scholarly journals Serological investigation of ovine chlamydiosis in small ruminants in Western Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Mehmet Engin Malal ◽  
Mustafa Sencer Karagül ◽  
Kadir Akar
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Chlamydia Abortus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Financial Losses

The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of ovine chlamydiosis caused by Chlamydia abortus in sheep and goats in Western Turkey. Chlamydial abortion causes late term abortions with a worldwide occurence particularly in sheep and goats; it also leads to significant financial losses. Seroepidemiological studies provide useful data regarding the prevalence of the disease. Isolation of Chlamydia abortus as the causative agent of the disease is a time consuming and laborious procedure requiring appropriate biosafety measures. Serological methods are commonly used for routine diagnosis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is generally recommended for surveillance studies. In this study, a total of 833 blood samples obtained from 126 herds of sheep and goats located in all provinces of the Marmara region, Western Turkey, were analyzed. Total seroprevalence was found to be 25.81% through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, the proportion of seropositive herds was observed at 62.70%, which is higher than the total seroprevalence. This study confirms the presence of Chlamydia abortus exposure in sheep and goat herds in the Marmara region and provides original seroprevalence data in the provinces, which have not been reported so far. The data gathered are useful for the evaluation and elaboration on the seroprevalence of chlamydiosis in small ruminants in the Marmara region, Turkey.

scholarly journals Seroconversion to Brucella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Goats in Dohuk Province, Iraq and Its Association with Pregnancy Loss

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Ali Al Hamada ◽  
Ihab Habib ◽  
Mieghan Bruce ◽  
Anne Barnes ◽  
Ian D. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Impact

In this study, sera from 240 small ruminants (192 sheep and 48 goats) belonging to 12 farms in Dohuk Province, northern Iraq, were collected on two occasions to investigate the incidence risk of seroconversion to Brucella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. All selected animals were confirmed pregnant (approximately 2 months pregnant) by ultrasound examination at the time of the first blood collection. A second ultrasound examination and blood sampling were undertaken two months after the initial scanning/sampling. Antibodies to Brucella were tested using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), and the results were interpreted in series. The Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) were also used in series to confirm the presence of antibodies to T. gondii. The seroprevalence for Brucella and Toxoplasma increased significantly between the two sampling times (p = 0.0003 and 0.03 in first and second sampling, respectively). The incidence risk of seroconversion to Brucella over the two months was 10.6% (95% CI: 6.9–15.3) and 7.3% (95% CI: 4.3–11.6) for Toxoplasma. Animals that seroconverted to Brucella were 2.9 times more likely to lose their pregnancy (95% CI: 1.6–5.5) than animals that remained seronegative; however, seroconversion to Toxoplasma had no significant impact on loss of pregnancy. This study is the first reported investigation on the association of seroconversion to Brucella and Toxoplasma with the reproductive outcome of pregnant sheep and goats in northern Iraq. Brucellosis and toxoplasmosis continue to negatively impact small ruminants' reproductive performance and compromising food security in Iraq. It is hoped that this study will assist the development of a better-informed economic model to estimate Brucella and Toxoplasma burden in small animals in northern Iraq, and such a model could be used to validate the impact of various potential intervention programs in.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Q fever in sheep and goats from the Marmara region, Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Sencer Karagul ◽  
Mehmet Engin Malal ◽  
Kadir Akar
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Seroprevalence Data

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate Q fever seroprevalence in sheep and goats in the Marmara region. Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. In ruminants, the disease causes reproductive disorders, premature births and stillbirths.Material and MethodsBlood samples of sheep and goats were collected from the Marmara region of Turkey and a commercial ELISA was used for detection of specific antibodies to C. burnetii. A total of 832 samples (627 from sheep and 205 from goats) obtained from 126 herds located in 110 villages in 63 municipalities across all 11 provinces were utilised.ResultsTotal seroprevalence was found to be 13.22%, while the proportion of seropositive herds was determined to be over threefold higher at 42.85%. The seroprevalence for sheep was found to be 14.19%, and for goats 10.24%. The herd seropositivity rate for sheep of 46.31% and for goats of 32.25% were also over threefold higher than the species-level seroprevalences. The provincial seroprevalence varied between 1.38% and 21.79%.ConclusionThis study confirms the presence of C. burnetii in sheep and goat herds in the Marmara region and provides original seroprevalence data in hitherto uninvestigated provinces. The data gathered are beneficial for evaluation and elaboration of the seroprevalence of Q fever in sheep and goats in the Marmara region. Surveillance studies should be maintained, particularly in provinces with high seropositivity rates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Lipopolysaccharides and Polysaccharides of Different Epitopic Structures in the Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants and Cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Alonso-Urmeneta ◽  
C. Marín ◽  
V. Aragón ◽  
J. M. Blasco ◽  
R. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensishave surface lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides carryingB. melitensis-type (M) and B. abortus-type (A) epitopes as well as common (C) epitopes present in all smooth Brucella biotypes. Crude lipopolysaccharides, hydrolytic O polysaccharides, and native hapten polysaccharides of MC or AC specificity were evaluated in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with polyclonal, monoclonal, or protein G conjugates by using sera from cattle, sheep, and goats infected with AC, MC, or AMC Brucella biotypes. Regardless of the antigen, the levels of antibodies were lower in goats than in sheep and highest in cattle. The diagnostic performance of the assay was not affected by the absence of lipid A-core epitopes, the presence of contaminating outer membrane proteins, the AC or MC epitopic structure of the absorbed antigen, or the conjugate used. Moreover, with sera from cattle vaccinated with B. abortus S19 (AC) or from sheep and goats vaccinated with B. melitensis Rev 1 (MC), AC and MC antigens showed similar levels of reactivity. The results show that antibodies to the C epitopes largely dominate in infection, and this is consistent with the existence of multiple overlapping C epitopes (V. Weynants, D. Gilson, A. Cloeckaert, A. Tibor, P. A. Denoel, F. Godfroid, J. N. Limet, and J.-J. Letesson, Infect. Immun. 65:1939–1943, 1997) rather than with one or two C epitopes. It is concluded that, by adaptation to the corresponding antibody levels, brucellosis in cattle, sheep, and goats can be diagnosed by immunosorbent assay with a single combination of conjugate and antigen.

