scholarly journals Measles resurgence in France in 2008, a preliminary report

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Parent du Châtelet ◽  
D Floret ◽  
D Antona ◽  
D Lévy-Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Public ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
And Control

Since the beginning of 2008, France has been experiencing a resurgence of measles. It started in a religious traditionalist group with low coverage and secondarily spread to the general population. This situation is the consequence of the insufficient vaccine coverage (less than 90 % at 24 months of age) which had led to the accumulation of susceptibles over the last years. More than 550 cases have been notified in 2008, the vast majority being unvaccinated. One measles-related death has occurred early 2009. Efforts to enhance communication to the general public and the health professionals on measles vaccination and control measures around cases are ongoing.

scholarly journals Measles resurgence in Belgium from January to mid-April 2011: a preliminary report

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sabbe ◽  
D Hue ◽  
V Hutse ◽  
P Goubau
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measles Vaccination

From 1 January to 14 April 2011, a total of 155 measles cases were notified in Belgium, whereas throughout 2010, there were only 40. Of the 103 cases with known vaccination status, 87% had not been vaccinated with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. The resurgence of measles is the consequence of insufficient vaccine coverage in previous years. Efforts to communicate the benefits of measles vaccination to the public and to advise health professionals on control measures and outbreak management are ongoing.

scholarly journals Improving knowledge, attitudes and practice to prevent COVID-19 transmission in healthcare workers and the public in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rapeephan R. Maude ◽  
Monnaphat Jongdeepaisal ◽  
Sumawadee Skuntaniyom ◽  
Thanomvong Muntajit ◽  
Stuart D. Blacksell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Key infection prevention and control measures to limit transmission of COVID-19 include social distancing, hand hygiene, use of facemasks and personal protective equipment. However, these have limited or no impact if not applied correctly through lack of knowledge, inappropriate attitude or incorrect practice. In order to maximise the impact of infection prevention and control measures on COVID-19 spread, we undertook a study to assess and improve knowledge, attitudes and practice among 119 healthcare workers and 100 general public in Thailand. The study setting was two inpatient hospitals providing COVID-19 testing and treatment. Detailed information on knowledge, attitudes and practice among the general public and healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 transmission and its prevention were obtained from a combination of questionnaires and observations. Results Knowledge of the main transmission routes, commonest symptoms and recommended prevention methods was mostly very high (> 80%) in both groups. There was lower awareness of aerosols, food and drink and pets as sources of transmission; of the correct duration for handwashing; recommended distance for social/physical distancing; and about recommended types of face coverings. Information sources most used and most trusted were the workplace, work colleagues, health workers and television. The results were used to produce a set of targeted educational videos which addressed many of these gaps with subsequent improvements on retesting in a number of areas. This included improvements in handwashing practice with an increase in the number of areas correctly washed in 65.5% of the public, and 57.9% of healthcare workers. The videos were then further optimized with feedback from participants followed by another round of retesting. Conclusions Detailed information on gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practice among the general public and healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 transmission and its prevention were obtained from a combination of questionnaires and observations. This was used to produce targeted educational videos which addressed these gaps with subsequent improvements on retesting. The resulting videos were then disseminated as a resource to aid in efforts to fight COVID-19 in Thailand and worldwide.

scholarly journals Measles outbreak: preliminary report on a case series of the first 8,070 suspected cases, Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, February to November 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Almeida Elidio ◽  
Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França ◽  
Flávia Caselli Pacheco ◽  
Marinélia Martins Ferreira ◽  
Jair dos Santos Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
And Control

We report an ongoing measles outbreak in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. As at 3 November 2018, 1,631 cases were confirmed corresponding to an incidence of 75.3 per 100,000 inhabitants; all five sanitary districts presented confirmed cases. Reintroduction of measles virus in Manaus is likely related to the current outbreak in Venezuela and due to recent decline in measles vaccine coverage. Given the current scenario, prevention and control measures should target individuals aged 15–29 years.

