptual functions seen in AUD. Future studies are needed to clarify how WM alterations vary over the course of the disorder and to what extent they are reversible with prolonged abstinence.

scholarly journals Ethnicity-Dependent Effects of Schizophrenia Risk Variants of the OLIG2 Gene on OLIG2 Transcription and White Matter Integrity

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1619-1628
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Komatsu ◽  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Yoshie Kikuchi ◽  
Chiaki Ono ◽  
Zhiqian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Abstract Previous studies have indicated associations between several OLIG2 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to schizophrenia among Caucasians. Consistent with these findings, postmortem brain and diffusion tensor imaging studies have indicated that the schizophrenia-risk-associated allele (A) in the OLIG2 SNP rs1059004 predicts lower OLIG2 gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia patients and reduced white matter (WM) integrity of the corona radiata in normal brains among Caucasians. In an effort to replicate the association between this variant and WM integrity among healthy Japanese, we found that the number of A alleles was positively correlated with WM integrity in some fiber tracts, including the right posterior limb of the internal capsule, and with mean blood flow in a widespread area, including the inferior frontal operculum, orbital area, and triangular gyrus. Because the A allele affected WM integrity in opposite directions in Japanese and Caucasians, we investigated a possible association between the OLIG2 gene SNPs and the expression level of OLIG2 transcripts in postmortem DLPFCs. We evaluated rs1059004 and additional SNPs in the 5′ upstream and 3′ downstream regions of rs1059004 to cover the broader region of the OLIG2 gene. The 2 SNPs (rs1059004 and rs9653711) had opposite effects on OLIG2 gene expression in the DLPFC in Japanese and Caucasians. These findings suggest ethnicity-dependent opposite effects of OLIG2 gene SNPs on WM integrity and OLIG2 gene expression in the brain, which may partially explain the failures in replicating associations between genetic variants and psychiatric phenotypes among ethnicities.

scholarly journals In vivo Magnetization Transfer MRI Shows Dysmyelination in an Ischemic Mouse Model of Periventricular Leukomalacia

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2009-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fatemi ◽  
Mary Ann Wilson ◽  
Andre W Phillips ◽  
Michael T McMahon ◽  
Jiangyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Mri ◽  
The Right

Periventricular leukomalacia, PVL, is the leading cause of cerebral palsy in prematurely born infants, and therefore more effective interventions are required. The objective of this study was to develop an ischemic injury model of PVL in mice and to determine the feasibility of in vivo magnetization transfer (MT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a potential monitoring tool for the evaluation of disease severity and experimental therapeutics. Neonatal CD-1 mice underwent unilateral carotid artery ligation on postnatal day 5 (P5); at P60, in vivo T2-weighted (T2w) and MT-MRI were performed and correlated with postmortem histopathology. In vivo T2w MRI showed thinning of the right corpus callosum, but no significant changes in hippocampal and hemispheric volumes. Magnetization transfer MRI revealed significant white matter abnormalities in the bilateral corpus callosum and internal capsule. These quantitative MT-MRI changes correlated highly with postmortem findings of reduced myelin basic protein in bilateral white matter tracts. Ventriculomegaly and persistent astrogliosis were observed on the ligated side, along with evidence of axonopathy and fewer oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum. We present an ischemia-induced mouse model of PVL, which has pathologic abnormalities resembling autopsy reports in infants with PVL. We further validate in vivo MRI techniques as quantitative monitoring tools that highly correlate with postmortem histopathology.

Diffusion tensor imaging in hyperthyroidism: assessment of microstructural white matter abnormality with a tract-based spatial statistical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1677-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerim Aslan ◽  
Hediye Pinar Gunbey ◽  
Sumeyra Cortcu ◽  
Onur Ozyurt ◽  
Ugur Avci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Microstructural Alterations

Background Metabolic, morphological, and functional brain changes associated with a neurological deficit in hyperthyroidism have been observed. However, changes in microstructural white matter (WM), which can explain the underlying pathophysiology of brain dysfunctions, have not been researched. Purpose To assess microstructural WM abnormality in patients with untreated or newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Material and Methods Eighteen patients with hyperthyroidism and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. TBSS were used in this diffusion tensor imaging study for a whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of WM. Results When compared to the control group, TBSS showed a significant increase in the RD of the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the retrolenticular region of the internal capsule in patients with hyperthyroidism ( P < 0.05), as well as a significant decrease in AD in the anterior corona radiata and the genu of corpus callosum ( P < 0.05). Conclusion This study showed that more regions are affected by the RD increase than the AD decrease in the WM tracts of patients with hyperthyroidism. These preliminary results suggest that demyelination is the main mechanism of microstructural alterations in the WM of hyperthyroid patients.

P02 - 361 White matter microstructural abnormalities in antisocial personality disorder: A pilot diffusion tensor imaging study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 957-957
Author(s):  
F. Sundram ◽  
Q. Deeley ◽  
S. Sarkar ◽  
E. Daly ◽  
R. Latham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Uncinate Fasciculus ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
The Right

IntroductionAntisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy involve significant interpersonal and behavioural impairments. However, little is known about white matter (WM) abnormalities in tracts linking grey matter regions. A previous diffusion tensor imaging (DT-MRI) tractography study in ASPD and psychopathy revealed abnormalities in the right uncinate fasciculus, indicating fronto-limbic disconnectivity.ObjectivesIt is not clear whether WM abnormalities are restricted to only this tract or are more widespread. Therefore, we planned to use whole brain DT-MRI voxel-based analyses.AimsTo clarify if WM abnormalities extend beyond the frontal lobe.MethodsWe used whole brain DT-MRI to compare WM fractional anisotropy (FA) of 15 adults with ASPD and healthy age, handedness and IQ-matched controls. Also, within ASPD subjects, we related differences in FA to severity of psychopathy measures.ResultsSignificant WM FA reductions were found in ASPD subjects relative to controls. These were found bilaterally in the anterior corpus callosum. Right hemisphere FA reduction was found in the anterior corona radiata, uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and internal capsule. Left hemisphere, FA deficits encompassed the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and internal capsule. There was a significant negative correlation between WM FA in the right uncinate fasciculus and corpus callosum and measures of psychopathy.ConclusionsWe report FA reduction in the uncinate fasciculus and anterior corpus callosum which may be associated with frontal and inter-hemispheric disconnectivity in ASPD, in addition to abnormalities in other tracts which directly or indirectly connect to prefrontal regions.

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