Immunodiagnostic potency of homologous antigens for natural Paramphistomum epiclitum infection in small ruminants in plate and paper enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Kumar ◽  
Mehul M. Jadav ◽  
Bhupamani Das ◽  
Jaesh B. Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Secretory Antigen ◽  
Paramphistomum Epiclitum ◽  
Dot Elisa

The objective of the present work was to standardize and evaluate indirect plate and dot- enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified Paramphistomum epiclitum homologous antigens in the small ruminants. Electrophoretic separation of somatic antigen (PeSAg) in reducing condition on 15% polyacrylamide gel resolved into 16 proteins of the molecular weight ranging from 14 -100 kDa. Two step ethanolic precipitation of supernatant of in-vitro culture of the fluke yielded P. epiclitum excretory-secretory antigen (PeESAg) of molecular weight 28 kDa. The animals (Goats=123; Sheep=91) were broadly kept into post-mortem and faecal examined groups. At many occasion the PeSAg found to cross reacts with other helminths parasites thus minimizing the specificity of the tests and antigens. There was no any direct correlation between the parasites load and ELISA reactivity pattern. The noted prevalence rate after combining the results of post-mortem examination and PeESAg based ELISA (plate and paper/ dot) was 30.08% (37/123) in goats and 28.57% (26/91) in sheep. While using PeESAg, the calculated overall sensitivity% was 92.86 (goats)/ 100 (sheep) in both plate and dot-ELISA, specificity% was 91.58 (goats)/ 91.55 (sheep) in plate ELISA while 88.42 (goats)/ 92.96 (sheep) in dot-ELISA, positive predictive value% was 76.47 (goats)/ 76.92 (sheep) in plate ELISA while 70.27 (goats)/ 80 (sheep) in dot-ELISA and negative predictive value% was 97.75 (goats)/ 100 (sheep) in plate ELISA while 97.67 (goats)/ 100 (sheep) in dot-ELISA, these values were optimum for the field sera sample so the tests and PeESAg can be recommended for the detection P. epiclitum infection in the small ruminants.

scholarly journals Validation of the Indirect MAP1-B Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Experimental Cowdria ruminantium Infection in Small Ruminants

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Mboloi ◽  
Cornelis P. J. Bekker ◽  
Cas Kruitwagen ◽  
Matthias Greiner ◽  
Frans Jongejan
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Antigenic Protein ◽  
Cowdria Ruminantium ◽  
Cutoff Values

ABSTRACT The major antigenic protein 1 fragment B (MAP1-B) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of Cowdria ruminantium infections was validated to determine cutoff values and evaluate its diagnostic performance with sheep and goat sera.Cowdria-infected populations consisted of 48 sheep and 44 goats, while the noninfected populations consisted of 64 sheep and 107 goats. Cutoff values were determined by two-graph receiver-operating characteristic (TG-ROC) curves. The cutoff value was set at 31 and 26.6% of the positive control reference samples for sheep and goat sera, respectively. The test’s diagnostic performance was evaluated with measurements of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of the ROC curves and by the valid range proportion (VRP). The AUCs were 0.978 for sheep sera and 0.989 for goat sera. The VRP for both sheep and goat sera was approximately 1.0. The intermediate range (IR), which defines results that are neither positive nor negative, was 0 for goat sera and 2.81 for sheep sera. In an ideal test, the AUC and VRP would be 1.0 and the IR would be 0. In this study these parameters were close to those of an ideal test. It is concluded that the MAP1-B ELISA is a useful test for the diagnosis of C. ruminantiuminfection in small ruminants.

