scholarly journals Q fever in Bulgaria: Laboratory and epidemiological findings on human cases and outbreaks, 2011 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petia Genova-Kalou ◽  
Nadezhda Vladimirova ◽  
Savina Stoitsova ◽  
Stefka Krumova ◽  
Anna Kurchatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Regional Health Authorities ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Background Q fever is a zoonosis, included in category B of particularly dangerous infectious agents and as such merits careful surveillance and regular updating of the information about its distribution. Aim This observational retrospective study aimed to provide an overview of Q fever incidence in Bulgaria in the period 2011 to 2017. Methods Aggregated surveillance data from Bulgaria’s mandatory surveillance system, laboratory data on individual samples received at the National Reference Laboratory Rickettsiae and Cell Cultures and outbreak reports sent by the regional health authorities to the National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, were used in this analysis. Cases were described by year, region, age group and most commonly identified risk behaviours. Results A total of 139 confirmed cases were reported in the study period (average annual incidence: 0.27 cases/100,000 inhabitants). No seasonality or trend in reported cases was observed. Cases were mostly sporadic, with two small outbreaks in 2017. Identified risk behaviours among cases were occupational exposure and consumption of milk and dairy products, although exposure data were incomplete. The male/female ratio was 1.4. The identification and resolution of the two rural outbreaks in 2017 with a total of 18 cases involved good practices: active case finding and collaboration between public health and veterinary authorities. Conclusion Between 2011 and 2017, Bulgaria retained low Q fever incidence, mostly sporadic cases and two small outbreaks. Occupational exposure and consumption of milk and dairy products were the most often reported likely exposures among cases. The outbreak investigations demonstrate the application of good control practices.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Mycobacterium from Extrapulmonary Specimen at NTRL, NIDCH

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Mostofa Kamal ◽  
HAM Nazmul Ahasan ◽  
Sharmin Ahmed ◽  
KFM Ayaz ◽  
Md Shahriar Mahbub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Objective of the study was to see the frequency of isolation of Mycobacterium among different extrapulmonaryspecimens. The study was carried out at NTRL (National Tuberculosis reference laboratory), NIDCH Bangladeshduring January 2008-June 2009.This study was carried out retrospectively by analyzing NTRL laboratory data. Atotal of 514 extra-pulmonary specimens from different treatment centre of Dhaka was analyzed. Clinical specimens,such as lymph node aspirate, pleural fluid, urine, stool, gastric lavage, pus, ascitic fluid, cerebrospinal fluids, etc wascollected. Lowenstein-Jensen media was used for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Mycobacteria wereisolated from 113 extra-pulmonary specimens. Male and female ratio was almost equal among positive cases. Thecommonest source of isolation was lymph nodes(frequency 55.8%) and lymph node aspirate( frequency 68.4%)pleural fluid (frequency10.6%).Anti-microbial susceptibility of the isolates to the four first line anti-tuberculosis drugs,rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol was tested, susceptibility rate was 100%.The results suggest that,,emphasis should be placed on laboratory diagnosis and treatment of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis; extrapulmonary; Microbial Sensitivity Test; Laboratory Technics and Procedures;BangladeshDOI: 10.3329/jom.v11i2.5454J MEDICINE 2010; 11 : 128-130

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Food Sources of Protein and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to < 10 Years: Findings of the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Casandra Madrigal ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Teresa Valero ◽  
Federico Lara Villoslada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Diet in the first years of life is an important factor in growth and development. Dietary protein is a critical macronutrient that provides both essential and nonessential amino acids required for sustaining all body functions and procedures, providing the structural basis to maintain life and healthy development and growth in children. In this study, our aim was to describe the total protein intake, type and food sources of protein, the adequacy to the Population Reference Intake (PRI) for protein by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) by the Institute of Medicine (IoM). Furthermore, we analyzed whether the consumption of dairy products (including regular milk, dairy products, or adapted milk formulas) is associated with nutrient adequacy and the contribution of protein to diet and whole dietary profile in the two cohorts of the EsNuPI (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population) study; one cohort was representative of the Spanish population from one to < 10 years old (n = 707) (Spanish reference cohort, SRS) who reported consuming all kinds of milk and one was a cohort of the same age who reported consuming adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, growing up milk, toddler’s milk, and enriched and fortified milks) (n = 741) (adapted milk consumers cohort, AMS). The children of both cohorts had a high contribution from protein to total energy intake (16.79% SRS and 15.63% AMS) and a high total protein intake (60.89 g/day SRS and 53.43 g/day AMS). We observed that protein intake in Spanish children aged one to < 10 years old was above the European and international recommendations, as well as the recommended percentages for energy intakes. The main protein sources were milk and dairy products (28% SRS and 29% AMS) and meat and meat products (27% SRS and 26% AMS), followed by cereals (16% SRS and 15% AMS), fish and shellfish (8% in both cohorts), eggs (5% SRS and 6% AMS), and legumes (4% in both cohorts). In our study population, protein intake was mainly from an animal origin (meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, fish and shellfish, and eggs) rather than from a plant origin (cereals and legumes). Future studies should investigate the long-term effect of dietary protein in early childhood on growth and body composition, and whether high protein intake affects health later in life.

scholarly journals Proteomic Advances in Milk and Dairy Products

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3832
Author(s):  
Rubén Agregán ◽  
Noemí Echegaray ◽  
María López-Pedrouso ◽  
Radwan Kharabsheh ◽  
Daniel Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Complex Fluid ◽  
Proteins And Peptides ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Proteomics is a new area of study that in recent decades has provided great advances in the field of medicine. However, its enormous potential for the study of proteomes makes it also applicable to other areas of science. Milk is a highly heterogeneous and complex fluid, where there are numerous genetic variants and isoforms with post-translational modifications (PTMs). Due to the vast number of proteins and peptides existing in its matrix, proteomics is presented as a powerful tool for the characterization of milk samples and their products. The technology developed to date for the separation and characterization of the milk proteome, such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) technology and especially mass spectrometry (MS) have allowed an exhaustive characterization of the proteins and peptides present in milk and dairy products with enormous applications in the industry for the control of fundamental parameters, such as microbiological safety, the guarantee of authenticity, or the control of the transformations carried out, aimed to increase the quality of the final product.

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