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness about airborne pathogens and its prevention among the general public

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Ashritha M ◽  
Geetha R V ◽  
Jayalakshmi Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The People ◽  
Airborne Disease ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

The airborne disease is mainly caused by the pathogens, which spread through respiratory droplets while coughing, sneezing or talking. Infection protection and control measures are taken to prevent the possible spread of , which also spreads through respiratory droplets. Discharged microbes are suspended in the air as dust particles and even in the form of droplets. The Middle East respiratory syndrome is caused by wherein the health workers are at a higher risk. Hence, awareness must be created in order to reduce a number of cases. The preventive measures are mainly taken in health care as patients are susceptible to diseases. It is essential for all the people to become aware and take steps according. The survey was distributed online to around 100 participants of various places of Tamil regarding the awareness of airborne pathogens. From this above study, it could be noticed that around 85% of the people are aware of the airborne pathogen whereas 15% of the people are not aware of. 64% of people have a good knowledge of the symptoms of any type of airborne disease. the protective measures that must be taken, about 65% of the people are conscious of doing it. The study concludes that there is awareness of airborne pathogens and its prevention among the general public.

scholarly journals Prevention and control measures for neonatal COVID-19 infection: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Hinnah Borges Martins de Freitas ◽  
Mayrene Dias de Sousa Moreira Alves ◽  
Maria Aparecida Munhoz Gaíva
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify with the literature the measures to prevent and control neonatal infection by COVID-19. Methods: a scope review carried out by searching for studies in databases and institutional health websites. The final sample was 25 articles. Results: among the main measures are the use of masks by suspected or infected people in contact with healthy newborns, hand hygiene before and after each care and feeding as well as the tools used for milking. It is indispensable to use personal protective equipment by health professionals in neonatology services to maintain a private room for infected newborns or to use physical barriers. Early diagnosis and timely case management is essential to reduce virus transmissibility. Conclusions: the research contributed to elucidate health and nursing actions in preventing and controlling neonatal infection by COVID-19.

scholarly journals Human visceral leishmaniasis and relationship with vector and canine control measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Nunes Carneiro Castro Costa ◽  
Patricia Marques Moralejo Bermudi Bermudi ◽  
Lilian Aparecida Colebrusco Rodas ◽  
Caris Maroni Nunes ◽  
Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: Estimate the coverage of control measures of visceral leishmaniasis and relate them with the occurrence of human visceral leishmaniasis in endemic urban area. METHODS: Cases of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis were considered as study population and evaluated by a serological survey conducted in Araçatuba, state São Paulo, from 2007 to 2015. The cases of human visceral leishmaniasis were geocoded by the address of the patients and the canine disease by the address of the dogs’ owners. The coverage of serological survey, euthanasia, and insecticide spraying was calculated, as well as the canine seroprevalence and the incidence rates of human visceral leishmaniasis. The relationship between human visceral leishmaniasis and control measures was evaluated, as well as the seroprevalence by comparing maps and by linear regression. The relationship between the canine and the human disease was also evaluated by the Ripley’s K function. RESULTS: The incidence rates of human visceral leishmaniasis showed a period of decline (2007 to 2009) and a period of stability (2010 to 2015), a behavior similar to that of canine seroprevalence. In general, the coverage of control measures was low, and the non-association with the incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis can be a result of the period analyzed and of the small number of analyzed units (sectors of the Superintendence for the Control of Endemic Diseases). The distribution of human cases showed spatial dependence with the distribution of seropositive dogs from 2007 to 2009. CONCLUSIONS: This study reaffirmed the relationship between the occurrence of the disease in humans and dogs, it verified a decrease in the rates of visceral leishmaniasis in Araçatuba over time, even at low coverage of control activities. However, further studies are needed to determine if factors beyond monitoring and control measures are involved in the reduction of incidences.

scholarly journals Efficient measures to control an outbreak of SARS-CoV2 in an elderly care home and to prevent a spill over into the general population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef A.I. Weigl ◽  
Thorsten Werlang ◽  
Michael Wessendorf ◽  
Holger Helbing
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Measures

Abstract Background: The vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV2 in Germany started at the peak of the second wave. An outbreak in an elderly care home occurred in our county at the time of the second vaccination.Aims: To describe a package of measures to control the outbreak and to prevent a spill over into the general population.Methods: After outbreak confirmation a package of measures such as quarantine of the elderly care home, staff and visitors, and their households was implemented. By sequential testing quarantine measures were lifted. Surveillance of staff and residents by rapid antigen test and symptom monitoring was used in parallel.Results: The outbreak was on-going for around 17 days until it was noticed by a symptomatic external staff member as index case. A total of 23 out of 96 (24.0%) residents and 9 out of 114 (7.9%) staff were infected. Three residents died. Effective first dose vaccine coverage was 85.4% in residents, 27.4% in internal and 10.5% in external staff. Given the long latency period the use of household quarantine prevented a spill over into the public. Already 16 days after notification of the index case the outbreak could be declared over.Conclusions: Interferences between vaccination coverage and outbreak characteristics in regard to an extended latency period were observed. Household quarantine of case as well as contact households is of increased importance in the era of vaccination to prevent further spread into the general population until population based control measures and lockdowns can be lifted.