scholarly journals Point Seroprevalence Survey of Ehrlichia ruminantium Infection in Small Ruminants in The Gambia

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonto Faburay ◽  
Susanne Munstermann ◽  
Dirk Geysen ◽  
Lesley Bell-Sakyi ◽  
Ansumana Ceesay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The West ◽  
Ehrlichia Ruminantium ◽  
The North ◽  
North Bank ◽  
Western Division

ABSTRACT Using the MAP1-B enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we tested 1,318 serum samples collected from sheep and goats at 28 sites in the five divisions of The Gambia to determine the Ehrlichia ruminantium seroprevalence rates and to assess the risk for heartwater. About half (51.6%) of 639 sheep were positive, with seroprevalence rates per site varying between 6.9% and 100%. The highest seroprevalence was detected in the western part of the country (88.1% in the Western Division and 62.1% in the Lower River Division). Sheep in the two easterly divisions (Central River and Upper River divisions) showed the lowest seroprevalence of 29.3% and 32.4%, respectively, while those in the North Bank Division showed an intermediate prevalence of 40.6%. In goats, less than one-third (30.3%) of 679 animals tested were positive. The highest seroprevalence was detected in goats in the North Bank Division (59%) and Western Division (44.1%). Goats in the Lower River Division showed an intermediate level of 21.9%, whereas the lowest rates were found in the eastern part of the country (4.8% in the Central River Division and 2.3% in the Upper River Division). At nearly all sites, seroprevalence rates were higher in sheep than in goats. The results show a gradient of increasing heartwater risk for susceptible small ruminants from the east to the west of The Gambia. These findings need to be taken into consideration when future livestock-upgrading programs are implemented.

Expression of sheep pathogen Babesia sp. Xinjiang rhoptry-associated protein 1 and evaluation of its diagnostic potential by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 1990-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
QINGLI NIU ◽  
ZHIJIE LIU ◽  
JIFEI YANG ◽  
PEIFA YU ◽  
YUPING PAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Ct Antigen ◽  
High Level ◽  
Potential Use

SUMMARYOvine babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases of small ruminants. The ovine parasite Babesia sp. Xinjiang is widespread in China. In this study, recombinant full-length XJrRAP-1aα2 (rhoptry-associated protein 1aα2) and C-terminal XJrRAP-1aα2 CT of Babesia sp. Xinjiang were expressed and used to evaluate their diagnostic potential for Babesia sp. Xinjiang infections by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Purified XJrRAP-1aα2 was tested for reactivity with sera from animals experimentally infected with Babesia sp. Xinjiang and other haemoparasites using Western blotting and ELISA. The results showed no cross-reactivities between XJrRAP-1aα2 CT and sera from animals infected by other pathogens. High level of antibodies against RAP-1a usually lasted 10 weeks post-infection (wpi). A total of 3690 serum samples from small ruminants in 23 provinces located in 59 different regions of China were tested by ELISA. The results indicated that the average positive rate was 30·43%, and the infections were found in all of the investigated provinces. This is the first report on the expression and potential use of a recombinant XJrRAP-1aα2 CT antigen for the development of serological assays for the diagnosis of ovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia sp. Xinjiang.

scholarly journals Rapid Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibodies to Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Seuk Choi ◽  
Jin-Ju Nah ◽  
Young-Joon Ko ◽  
Shien-Young Kang ◽  
Nam-In Jo
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Rinderpest Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Relative Specificity

ABSTRACT Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious viral disease of small ruminants that is of economic importance in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. We developed a rapid competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rapid c-ELISA) for the diagnosis and surveillance of PPR. This assay detects PPR virus (PPRV) antibodies in serum samples by quantifying the amount of monoclonal antibody (MAb) P-3H12 after 30 min of incubation of a serum-MAb conjugate mixture on plates coated with a PPRV recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rPPRV-N). We tested 249 PPRV-positive serum samples and 733 PPRV-negative serum samples from field ruminants. The threshold of percent inhibition (PI) was determined to be <50 on the basis of the mean PI plus 3 standard deviations for sera from PPRV-negative ruminants. The relative specificity and sensitivity of the rapid c-ELISA were 98.5% (722 of 733 serum samples) and 93.4% (234 of 249 serum samples), respectively. The rapid c-ELISA sensitively detected PPRV antibodies in hyperimmune sera (virus neutralization test [VNT] titer, >512), even at dilutions ≥512 in normal goat serum, and as early as 6 to 13 days postinfection from 12 goats, each of which was infected with one of the four PPRV lineages. Hyperimmune sera from animals experimentally vaccinated with rinderpest virus gave positive results by the rapid c-ELISA when the rinderpest virus VNT titers were >512, although the rapid c-ELISA titers were very low (2 to 16). However, the rapid c-ELISA was negative when the rinderpest virus VNT titer was ≤128. The rapid c-ELISA developed in the present work provides a short turnaround time and could be a useful tool for the diagnosis of PPR and screening for PPRV in the field.

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