scholarly journals Vaccine-masked spread of SARS-CoV2 in an elderly care home, and how to prevent a spill-over into the general population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef A. I. Weigl ◽  
Thorsten Werlang ◽  
Michael Wessendorf ◽  
Holger Helbing
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Measures

Abstract Aim The vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV2 in Germany started at the peak of the second wave. An outbreak in an elderly care home occurred in our county at the time of the second vaccination. We describe a package of measures to control the outbreak and to prevent a spill over into the general population. Subjects and methods After outbreak confirmation, a package of measures such as quarantine of the elderly care home, staff and visitors, and their households was implemented. By sequential testing, quarantine measures were lifted. Surveillance of staff and residents by rapid antigen test and symptom monitoring was used in parallel. Results The outbreak was on-going for around 17 days until it was noticed by a symptomatic external staff member as index case. A total of 23 out of 96 residents (24.0%) and nine out of 114 staff (7.9%) were infected. Three residents died. Effective first-dose vaccine coverage was 85.4% in residents, 27.4% in internal, and 10.5% in external staff. Given the long latency period, the use of household quarantine prevented a spill over into the public. Already 16 days after notification of the index case the outbreak could be declared over. Conclusions Interferences between vaccination coverage and outbreak characteristics in regard to an extended latency period were observed. Household quarantine of case as well as contact households is of increased importance in the era of vaccination to prevent further spread into the general population until population-based control measures and lockdowns can be lifted.

Overweight: Causes, Cost and Control, by Jean Mayer, Ph.D., B.Sc., A.M. (hon.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968, 213 pp., $2.45 (paper)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
J. Roswell Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Public ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Control ◽  
Practicing Physicians

This very useful book is, as the author points out, about obesity and not about merely being overweight. Practicing physicians will find it an up-to-date and authoritative review of the many aspects of obesity, and yet the general public, dietitians, and other health professionals will also find it easy to understand and never dull. It is written in a clear, concise style, enlivened by comments that reflect the author's viewpoint, and by his genuine concern for those who are obese.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Different Population Groups in China: a National Multi-Center Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiman Huang ◽  
Xiaoyou Su ◽  
Weijun Xiao ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Mingyu Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Professionals

Abstract Background: COVID-19 vaccine has been available in China since the beginning of the 2021, however, certain numbers of people are reluctant for some reasons to vaccinate. The high vaccine coverage is crucial for controlling disease transmission. Meanwhile, the vaccine hesitancy might be a barrier to the establishment of sufficient herd immunization. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among different population groups, and explores the characteristics of different groups about vaccine hesitancy and common barriers and facilitators to vaccination decisions.Methods: The current survey was performed among students, public health professionals, medical workers and general population from January to March 2021 among Chinese from seven cities located in seven geographical territories of China. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic information, concerns about COVID-19 epidemic, general vaccination behavior and attitudes, the General Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and other potential factors of vaccine hesitancy. Univariate analysis was conducted by chi-squared test, and variables were significant at P < 0.10 were then included in a multivariable regression model.Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 64.1% in our study, and a higher prevalence (73.7%) was in public health professionals compared to students (58.3%), medical workers (64.9%) and general population (61.1%). The results of multivariate analysis indicated that public health professionals were more likely to be hesitant against COVID-19 vaccine than general population (OR: 1.469, 95% CI: 1.069-2.019. And participants who needed transparent information about COVID-19 vaccine development, efficacy and safety (OR: 1.609, 95% CI: 1.343-1.928) and who have received negative information of COVID-19 vaccine (OR: 1.300, 95% CI: 1.130-1.496) were more likely to have vaccine hesitancy.Conclusions: Appropriate training in knowledge and communication skills about vaccines are necessary for public health professionals to help themselves and the public to increase their willingness of vaccination. Reducing the spread of misinformation and disseminating facts in a timely and accurate way will likely reduce vaccine hesitancy. Also, to establish suitable communication strategies between the government and the public and a warning system on infodemic would be helpful to improve public’s confidence in vaccination.

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